Deck 4: The Evolution of Policing in America

Question 1

The first police in America were affected by their sensitivity to the values and interests of different groups because this sensitivity:

A) allowed the police to develop self- direction
B) kept the police out of political controversies
C) insulated the police from public criticism
D) none of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An important product of making police officer positions a part of the civil service system was:

A) support for police professionalization
B) reduction of political influence
C) development of an occupational identity
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the late 19th century, the typical chief of an American city police department was:

A) unable to control the police department
B) a figurehead
C) a "lightning" rod for political controversy
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Compared to English Bobbies, American police were:

A) given more discretionary authority
B) more representative of government authority
C) more isolated
D) less violent

Question 5

The founder of criminal fingerprinting is generally considered to be:

A) William Seavey
B) Alphonse Bertillon
C) Hans Gross
D) Francis Galton

Question 6

The spread of municipal policing in America indicates:

A) a pattern of spread similar to contagious disease
B) a tendency for American police to move away from the English model
C) the development of municipal services in general
D) all of the above

Question 7

The first professional association of American police administrators was formed in the:

A) 1920s
B) 1940s
C) 1890s
D) 1850s

Question 8

The first municipal police agencies in America were:

A) alienated from the community
B) highly bureaucratic
C) legalistic
D) decentralized and neighborhood based

Question 9

G.I. Bill benefits for veterans of World War II encouraged many police officers to enroll in college courses.

Question 10

The primary goal of police reformers at the start of the 20th century was:

A) removal of the influence of politics from the police
B) improvements in police crime prevention
C) decentralization of police command
D) all of the above

Question 11

During the last half of the 19th century every major city in the United States developed uniformed police.

Question 12

During the early part of this century reformers began to redefine the police role to make it more narrowly:

A) order maintenance
B) crime control
C) community relations
D) service delivery

Question 13

Police leaders and urban elites agreed on police reform to:

A) provide independence for the police
B) create an efficient, professional police
C) enhance police community relations
D) better control the dangerous immigrant classes

Question 14

The vehicle through which reformers were able to realize a change in American municipal policing was police professionalization.

Question 15

During the reform era the legitimacy and purpose of the American police were tied to crime control.

Question 16

Toward the end of the 19th century a movement to reform the American police developed as a result of:

A) police corruption
B) political interference
C) police brutality
D) all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following was characteristic of early American municipal police?

A) link to political process
B) centralized administration
C) focus on crime control
D) all of the above

Question 18

A variety of structures for the direction and control of American city police were tried during the 18th and 19th centuries, including:

A) civil service appointments of chiefs
B) federal control
C) multimember police commissions
D) elected police chiefs

Question 19

The police reform agenda of the Progressives included:

A) centralize police administration
B) improve police personnel
C) reduce the influence of political bosses
D) all of the above

Question 20

The tendency of the first American police to be responsive to the concerns of the dominant group in each neighborhood is called:

A) factionalization
B) centralization
C) politicization
D) none of the above

Question 21

As a result of the Great Depression, the quality of police personnel was reduced.

Question 22

The leaders of the police reform movement included urban elites and police administrators.

Question 23

The creation of bureaucratic structures for police organizations weakened the power of police chiefs.

Question 24

The police reform movement was nonpartisan in a political sense.

Question 25

During the reform era, police agencies became law enforcement agencies.

Question 26

Most American police departments were modeled on the English Metropolitan Police.

Question 27

Contemporary police reformers support a movement toward community- oriented policing.

Question 28

The first college level school of criminology was founded by former police administrator, J. Edgar Hoover.

Question 29

The adoption of bureaucratic structures in policing hindered the development of police professionalization.

Question 30

The professional image of the American police suffered in the 1960s as a result of steadily increasing crime rates.

Question 31

The emergence of different squads in police agencies both reflected and supported functional specialization of the police.