Deck 24: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Question 1

Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin?

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Bordetella pertussis
E) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir?

A) psittacosis  parakeets
B) histoplasmosis  soil
C) coccidioidomycosis  air
D) tuberculosis  cattle
E) pneumocystis  humans

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) otitis media  earache
B) sinusitis  headache and nasal mucous
C) epiglottitis  sore throat
D) laryngitis  voice loss
E) pharyngitis  sore throat

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) Bordetella  gram-negative pleomorphic rod
B) Mycoplasma  gram-positive pleomorphic rod
C) Haemophilus  gram-negative rod
D) Corynebacterium  gram-positive rod
E) Mycobacterium  acid-fast rod

Question 5

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) psittacosis  Chlamydia
B) melioidosis  Burkholderia
C) whooping cough  Bordetella
D) Q fever  Rickettsia
E) epiglottitis  Haemophilus

Question 6

All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT

A) current tuberculosis infection.
B) being near someone with tuberculosis.
C) vaccination.
D) immunity to tuberculosis.
E) previous tuberculosis infection.

Question 7

Which of the following diseases has a cutaneous form, especially in individuals over 30 years of age?

A) psittacosis
B) diphtheria
C) legionellosis
D) coccidioidomycosis
E) scarlet fever

Question 8

Members of the group A streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following EXCEPT

A) rheumatic fever.
B) epiglottitis.
C) strep throat.
D) pharyngitis.
E) scarlet fever.

Question 9

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C) Bordetella pertussis
D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
E) respiratory syncytial virus

Question 10

Which one of the following is an irregular, gram-positive rod?

A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Pneumocystis jirovecii
C) Burkholderia pseudomallei
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 11

Which of the following requires treatment with both antibiotics and antitoxins?

A) psittacosis
B) scarlet fever
C) diphtheria
D) tuberculosis
E) whooping cough

Question 12

Which of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE?

A) Treatment is tetracyclines.
B) Annual vaccination can prevent infection.
C) The causative agent cannot be cultured.
D) The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia.
E) The causative agent is a virus.

Question 13

The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT

A) the ciliary escalator.
B) alveolar macrophages.
C) mucous secretions.
D) IgA antibodies.
E) competition with the normal flora of the lungs.

Question 14

Which of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis?

A) Influenza virus
B) Legionella
C) Mycoplasma
D) Coccidioides
E) Histoplasma

Question 15

All of the following are true of the common cold EXCEPT

A) it is transmitted via aerosols and contact.
B) early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms.
C) complications include laryngitis and otitis media.
D) the duration of symptoms is approximately one week.
E) it is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.

Question 16

Which of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients?

A) Pneumocystis
B) Mucor
C) Rhizopus
D) Aspergillus
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine?

A) diphtheria  toxoid
B) pneumococcal pneumonia  capsular polysaccharides
C) whooping cough  heat-killed bacteria
D) influenza  viruses grown in embryonated eggs
E) tuberculosis  toxoid

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?

A) muscle aches
B) fever
C) headache
D) chills
E) diarrhea

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT cause otitis media?

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Moraxella catarrhalis
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) Coxiella burnetii
E) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 20

Infection by which of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes?

A) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
B) Blastomyces dermatidis
C) Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Bordetella pertussis
E) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 21

A patient has pneumonia. Gram-negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum sample. The etiology is

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Chlamydophila psittaci.
C) Haemophilus influenzae.
D) Burkholderia pseudomallei.
E) Legionella pneumophila.

Question 22

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick-walled cysts. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Blastomyces
B) Coccidioides
C) Histoplasma
D) Mycobacterium
E) Pneumocystis

Question 23

A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having

A) streptococcal pharyngitis.
B) scarlet fever.
C) the common cold.
D) diphtheria.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 24

The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Bordetella
B) Streptococcus
C) Corynebacterium
D) Rhinovirus
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 25

All of the following are used as first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT

A) ethambutol.
B) fluoroquinolones.
C) isoniazid.
D) rifampin.
E) pyrazinamide.

Question 26

The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Bordetella
B) Corynebacterium
C) Mycobacterium
D) Haemophilus
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 27

A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Bordetella
B) Mycoplasma
C) Corynebacterium
D) Mycobacterium
E) Burkholderia

Question 28

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) Chlamydophila  psittacosis
B) Coxiella  Q fever
C) Mycobacterium  whooping cough
D) Mycoplasma  walking pneumonia
E) Burkholderia  melioidosis

Question 29

Which of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses?

