Deck 3: Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Archaea and Bacteria are prokaryotic domains.
B) Eukarya is a eukaryotic domain.
C) Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
D) Eukaryotes have a much simpler genetic makeup than prokaryotic cells.
E) Prokaryotes are unicellular and lack a membrane- bound nucleus.

Answer 1

Eukaryotes have a much simpler genetic makeup than prokaryotic cells.

Question 2

In order to maintain a fluid plasma membrane in cold conditions, bacteria commonly have

A) phospholipids less concentrated.
B) phospholipids more concentrated.
C) more short unsaturated fatty acids in their phospholipids.
D) more cholesterol in their phospholipids.
E) more longer saturated fatty acids in their phospholipids.

Answer 2

more short unsaturated fatty acids in their phospholipids.

Question 3

How does the cell wall of bacteria and archaea differ?

A) Bacteria use pseudopeptidoglycan.
B) Bacteria use peptidoglycan.
C) Archaea have little diversity in the makeup of their cell walls.
D) Archaea use peptidoglycan.
E) Bacteria have a lot of diversity in the makeup of their cell walls.

Answer 3

Bacteria use peptidoglycan.

Question 4

Why are Gram- negative bacteria more resistant than Gram- positive bacteria to damage by certain chemical agents like lysozyme?

A) Gram- negative bacteria lack a cell wall.
B) Gram- negative bacteria contain peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
C) Gram- negative bacteria have a thicker layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
D) Gram- negative bacteria have an outer membrane as part of their cell wall.
E) Gram- negative bacteria have porins.

Question 5

Membrane proteins perform all of the following functions except

A) anchors.
B) blocks.
C) enzymes.
D) transporters.
E) receptors.

Question 6

Which of the following arrangements is sometimes referred to as having a beads- on- a- string appearance?

A) palisade
B) streptococci
C) staphylococci
D) streptobacilli
E) diplococci

Question 7

How are L- forms different than Mycoplasma bacteria?

A) L- forms live inside plant cells.
B) L- forms are susceptible to antibiotics that target the cell wall.
C) L- forms have never had a cell wall.
D) L- forms are resistant to certain environmental stresses like boiling and autoclaving.
E) L- forms live inside animal cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is incorrect when E. coli cause a UTI?

A) As the infection progresses, E. coli pass through a stage where they appear as cocci.
B) It is believed that E. coli avoid the host immune response by assuming a filamentous form.
C) When infection has been established, the E. coli return to being motile rods that swim away from biofilms to perpetuate infections.
D) Within the first few hours of invading host tissues, E. coli cells triple in size.
E) When inside host cells, E. coli exist as nonmotile rods.

Question 9

How does the plasma membrane of bacteria and archaea differ?

A) Bacteria build only lipid monolayers.
B) Archaea have phospholipids built from branched fatty acids.
C) Bacteria have phospholipids built from branched fatty acids.
D) Archaea have phospholipids built from linear fatty acids.
E) Archaea build only lipid monolayers.

Question 10

How can cells increase the fluidity of their plasma membrane?

A) integrating steroid- based lipids like cholesterol in membranes
B) shorter phospholipids in the plasma membrane
C) a lower proportion of unsaturated fats in the fatty acid portion of phospholipids
D) remove double bonds in the hydrocarbon backbone
E) move to colder temperatures

Question 11

The ability of certain bacterial cells to take on different cell shapes is known as

A) pallidic.
B) pleomorphic.
C) pyloric.
D) fission.
E) meiosis.

Question 12

In which of the following environments do Gram- negative bacteria have an advantage?

A) dry environment
B) wet environment
C) abrasive environment
D) mechanical crushing
E) needing to adhere to a host

Question 13

Cell shape is determined by which of the following?

A) cell wall and cytoskeleton components
B) whether or not the species uses a flagellum
C) the way cells divide
D) whether or not the species is pathogenic
E) the way cells move through their media

Question 14

Most prokaryotic cells reproduce

A) by meiosis.
B) by binary fission.
C) extremely quickly.
D) sexually.
E) by mitosis.

Question 15

Which of the following cell shapes look like a comma?

A) vibrio
B) coccobacilli
C) spirochetes
D) bacilli
E) stella

Question 16

Why aren't Archaea discussed as much as bacteria?

A) Archaea haven't been linked to human diseases.
B) Archaea are not part of the human microbiome.
C) Archaea are only found in a few limited environments.
D) Archaea infections are easy to treat.
E) Archaea only live in extreme environments.

Question 17

Which type of cellular transport uses transport proteins and moves substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

A) phosphotransferase system
B) primary active transport
C) secondary active transport
D) simple diffusion
E) facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Why is it so difficult to kill acid- fast bacteria?

A) The bacteria are very motile and can travel to areas with a lower concentration of hazardous chemicals.
B) Mycolic acid makes it very difficult for nutrients and gases to enter or exit cells.
C) The acid in the bacteria denatures most antibiotics before they can work.
D) They are just as difficult to kill as Gram- positive bacteria.
E) The bacteria are able to quickly break down several types of antibiotics before the concentration can reach dangerous levels.

Question 19

Why is the acid- fast stain clinically useful?

