Deck 1: The Microbial World and You

Question 1

Classification of organisms into three domains is based on

A) the number of cells in the organism.
B) cellular proteins.
C) the presence of a cell wall.
D) cellular organization.
E) nutritional requirements.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Who is credited with first observing microorganisms?

A) Carolus Linnaeus
B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C) Robert Koch
D) Louis Pasteur
E) Robert Hooke

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If you were setting up an experiment to disprove spontaneous generation in a liquid medium, which of the following would be essential to the experiment?

A) supplying the liquid with nutrients
B) starting with a liquid that contains microorganisms
C) adding antibiotics to the liquid
D) adding carbon dioxide to the liquid
E) using a sterile liquid and eliminating exposure to microorganisms

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea

A) use organic compounds for food.
B) are prokaryotic.
C) reproduce by binary fission.
D) lack nuclei.
E) have diverse cell wall compositions.

Question 5

A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT

A) ribosomes.
B) a cell membrane.
C) a nucleus.
D) a cell wall.
E) flagella.

Question 6

The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is

A) pathogen.
B) bacterium.
C) infection.
D) microbe.
E) virus.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?

A) archaea
B) eukarya
C) bacteria
D) animalia

Question 8

Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of

A) riboflavin.
B) acetone.
C) insulin.
D) aspirin.
E) riboflavin, acetone and insulin.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT associated with viruses?

A) nucleic acid
B) organelles
C) envelope
D) chemical reactions
E) protein coat

Question 10

Viruses are not considered living organisms because they

A) cannot reproduce by themselves.
B) can only be visualized using an electron microscope.
C) are structurally very simple.
D) are ubiquitous in nature.
E) are typically associated with disease.

Question 11

Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT

A) o₂ production.
B) infection.
C) smog production.
D) decomposition of organic material.
E) food production.

Question 12

Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT

A) mushroom.
B) yeast.
C) virus.
D) protozoan.
E) bacterium.

Question 13

Protozoan motility structures include

A) cilia.
B) flagella.
C) pseudopods.
D) cilia and pseudopods only.
E) cilia, flagella, and pseudopods.

Question 14

Figure 1.1 The bacterial shape of the cells in the scanning electron micrograph shown in Figure 1.1 would best be described as

A) spiral.
B) bacillus.
C) columnar.
D) ovoid.
E) coccus.

Question 15

In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the

A) genus.
B) domain name.
C) kingdom.
D) family name.
E) species.

Question 16

Who is credited with first observing cells?

A) Robert Koch
B) Robert Hooke
C) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D) Louis Pasteur
E) Carolus Linnaeus

Question 17

Commercial utilization of microbial products has become increasingly popular due to their environmentally friendly nature. Production of these products which are readily degraded and, thus, non-toxic typically utilizes

A) organic solvents.
B) alcohol.
C) organic acids.
D) enzymes.
E) soap.

Question 18

The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by

A) Ignaz Semmelweis.
B) Carolus Linnaeus.
C) Louis Pasteur.
D) Robert Koch.
E) Aristotle.

Question 19

The infectious agent that causes AIDS is a

A) virus.
B) protozoan.
C) bacterium.
D) mold.
E) yeast.

Question 20

Biogenesis refers to the

A) germ theory of disease.
B) spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter.
C) development of aseptic technique.
D) development of life forms from preexisting life forms.

Question 21

Recombinant DNA refers to the

A) study of the function of genes.
B) synthesis of proteins from genes.
C) interaction between human and bacterial cells.
D) study of bacterial ribosomes.
E) DNA resulting when genes from one organism are inserted into another organism.

Question 22

The first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Kochʹs postulates is to

A) compare the blood of a sick animal to blood obtained from a healthy animal.
B) culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium.
C) inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal.
D) obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.
E) isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals.

Question 23

In which of the following situations would Kochʹs postulates be utilized?

A) whenever the scientific method is used to investigate a microbiological problem
B) development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab
C) determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission
D) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab
E) determination of the cause of cancer in a patient

Question 24

Regarding Louis Pasteurʹs experiments with the S-neck flask, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) All preexisting microorganisms were killed.
B) A food source was provided.
C) Air exchange was involved.
D) The possibility of contamination was removed.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 25

Robert Koch identified the cause of

A) anthrax.
B) tuberculosis.
C) diphtheria.
D) AIDS.
E) smallpox.

Question 26

Which of the following findings was essential for Edward Jennerʹs vaccination process?