A) Blastomyces
B) Mycoplasma
C) Streptococcus
D) Staphylococcus
E) Coccidioides

Question 30

Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which of the following organisms?

A) Coccidioides
B) Chlamydophila
C) Streptococcus
D) Mycoplasma
E) Blastomyces

Question 31

The most effective means of preventing influenza is

A) annual vaccination.
B) vector control.
C) administration of amantadine.
D) pasteurization of milk.
E) isolation of carriers.

Question 32

Soil is a reservoir for all of the following EXCEPT

A) blastomycosis.
B) melioidosis.
C) Q fever.
D) histoplasmosis.
E) coccidioidomycosis.

Question 33

All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT

A) Blastomyces.
B) Coccidioides.
C) Histoplasma.
D) Mycobacterium.
E) Pneumocystis.

Question 34

The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918 -1919 were

A) members of the military.
B) young adults.
C) residents of Spain; therefore, it was known as the ʺSpanish Flu.ʺ
D) infants and the elderly.
E) residents of the U.S.

Question 35

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Blastomyces
B) Coccidioides
C) Histoplasma
D) Mycobacterium
E) Pneumocystis

Question 36

Infection by which of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia?

A) Mycobacterium
B) Streptococcus
C) Blastomyces
D) Mycoplasma
E) Coccidioides

Question 37

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen?

A) Legionella
B) Histoplasma
C) Mycoplasma
D) Pneumocystis
E) rhinovirus

Question 38

Which of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE?

A) At least 1/3 of those who are TB-positive are also HIV-positive.
B) Nearly 1/3 of the worldʹs population shows symptoms of tuberculosis.
C) It is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths per year.
D) Treatment requires at least six months of antibiotic therapy.
E) Nearly 1/3 of the worldʹs population is infected with tuberculosis.

Question 39

The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A) Corynebacterium
B) Bordetella
C) Haemophilus
D) Mycobacterium
E) RSV

Question 40

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash?

A) Coccidioides
B) Mycoplasma
C) Blastomyces
D) Streptococcus
E) RSV

Question 41

The most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 42

Which one of the following produces small ʺfried-eggʺ colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract?

A) Legionella
B) Chlamydophila
C) Mycoplasma
D) Mycobacterium
E) Streptococcus

Question 43

Which of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants?

A) rhinovirus
B) respiratory syncytial virus
C) influenza
D) Mycoplasma
E) adenovirus

Question 44

A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis.

Question 45

Infections with Legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air conditioning systems, showers, and humidifiers.

Question 46

Most cases of sinusitis and otitis media will not resolve unless they are treated with antibiotics.

Question 47

It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract.

Question 48

Vaccination with the influenza vaccine confers lifelong immunity to influenza virus.

Question 49

A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has

A) mycoplasmal pneumonia.
B) pneumococcal pneumonia.
C) influenza.
D) the common cold.
E) tuberculosis.

Question 50

Using diphtheria and whooping cough as examples, discuss why it is necessary to continue to vaccinate against diseases that are relatively rare in the U.S. today.

Question 51

Compare and contrast antigenic shift and antigenic drift in influenza virus. How do antigenic shifts and drifts contribute to the need for annual vaccinations to prevent influenza?

Question 52

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia, also known as ʺwalking pneumonia.ʺ

Question 53

Coccidioides immitis causes Valley fever, a disease that is endemic to the Mississippi Valley.

Question 54

Pneumonia is diagnosed by the presence of fluid (dark shadows in an X -ray image) in the alveoli. Given that pneumonia usually is caused by a microorganism, what causes the fluid accumulation? Name a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, a protozoan, and a helminth that can cause pneumonia.

Question 55

The symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells.

Question 56

Risks for Q fever include contact with infected cattle and drinking unpasteurized milk.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?

A) Influenza virus
B) Chlamydophila
C) RSV
D) Coxiella
E) Coccidioides

Question 58

Legionella is transmitted by

A) vectors.
B) airborne transmission.
C) person-to-person contact.
D) fomites.
E) foodborne transmission.