Question 1

test-retest reliability can best be measured by&#10;A)Cohen's d&#10;B)Cramer's V&#10;C)Pearson's r&#10;D)Cohen's kappa

Accepted Answer

Test-retest reliability is best measured by Pearson's r, which assesses the correlation between two sets of scores from the same individuals at two different times to determine consistency over time.

Question 2

Which is most suitable for analysis with Spearman's rho?&#10;A)A curvilinear relationship between x and y&#10;B)A linear relationship between x and y where data is skewed&#10;C)A non-linear relationship between x and y where data is skewed&#10;D)None of the above are suitable for analysis with Spearman's rho

Accepted Answer

Spearman's rho is suitable for analyzing monotonic relationships, which can be linear or non-linear, especially when data is skewed or not normally distributed.

Question 3

Which is the most sensible conclusion? If a correlation coefficient is rho = -.001 it can be best described as follows:&#10;A)a weak positive relationship&#10;B)a weak negative relationship&#10;C)a zero relationship&#10;D)a non-linear relationship

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of rho = -.001 indicates a relationship that is essentially zero, meaning there is no linear relationship between the variables.

Question 4

Look at the following correlational analysis.
Correlations
a.Cells contain zero-order Pearson) correlations.
Which is correct?

A)The zero order correlation between counselling and symptom improvement is .779, a strong positive correlation significant at p<.001
B)The partial correlation between counselling and symptom improvement is .779, a strong positive correlation significant at p<.001
C)The full correlation between general self-efficacy and symptom improvement is .567, a moderate correlation significant at p<.001
D)Symptom improvement has been partialled out

Accepted Answer

The zero order correlation refers to the simple correlation between two variables without controlling for any other variables, and a correlation of .779 is indeed a strong positive correlation.

Question 5

&#10;This is likely to be a&#10;A)weak negative correlation&#10;B)a weak positive correlation&#10;C)a zero correlation&#10;D)a moderate positive correlation

Accepted Answer

The answer of  &#10;This is likely to be a&#10;A)weak...

Question 6

Inter-rater reliability can be measured by&#10;A)Cohen's d&#10;B)Cohen's kappa&#10;C)Leonard Cohen&#10;D)Cramer's V

Accepted Answer

Cohen's kappa is specifically designed to measure inter-rater reliability, assessing the agreement between two raters who each classify items into mutually exclusive categories.

Question 7

Which of the following is suitable for analysing with Pearson's r? There is:&#10;A)a linear relationship between variables x and y&#10;B)a curvilinear relationship between variables x and y&#10;C)an inverted curvilinear relationship between variables x and y&#10;D)all of the above are suitable for analysis with Pearson's r

Accepted Answer

Pearson's r is designed to measure the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. It is not suitable for curvilinear or non-linear relationships.

Question 8

&#10;Most of the participants tested have results as follows:&#10;A)low ESR and low CRP results&#10;B)low ESR and high CRP results&#10;C)high ESR and high CRP results&#10;D)high ESR and low CRP results

Accepted Answer

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) and CRP (C-Reactive Protein) are both markers of inflammation in the body. However, it's possible for individuals to have low levels of both ESR and CRP, indicating a lack of significant inflammation or acute phase response at the time of testing. This choice is plausible without specific context indicating a disease or condition that would elevate these markers.

Deck 9: Measuring Agreement: Correlational Techniques