Deck 23: Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Which of the following is a symptom of brucellosis?

A) relapsing fever
B) pneumonia
C) jaundice
D) gastroenteritis
E) undulant fever

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of anthrax?

A) septic
B) gastrointestinal
C) inhalationial
D) cutaneous
E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are recognized forms of anthrax.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is FALSE?

A) The reservoir is cats.
B) It is caused by a protozoan.
C) It can be congenital.
D) It is transmitted by the gastrointestinal route.
E) It is a severe illness in adults.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following statements about sepsis is FALSE?

A) It usually is caused by gram-positive bacteria.
B) It may be aggravated by antibiotics.
C) It can be treated with antibiotics.
D) Symptoms include fever and decreased blood pressure.
E) Lymphangitis may occur.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is FALSE?

A) It is rarely fatal, even when untreated.
B) It is a complication of a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
C) The incidence has declined in the last ten years.
D) It is an inflammation of the joints.
E) It is an inflammation of the heart.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about schistosomiasis is FALSE?

A) The female worm lives in a groove that runs down the body of the male.
B) The cercariae penetrate human skin.
C) They symptoms are caused by immune reactions to the eggs shed in the human host.
D) It is caused by a roundworm.
E) The intermediate host is an aquatic snail.

Question 7

Which of the following bacterial infections CANNOT be transmitted by dog or cat bites?

A) Pasteurella multocida
B) Bartonella henselae
C) Fusobacterium
D) Streptobacillus
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these bacterial infections can be transmitted by dog or cat bites.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT typically treated with penicillin?

A) patients at risk for rheumatic fever
B) rat-bite fever
C) serious wounds at risk for gas gangrene
D) tularemia
E) puerperal sepsis

Question 9

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Francisella  gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacillus
B) Rickettsia  intracellular parasite
C) Brucella  gram-negative aerobic rods
D) Bacillus  gram-positive endospore-forming rods
E) None of the pairs is mismatched.

Question 10

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) epidemic typhus  Pediculus (louse)
B) Rocky Mountain spotted fever  Dermacentor (tick)
C) malaria  Anopheles (mosquito)
D) encephalitis  Ixodes (tick)
E) dengue  Aedes (mosquito)

Question 11

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) acute bacterial endocarditis  Staphylococcus aureus
B) Burkittʹs lymphoma  Epstein-Barr virus
C) subacute bacterial endocarditis  alpha-hemolytic streptococci
D) pericarditis  Streptococcus pyogenes
E) puerperal sepsis  Staphylococcus aureus

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT transmitted in raw milk?

A) listeriosis
B) anthrax
C) brucellosis
D) toxoplasmosis
E) All of these can be transmitted in raw milk.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about puerperal sepsis is FALSE?

A) It is a complication of abortion or childbirth.
B) Its frequency of occurrence has decreased because of antibiotics and aseptic techniques.
C) It is transmitted from mother to fetus.
D) It is caused by health care personnel.
E) It begins as a focal infection.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?

A) is gram-positive
B) produces endotoxins
C) forms endospores
D) found in soil
E) is aerobic

Question 15

A patient presents with inflammation of the heart valves, fever, malaise, and subcutaneous nodules at joints. The recommended treatment is

A) praziquantel.
B) supportive care.
C) chloroquine.
D) streptomycin.
E) hyperbaric chamber.

Question 16

Unsanitary and crowded conditions increase the incidence of all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) plague.
B) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
C) endemic murine typhus.
D) epidemic typhus.
E) relapsing fever.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about tularemia is FALSE?

A) It occurs only in California.
B) It may be transmitted by arthropods.
C) The most common reservoir is rabbits.
D) It is caused by Francisella tularensis.
E) It may be transmitted by direct contact.

Question 18

Which of the following pairs does NOT apply to Chagasʹ disease?

A) treatment  nifurtimox
B) vector  kissing bug
C) reservoir  rodents
D) causative agent  Trypanosoma cruzi
E) diagnosis of acute phase  serological tests for antibodies

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium?

A) malaria
B) epidemic typhus
C) plague
D) tickborne typhus
E) relapsing fever

Question 20

The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT

A) microbial fermentation.
B) endocarditis
C) hyaluronidase.
D) necrotizing exotoxins.
E) proteolytic enzymes.

Question 21

Human-to-human transmission of plague is usually by

A) the respiratory route.
B) rat flea.
C) unsanitary conditions.
D) wounds.
E) dog flea.

Question 22

Which of the following produces a permanent carrier state following infection?

A) Spirillum
B) cytomegalovirus
C) Toxoplasma
D) Borrelia
E) Yersinia

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis?

A) puerperal sepsis
B) brucellosis
C) Hantavirus infection
D) anthrax
E) tularemia

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT treated with antibiotics?

A) anthrax
B) Ebola
C) tularemia
D) plague
E) Lyme disease

Question 25

Which of the following pairs regarding the epidemiology of malaria is mismatched?

A) etiology  Plasmodium
B) diagnosis  presence of merozoites
C) vector  Ixodes
D) treatment  chloroquine when possible
E) found in liver  sporozoites

Question 26

Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated in all of the following EXCEPT

A) infectious mononucleosis.
B) endocarditis.
C) nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
D) Burkittʹs lymphoma.
E) Hodgkinʹs disease.

Question 27

Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction?

A) Lyme disease  gram-negative
B) tularemia  gram-negative
C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever  gram-negative
D) Ehrlichia  gram-positive
E) anthrax  gram-positive

Question 28

A predisposing factor for infection by Clostridium perfringens is

A) debridement.
B) an infected finger.
C) gangrene.
D) hyperbaric treatment.
E) burns.

