Deck 5: Ethnicity and Religion

Question 1

Which of the following examples illustrates the principle of third-generation interest?

A) Marge, the CEO of a newly established company, enforces equal-opportunity practices for employment in her company and does not discriminate based on age, gender, race, or nationality.
B) Vincent, a French national, studies in England and celebrates the festivals of both France and England.
C) Tim, while giving a speech in his school, quotes some text from the Bible.
D) Jenny, an American citizen with Polish grandparents, feels at home with the American culture, but insists on staying in touch with her ethnicity by learning Polish.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Race is considered to be ________.

A) a biological phenomenon
B) socially constructed
C) a concept of the functional perspective
D) based on creationism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the context of ethnicity and religion, being White, as opposed to being Black or Asian is characterized by ________.

A) differing in language and religious worship
B) being more conscious of a racial identity
C) being a member of the dominant group
D) refuting the color-blind approach

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The Irish immigrants to the United States were characterized by their ________.

A) inability to assume high positions in church
B) withdrawal from the lower classes and slaves
C) reluctance to accept formal schooling as essential to success
D) tendency to settle in coastal cities and work in mines

Question 5

Derek relocates to a foreign country because of his job. His family members feel that Derek has blended completely into the foreign country's culture and maintains very few ethnic characteristics. Which of the following features of ethnicity is shown in the given scenario?

A) symbolic ethnicity
B) the principle of third-generation interest
C) racial privilege
D) the deficit model of ethnic identity

Question 6

The lower-class Irish immigrants left behind by other Irish immigrants and their children who moved into more affluent urban areas in the United States were referred to as the ________.

A) lace-curtain Irish
B) Irish Protestants
C) Irish nativists
D) shanty Irish

Question 7

Pierre, a Catholic, is a citizen of the United States. However, he was born in a different country and considers himself to be part of the cultures of both the countries. Which of the following features of ethnicity is shown in this scenario?

A) Hansen's principle
B) the third-generation principle
C) White privilege
D) a blended identity

Question 8

Eating ethnic food and acknowledging ceremonial holidays such as St. Patrick's Day are examples of ________.

A) the principle of third-generation interest
B) the deficit model of ethnic identity
C) ethnic paradox
D) symbolic ethnicity

Question 9

The cultural influence of the ________ immigrants was so apparent in the history of America that publications of the proceedings of the Continental Congress were published in their native language in addition to being published in English.

A) German
B) Italian
C) Polish
D) Irish

Question 10

________ is the largest single source of ancestry of people in the United States today.

A) Ireland
B) Africa
C) Germany
D) Austria

Question 11

Which of the following is true of ethnicity?

A) Maintaining ethnicity ensures that the level of assimilation into the dominant culture is limited.
B) Ethnicity gives continuity with the past in the form of an effective or emotional tie.
C) Members of ethnic groups do not maintain in-group solidarity after leaving ethnic communities.
D) Fraternal organizations fail to preserve associations between ethnics who are separated geographically.

Question 12

A person exhibiting symbolic ethnicity is more likely to ________.

A) support the literal interpretation of the bible
B) acknowledge ceremonial holidays
C) follow only those practices that are part of the dominant culture
D) reject assimilation

Question 13

Priya is a foreign national residing in the United States. She likes to stay in touch with her roots and dresses traditionally on special occasions. Given this information, Priya is exhibiting ________.

A) symbolic ethnicity
B) ethnic paradox
C) denomination
D) intelligent design

Question 14

James, an American citizen, moves to a foreign country. He adjusts to the new culture and also retains some elements of American culture. This assists his assimilation into the new culture. This is an example of ________.

A) civil religion
B) intelligent design
C) secessionism
D) ethnic paradox

Question 15

The ________ immigrants established themselves as the political founders of the United States, and also defined what it meant to be White.

A) English
B) German
C) Latin American
D) Italian

Question 16

Early Irish immigrants favored Protestantism and were united in their hatred of Catholicism. Which of the following statements describes the attitude of the early Irish immigrants?

A) They were against religious pluralism.
B) They opposed the concept of intelligent design.
C) They believed in the idea of creationism.
D) They advocated the maintenance of an ethnic paradox.

Question 17

Research on ________ indicates that many grandchildren of immigrants want to study their ancestors' language and learn about their ethnic group's history.

A) the principle of third-generation interest
B) White privilege
C) the deficit model of ethnic identity
D) symbolic ethnicity

Question 18

According to historian Noel Ignatiev's observation, the study of Whiteness is a necessary stage to ________.

A) the reinforcement of White racial superiority
B) the abolition of Whiteness
C) an understanding of Whiteness as a subordinate status
D) an understanding of a color-blind society

Question 19

_______ is associated with rediscovering ethnicity.

A) Intelligent design
B) The third-generation principle
C) Color-blind racism
D) The principle of creationism

Question 20

Which of the following events was a major factor that resulted in an increase in the number of Irish immigrants to the United States?

A) the potato famine
B) the yellow peril
C) World War I
D) political unrest

Question 21

In a university that consists of students from different nationalities, the management insists on remaining neutral toward people of different faiths while allowing them to follow their own faith. In this case, the management is supporting the principle of ________.

