Deck 10: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Question 1

Approximately % of the food we consume comes from
Crop species.

A) 50; 50
B) 10; 100
C) 90; 100
D) 50; 20
E) 90; 15

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Neonicotinoids are used .

A) on seeds to protect the plants from insects after the seeds germinate
B) as fertilizer for tobacco crops
C) in the manufacture of cigarettes
D) in the treatment of brain and bone cancer
E) as a toxin by milkweed plants

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Based on the information in the figure, you might decide to make changes in your diet to diminish your ecological footprint by .

A) eliminating all protein from your diet
B) shifting to beef exclusively because of the large amount of meat from a single cow
C) shifting your protein intake to young cows and pigs to reduce resource consumption
D) shifting your protein intake from beef and pork to eggs and dairy products
E) shifting your protein intake from eggs and dairy products to beef and pork

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is permissible for use on certified organic crops?

A) synthetic fertilizers
B) Roundup
C) sewage sludge
D) radiation
E) manure

Question 5

Cows require a high quantity of feed because they .

A) are the best source of high -quality protein
B) can feed more people than pigs
C) are raised on feedlots
D) take time to grow and have a low energy conversion efficiency
E) are genetically modified organisms

Question 6

Raising which of the following requires the least land and water per kg of protein produced?

A) milk and eggs
B) pork
C) eggs and chicken
D) beef and chicken
E) beef and milk

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) More than one in three adults in the United States is obese.
B) People are undernourished mainly because they are not educated about proper nutrition.
C) Aquaculture has decreased significantly since 1985.
D) World hunger has increased significantly since 1970.
E) World grain production has remained stable since 1985.

Question 8

Seed banks are important for _ . _ since 1950.

A) agricultural investments in developing countries
B) protecting monoculture productivity
C) protecting genetic diversity
D) providing farmers with the current year's GM crops
E) loans to developing countries to promote organic agriculture

Question 9

Asian farmers who are employing the "aigamo method" of rice production use the aigamo ducks for all of the following EXCEPT _.

A) controlling weeds
B) fertilizing crops
C) harvesting rice
D) controlling snails
E) egg production

Question 10

European nations _ .

A) do not support the growth or sale of GM crops
B) along with Canada, Brazil, and Argentina have developed and planted many GM crops
C) have refused to allow synthetic pesticides to be used on nonexported crops
D) produce so little food that they have to import most meats and vegetables
E) have converted all farms to organic agriculture

Question 11

Green Revolution techniques .

A) focus on organic farming
B) have contributed to an increased diversity of foods in the human diet
C) have increased crop yields but may not be sustainable
D) focus on sustainability
E) focus on preserving biodiversity

Question 12

Organic farming _ _.

A) has become more challenging because of contamination by GM crop varieties
B) has no national standards in the United States
C) began in the 1960s
D) and organically grown produce have not been supported by the European Union
E) is presently limited to crops of fruits and vegetables

Question 13

Researchers in Switzerland and Pennsylvania have demonstrated that organic farming .

A) decreased organic soil losses while giving yields almost as high as conventional farming
B) suppresses the biodiversity of pollinating insects, especially bees
C) is only sustainable with pesticides and synthetic fertilizers
D) presently has no market in Europe
E) increases the incidence of invasive species

Question 14

Your friend plants Roundup Ready seeds in her garden and several months later notices that her garden is overrun with weeds. She calls the seed company to complain. How should the customer service agent respond?

A) The customer service agent should apologize, because the seeds were already treated with Roundup, which should have controlled the weeds.
B) The customer service agent should point out that the kind of weeds in her garden must already be resistant to the effects of the Roundup that was in the seeds.
C) The customer service agent should put your friend on hold indefinitely.
D) The customer service agent should point out that the Roundup Ready plants would survive being sprayed with Roundup. Your friend never used Roundup on her garden, so the weeds overran her garden.
E) The customer service agent should point out that Roundup Ready crops are no longer legal and should advise your friend that any crops she is growing need to be destroyed and not eaten because they are contaminated.

Question 15

Aquaculture .

A) requires the flooding of fields to produce water -intensive crops such as cotton and rice
B) can bring economic benefits and food security to many developing regions
C) produces less fish per unit area compared to ocean water harvesting
D) has no real environmental disadvantages
E) frequently results in unintended catch of nontarget species

Question 16

Why did the Indonesian government support IPM for agriculture in 1986?

A) Many people were dying of starvation.
B) The country was in a recession.
C) It wanted to encourage research into genetically modified crops.
D) Pesticides were costing money, causing pollution, and decreasing yields.
E) They were worried about tsunamis.

Question 17

The average consumer can reduce his or her ecological footprint the most by .

A) eating more locally grown foods
B) eating more meat and less grains
C) drinking bottled water that is high in mineral content
D) eating less meat and dairy products
E) eating mainly foods that are shipped in large, bulk shipments

Question 18

It is more energetically efficient for us to eat more .

A) plant -based foods
B) carnivorous animals like fish and alligator
C) GM foods
D) foods grown using IPM methods
E) herbivorous animals like cattle and chicken

Question 19

All of the following factors are thought to contribute to colony collapse disorder EXCEPT .

A) parasites and pathogens
B) loss of habitat such as prairie
C) abnormally harsh winters
D) the use of insecticides
E) the use of Roundup to kill weeds

Question 20

Per capita meat consumption has

A) doubled
B) tripled
C) increased by 50%
D) dropped by 50%
E) increased fivefold

Question 21

Why do soybeans, corn, and canola dominate the GM crop market?

A) They are exempt from U.S. regulations.
B) They are ingredients in processed foods, so they are more easily accepted.
C) These crops help to feed and clothe the poor.
D) They are inexpensive to produce.
E) They are the only GMO crops approved since the Flavr Savr tomato.

Question 22

Why have most bioengineered crops been modified for "resistance" traits?

A) These are the only traits proven safe for the human health.
B) These are the only traits proven safe for the environment.
C) Crops with these traits taste better.
D) These traits have the economic potential to save on production costs.
E) No technology exists to engineer other traits successfully.

Question 23

Normal Borlaug, who passed away in 2009, pioneered the development of .

A) organic agriculture
B) IPM
C) high -yield wheat
D) monoculture farming
E) GM crops

Question 24

Which of the following statements best describes GM crops?

A) To be grown in the U.S., GM crops must be certified organic.
B) GM crops are broadly accepted around the world.
C) GM crops are developed using bacteria.
D) GM crops are developed via the process of artificial selection.
E) Thus far, genes from GM crops have not "escaped" into the environment.

Question 25

If GM crops can decrease pesticide use, why are environmentalists still concerned about them?

A) The FDA does not regulate them.
B) Inserted genes can spread to nontarget species.
C) The government funds most GM crop research.
D) There is no public opposition to GM crops.
E) Trials involving biotech fruits and vegetables have increased dramatically in recent years.

Question 26

During the past half century, global food production has

A) grown at a faster rate than
B) fallen to critical levels compared to
C) fallen behind
D) stayed about even with
E) surpassed by several orders of magnitude

Question 27

The Flavr Savr tomato is no longer marketed because .

A) genetically modified crops presently are not approved for sale in the United States
B) butterfly larvae that ate the tomato plants were poisoned
C) Calgene failed to attain government approval to market it
D) people were nervous about eating genetically modified tomatoes
E) they require too much water to grow