A) Someone who recovers from a disease will not acquire that disease again.
B) Exposure to a milder disease form may produce immunity.
C) Pathogenic microorganisms infect all humans and animals in the same manner.
D) Disease is caused by viruses.
E) A weakened microorganism will not cause disease.

Question 27

The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally disproved by

A) John Needham.
B) Louis Pasteur.
C) Francesco Redi.
D) Rudolf Virchow.
E) Lazzaro Spallanzani.

Question 28

The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as

A) fermentation.
B) pasteurization.
C) alcoholism.
D) lyophilization.
E) tyndallization.

Question 29

Molecular biology includes the study of

A) protein synthesis.
B) enzyme function.
C) RNA replication.
D) how genetic information directs protein synthesis.
E) DNA synthesis.

Question 30

Fungal infections are studied by

A) parasitologists.
B) herpetologists.
C) mycologists.
D) bacteriologists.
E) virologists.

Question 31

Which disease has been eliminated through the use of vaccines?

A) smallpox
B) measles
C) tuberculosis
D) influenza
E) rubella

Question 32

Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by

A) Semmelweis.
B) Pasteur.
C) Koch.
D) Lister.
E) Wasserman.

Question 33

Gene therapy is currently used to treat all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) LDL-receptor deficiency.
B) cystic fibrosis.
C) Duchenneʹs muscular dystrophy.
D) severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).
E) colon cancer.

Question 34

Penicillin was discovered by accident by

A) Alexander Fleming.
B) Joseph Lister.
C) Edward Jenner.
D) Robert Koch.
E) Paul Ehrich.

Question 35

Microorganisms are essential to our life. Each of the following is an example of a beneficial function of microorganisms EXCEPT

A) agriculture.
B) alternative fuel production.
C) gene therapy.
D) increased number of illnesses.
E) bioremediation.

Question 36

The major food producers for other living organisms is/are

A) higher plants.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) algae.
D) higher plants and algae.
E) higher plants, cyanobacteria, and algae.

Question 37

Mycology is the study of

A) molds.
B) mushrooms.
C) protozoa.
D) mycoplasma.
E) molds, yeast, and mushrooms.

Question 38

Who was the first scientist to pursue a ʺmagic bulletʺ that could be used to treat infectious disease?

A) Jenner
B) Semmelweis
C) Pasteur
D) Ehrlich
E) Lister

Question 39

The use of phenol (carbolic acid) as a wound disinfectant was first practiced by

A) Pasteur.
B) Lister.
C) Holmes.
D) Koch.
E) Semmelweis.

Question 40

Which physician is first associated with vaccination?

A) Ehrlich
B) Jenner
C) Escherich
D) Lister
E) Koch

Question 41

Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 42

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first microbiologist to use a microscope to examine environmental samples for the presence of microorganisms.

Question 43

Microbes are associated with life-sustaining benefits as well as life-threatening diseases.

Question 44

What is an emerging disease, and what are some of the sources for these ʺnewʺ infectious diseases?

Question 45

All pathogens known to infect humans have been identified at this point in time.

Question 46

Infectious disease is almost totally eradicated in our world.

Question 47

All cells possess a cell wall.

Question 48

Explain the germ theory of disease and discuss why this theory is essential to the treatment of infectious disease.

Question 49

Which of the following statements about biofilms is FALSE?

A) Biofilms on medical devices cause infections.
B) Biofilms in pipes can block the flow of water.
C) Biofilms on rocks provide food for animal life.
D) Compared to free-living bacteria, biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics.
E) Biofilms in your body protect mucous membranes from harmful microbes.

Question 50

What was the function and importance of S-necked flasks in Louis Pasteurʹs experiments in disproving spontaneous generation?

Question 51

Recombinant DNA technology has become an increasingly important part of our life. It is used for all of the following EXCEPT

A) enhancing food longevity.
B) increasing the nutritional value of food.
C) drug production.
D) vaccine production.
E) synthesis of water.

Question 52

Development of emerging infectious disease can be a result of all of the following EXCEPT

A) modern transportation.
B) overuse of antibiotics.
C) use of genetically modified foods.
D) changes in the environment.
E) microbial mutation.

Question 53

The process of pasteurization to reduce food spoilage utilizes high heat to kill all bacteria present.

Question 54

A student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high -power lens, he observes several cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are NOT bacteria.

Question 55

Spontaneous generation refers to living cells arising only from other living cells.

Question 56

Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations EXCEPT the

A) upper respiratory system.
B) skin.
C) mouth.
D) blood.
E) colon.