Question 29

Which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta?

A) Yersinia
B) anthrax
C) Borrelia
D) Spirillum
E) cytomegalovirus

Question 30

Arthropods can serve as a reservoir for all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) yellow fever.
B) plague.
C) epidemic typhus.
D) malaria.
E) brucellosis.

Question 31

Scrapings from a patientʹs rash reveal cercariae. The disease is most likely

A) relapsing fever.
B) Lyme disease.
C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
D) swimmerʹs itch.
E) Chagasʹ disease.

Question 32

Which of the following is the same for both relapsing fever and undulant fever?

A) etiology
B) reservoir
C) presence of rash
D) rising and falling body temperature
E) mode of transmission

Question 33

Which of the following CANNOT be transmitted to humans from domestic cats?

A) Bartonella
B) Chagasʹ disease
C) plague
D) toxoplasmosis
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these diseases can be transmitted to humans from domestic cats.

Question 34

You advise your pregnant friend to not adopt a new kitten from her neighbor because she could contract

A) infectious mononucleosis.
B) toxoplasmosis.
C) listeriosis.
D) plague.
E) Brukittʹs Lymphoma.

Question 35

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Spirillum  rat-bite fever
B) Pasteurella  cat-scratch disease
C) Streptobacillus  rat-bite fever
D) Yersinia  plague
E) Borrelia  relapsing fever

Question 36

Which of the following leads to all the others?

A) breakage of capillaries
B) presence of antirickettsial antibodies
C) bacterial growth in endothelial cells
D) blockage of capillaries
E) subcutaneous hemorrhaging

Question 37

A patient returning from an extended trip into Mexico has the following symptoms: a papule at the site of a previous bug bite and enlarged lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the papule reveals nucleated cells in white blood cells. The patient most likely has

A) schistosomiasis.
B) anthrax.
C) brucellosis.
D) malaria.
E) leishmaniasis.

Question 38

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) tularemia  a localized infection appearing as a small ulcer
B) cat-scratch disease  malignant pustule developing into septicemia
C) Borrelia  rash and flulike
D) brucellosis  a temperature of 40°C each evening
E) toxoplasmosis  congenital brain damage

Question 39

A patient complains of fever, severe muscle and joint pain, and a rash. The patient reports returning from a Caribbean vacation one week ago. Which of the following do you suspect?

A) Lassa fever
B) dengue
C) yellow fever
D) Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever
E) typhus

Question 40

A characteristic symptom of plague is

A) nausea and vomiting.
B) small red spots on the skin.
C) rose-colored spots.
D) swollen lymph nodes.
E) recurrent fever.

Question 41

The most likely primary site of replication during mononucleosis is the B lymphocyte.

Question 42

Neonatal sepsis is most commonly caused by group A streptococci.

Question 43

Tularemia is considered to be a potential bioterrorism agent due its high infective dose.

Question 44

Which of the following statements about group B streptococci is FALSE?

A) They cause gram-positive sepsis.
B) They are present in healthy carriers.
C) They cause neonatal sepsis.
D) They are classified as Streptococcus agalactiae.
E) They cause strep throat.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT controlled by a mosquito eradication program?

A) yellow fever
B) schistosomiasis
C) dengue fever
D) chikungunya fever
E) malaria

Question 46

Lymph contains red blood cells.

Question 47

Yellow fever and chikungunya fever are not currently endemic in the United States. Is it possible that they could become established in the future? What factors would play a role? Be sure to include a comparison of the causative agents and vectors in your answer.

Question 48

On June 1, a 32-year-old hiker was bitten by a tick. After one week, he noticed an erythrematous ring at the location of the bite. Four weeks later, a physician found a large, macular, centrifugally spreading ring. During the next month, it expanded to 35 cm and faded. Over the next 2.5 years, the man experienced recurrent inflammation of a knee. Identify the periods of incubation, prodromal, illness, and decline. What is the etiology? What caused the symptoms? What treatment should have been administered in July? What treatment should be administered two years later?

Question 49

All lymph that returns to the heart must pass through at least one lymph node.

Question 50

Pathogens must be blood-borne in order to initiate sepsis.

Question 51

Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection?

A) transmitted by ticks
B) treatable with penicillin
C) affected mostly children
D) accompanied by a rash
E) not contagious

Question 52

All forms of typhus are associated with arthropod vectors.

Question 53

Brucella bacteria are considered a potential agent of bioterrorism because

A) it causes ulcerating lesions of the skin.
B) they are not susceptible to antibiotics.
C) infection causes a fever.
D) they easily become airborne.
E) it is a endospore-forming organism.

Question 54

Netting modified for sandflies should also be useful in preventing malaria.

Question 55

All viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have been confined to the Eastern Hemisphere.

Question 56

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is commonly the result of infections initially focused on the oral cavity.

Question 57

Worldwide, which disease is the most serious public health threat: malaria, Chagasʹ disease, or brucellosis? Explain why, and provide a plan to reduce the incidence of the disease.

Question 58

A 62-year-old man was hospitalized with an eight-day history of fever, chills, sweats, and vomiting. His temperature on admission was 40°C (104°F). A routine peripheral blood smear revealed ring-shaped bodies in the RBCs. What treatment would you prescribe?

A) no treatment
B) mefloquine
C) penicillin
D) streptomycin
E) hyperbaric oxygen

Question 59

Humans are not the normal hosts for Ixodes and Xenopsylla. How, then, do humans contract Lyme disease and plague?