A) It identifies the causative agents of leprosy and tuberculosis.
B) It identifies the causative agent of certain fungal infections.
C) It confirms the results of the Gram stain.
D) It confirms that a single dose of antibiotics is enough to kill the bacteria.
E) It identifies the causative agent of strep throat and Scarlet fever.

Question 20

Why are most prokaryotic cells small?

A) Nutrient diffusion is most efficient for smaller cells.
B) A low surface area- to- volume ratio helps smaller cells divide easier.
C) A high surface area- to- volume ratio helps smaller cells divide easier.
D) Storage bodies within a cell enable cells to be small so they need less nutrients.
E) Intracellular inclusions demand that cell size be small.

Question 21

70S is the sedimentation rate of which of the following?

A) prokaryotic cells, chloroplasts and mitochondria
B) prokaryotic cells
C) eukaryotic cells, chloroplasts and mitochondria
D) eukaryotic cells
E) chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 22

Which of the following is true about endospores?

A) Endospores are considered reproductive structures.
B) Endospores are metabolically active structures.
C) Endospores are highly resistant to environmental stress such as heat, drying, freezing, and radiation.
D) Endospores are only viable for a short time.
E) Endospores are susceptible to various chemicals.

Question 23

Bacteria that have flagella at both poles of the cell are described as amphitrichous.

Question 24

What happens when you place a bacterial cell into a hypertonic solution?

A) lysis
B) plasmolysis
C) no effect on the cell
D) The cell will burst.
E) The cell will swell.

Question 25

Gram- positive bacteria stain purple when the Gram stain is complete.

Question 26

Which of the following does not enable bacterial endospores to be heat resistant?

A) exosporium
B) low water content
C) spore coat
D) high amount of dipicolinic acid
E) peptidoglycan

Question 27

Spirochetes move in a corkscrew- rotary motion due to a specialized periplasmic flagellum.

Question 28

What term most correctly describes when energy released by the flow of an ion from high to low concentration fuels the transport of an unrelated substance from low to high concentration but in the same direction?

A) symport
B) antiport
C) primary active transport
D) phosphotransferase system
E) tertiary active transport

Question 29

Binary fission is more complicated than mitosis.

Question 30

Bacteria that have flagella distributed all over the cell surface are described as (having)

A) periplasmic flagella.
B) monotrichous.
C) lophotrichous.
D) peritrichous.
E) amphitrichous.

Question 31

Which of the following is not an example of an inclusion body?

A) carboxysomes
B) poly- fi- hydroxybutyrate
C) magnetosomes
D) glycogen
E) endosomes

Question 32

The genetic material of bacteria can be found in the

A) nucleoid.
B) nucleolus.
C) nucleus.
D) cytoskeleton.
E) nucleosome.

Question 33

Which of the following structures allow bacteria to transfer genetic information through conjugation?

A) capsule
B) slime layer
C) pili
D) glycocalyx
E) fimbriae

Question 34

Prokaryotic cells that move in response to oxygen levels are said to display chemotaxis.

Question 35

Which of the following is false about the bacterial cytoskeleton?

A) The bacterial cytoskeleton acts as scaffolding to organize cell division.
B) The bacterial cytoskeleton contains actin and tubulin proteins.
C) The bacterial cytoskeleton directs the construction of the rigid cell wall.
D) The bacterial cytoskeleton provides an overall general organization to the cytoplasm for a variety of biochemical processes.
E) The bacterial cytoskeleton is composed of long protein filaments.

Question 36

Short, bristle- like structures that extrude from the cell surface are called

A) flagella.
B) cilia.
C) mating bridges.
D) pili.
E) fimbriae.

Question 37

What is the function of a carboxysome?

A) fix carbon
B) protect against oxygen radicals
C) store energy
D) store carbon
E) acts as a magnetic compass to guide bacteria

Question 38

Which of the following structures do not help the bacteria adhere to surfaces?

A) slime layer
B) capsule
C) pili
D) flagella
E) fimbriae

Question 39

Periplasmic flagella are unlike most flagella because they

A) are located in the space between the plasma membrane and the peptidoglycan.
B) have fibers that stick into the cytoplasm for a better hold.
C) are located in the space between the peptidoglycan and the outer membrane.
D) move their flagella in a clockwise direction.
E) move their flagella in a counter- clockwise direction.

Question 40

Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

A) Prokaryotic ribosomes have a lower overall mass and diameter than eukaryotic ribosomes.
B) Prokaryotic ribosomes are also easily differentiated from eukaryotic ribosomes based on chemical composition.
C) Ribosomes are organelles made of RNA and carbohydrates.
D) Ribosomes build amino acids by linking together nucleic acids.
E) Antibiotics often take advantage of functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.

Question 41

A capsule is one type of glycocalyx that is fairly unorganized and loosely associated with the cell wall.

Question 42

Without using chemical agents, name two examples of how the bacterial cell wall can be damaged that would result in Gram- positive bacteria showing a Gram- negative result.

Question 43

If you were to design a pathogenic bacteria, justify why your bacteria would be Gram- positive or Gram- negative.

Question 44

Explain the steps of binary fission.

Question 45

What about Pseudomonas aeruginosa makes it especially problematic in burn victims and cystic fibrosis patients?

Question 46

Bacteria that have periplasmic flagella always have a spirochete shape.

Question 47

A bacteria's DNA can be found in the nucleus of the cell.