A) ethnic paradox
B) intelligent design
C) civil religion
D) creationism

Question 22

The first few generations of Italian Americans differed from other immigrants in that they ________.

A) settled in cities further inland and worked in mines as low-skilled laborers
B) played a less prominent role in the American revolution
C) focused on acquiring advanced degrees and entering professions
D) rose through the social classes by acquiring skills in low-skilled occupations

Question 23

________ owes its existence in the United States to the First Amendment declaration that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."

A) Religious pluralism
B) Creationism
C) Assimilation
D) Civil religion

Question 24

The largest denomination in the United States is ________.

A) Judaism
B) Islam
C) Protestantism
D) Catholicism

Question 25

An individual belonging to a secessionist minority group is most likely to ________.

A) come into conflict with outside society because of his or her way of life
B) embrace the religious dimension that merges public life with sacred beliefs
C) believe in a divine hand in the creation of life
D) support the literal interpretation of the Bible

Question 26

According to the functionalist perspective, civil religion in the United States ________.

A) rejects assimilation and coexistence in some form of cultural pluralism
B) reinforces Central American values that may be more expressly patriotic than sacred in nature
C) promotes the literal interpretation of the Bible
D) discounts the idea that life is complex and could only have been created by a higher intelligence

Question 27

Italian Americans differed from Irish immigrants in that Italian Americans ________.

A) focused on acquiring advanced degrees and entering professions
B) did not migrate during the colonial period
C) were slow to accept formal schooling as essential to success
D) viewed themselves in terms of their village or province

Question 28

The continued portrayal of Italian Americans as gangsters is an example of ________.

A) ethnocentrism
B) respectable bigotry
C) nativism
D) social mobility

Question 29

A person who supports civil religion is likely to ________.

A) advocate religious teachings of larger denominations
B) judge people on the basis of their religious preferences
C) affiliate himself or herself to a specific religious denomination
D) coexist in peace with people of different faiths

Question 30

The most obvious distinguishing factor among Polish Americans is ________.

A) their blue-collar and white-collar distinction
B) the presence of Polish-speaking and German-speaking Polish Americans
C) their Jewish-Catholic distinction
D) the presence of rural and urban Polish Americans

Question 31

The idea of the presence of a divine hand in the creation of life as an explanation of life's complexity is called ________.

A) intelligent design
B) creationism
C) denomination
D) ethnic paradox

Question 32

Which of the following is true of Irish Americans?

A) There are more American citizens identifying themselves as having Irish ancestry than there are people living in Ireland.
B) The Irish are the largest ethnic group in the United States.
C) Research indicates that there are significantly higher rates of alcoholism among descendants of Irish immigrants compared to other European immigrants
D) The Irish immigrants were not initially victimized like other immigrant groups in the United States.

Question 33

A large, organized religion that is not officially linked with a state or government is represented by the term ________.

A) secession
B) denomination
C) typology
D) sect

Question 34

Unlike other immigrants, the Italians ________.

A) immigrated even during the colonial period, coming from a highly differentiated land
B) came from a unified nation that escaped foreign domination until 1848
C) played an insignificant role during the American Revolution
D) failed to recognize multiple geographic divisions reflecting sharp cultural distinctions

Question 35

Jane strongly believes that the creation of life could not have been possible without the presence of a superior power. This attitude indicates her belief in ________.

A) ethnic paradox
B) civil religion
C) intelligent design
D) blended identity

Question 36

Creationists advocate ________ as a more accurate account of evolution than Darwinism.

A) intelligent design
B) civil religion
C) symbolic ethnicity
D) religious pluralism

Question 37

Most Italian immigrants received jobs through a padrone. The padrone was a(n) ________.

A) locally elected official
B) second-generation United States citizen
C) mass-immigration movement
D) ethnic labor contractor

Question 38

Which of the following is true of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act passed by the Congress in 1993?

A) It gives religious groups more flexibility in practicing their faiths.
B) It permits schools to teach creationism alongside evolution.
C) It prohibits states from accommodating prisoners' requests for questionable religious activities.
D) It directs schools to make Bible reading mandatory.

Question 39

Zuaria is a country with several religious and ethnic groups. The government has a policy of not favoring one religion over others thereby remaining neutral. Therefore, the government of Zuaria advocates ________.

A) creationism
B) pluralism
C) secession
D) assimilation

Question 40

Civil religion embodies ________.

A) the ethnic interest and awareness among the grandchildren of immigrants
B) a belief system that incorporates all religions but is not associated specifically with any one
C) a court order that restricts religious freedom
D) the idea that life is so complex that it could only have been created by a higher intelligence

Question 41

Who are secessionist minorities? Give an example of a secessionist minority.

Question 42

How is the study of ethnicity and religion in the United States relevant in today's context?

Question 43

What are the social class distinctions that existed within Irish America?

Question 44

What is ethnic paradox?

Question 45

Discuss the contemporary perception of Whiteness in the United States.

Question 46

Discuss the Whites' perception of race as a zero-sum game as identified by behavioral economists Michael Norton and Samuel Sommers.

Question 47

What does the concept of intelligent design (ID) suggest?

Question 48

Discuss the life of German immigrants in the United States before World War I and the Nazi era.

Question 49

How did Italian Americans construct a social identity?

Question 50

Discuss the deficit model of ethnic identity with an example.