Deck 18: Nonrenewable Energy

Question 1

is defined as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom.

A) Ionic number
B) Atomic number
C) Nuclear number
D) Mass number

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Read the following scenario, and answer the questions below.
THE EXPERIMENT:
Researchers wanted to determine whether pesticide Z is effective at killing grasshoppers that typically invade cornfields. Two 10- acre cornfields located 1 mile apart were chosen. The cornfield to the west was sprayed only with water. The cornfield on the east received the same amount of water with a 10% solution of pesticide Z. The number of grasshoppers in the fields was recorded every week for 10 weeks.
RESULTS:
The number of grasshoppers in the west field treated only with water doubled after 10 weeks.
The number of grasshoppers in the east field treated with pesticide Z declined by 50% after 10 weeks.
Which of the following best represents kinetic energy?

A) A charged battery
B) The energy in the wax molecules of a candle
C) Gunpowder in a bullet
D) A hot burner on a stove

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Molecules are .

A) chemicals that cannot be broken or separated
B) two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
C) atoms of an element
D) basic subunits of elements

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When you burn a log in your fireplace, you are converting .

A) thermal energy to chemical energy
B) chemical energy to nuclear energy
C) chemical energy to thermal energy
D) thermal energy to electrical energy

Question 5

Use the Energy Conversions table to answer the following question: How many calories of energy (c) does a 60-watt lightbulb use in 1 hour?

A) 51,660 c
B) 60 c
C) 14.4 c
D) 861 c

Question 6

All of the following are found in a eukaryotic cell except .

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus
C) nucleoid region
D) mitochondria

Question 7

All organic molecules contain what element(s)?

A) Potassium and sulfur
B) Hydrogen and oxygen
C) Carbon
D) Nitrogen

Question 8

In energy conversions such as burning coal to produce heat, .

A) entropy decreases because heat is used to ignite the coal
B) entropy decreases because of heat released in the conversion
C) entropy is unchanged because heat is used to ignite the coal
D) entropy increases because of heat released in the conversion

Question 9

During the process of translation, codons found in are translated to build .

A) DNA; proteins
B) DNA; RNA
C) RNA; proteins
D) RNA; DNA

Question 10

When a windmill turns to generate electricity, the amount of kinetic energy input in the process .

A) is unrelated to the amount of electrical energy produced
B) is less than the amount of electrical energy produced
C) is greater than the amount of electrical energy produced
D) equals the amount of electrical energy produced

Question 11

An atom with a charge of +1 has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14. How many neutrons does it have?

A) 14
B) 6
C) 8
D) Cannot be determined from the information given

Question 12

Which of the following is densest: a kilogram of feathers, a kilogram of bricks, or a kilogram of water?

A) A kilogram of water
B) A kilogram of bricks
C) A kilogram of feathers
D) All three have the same density because they all have the same mass.

Question 13

Aerobic cellular respiration _ _.

A) releases carbon dioxide and water
B) involves a net consumption of water
C) represents a decrease in entropy
D) results in a net consumption of energy

Question 14

Which of the following statements defies the first law of thermodynamics?

A) When coal is burned in a power plant, some of the energy escapes as heat rather than being converted to electricity.
B) When we build a campfire, the energy stored in the molecules in the wood is released as thermal energy.
C) Autotrophs such as plants produce energy that is consumed by heterotrophs.
D) We can decrease the amount of entropy in our dorm room if we use energy to get things organized.

Question 15

Acid precipitation .

A) has a pH lower than pure water
B) has a low concentration of hydrogen ions
C) that measures pH = 4 is twice as acidic as precipitation that measures pH = 5
D) has a pH higher than 7

Question 16

Which of the following are products of photosynthesis?

A) Light and heat
B) Oxygen and sugar
C) Carbon dioxide and water
D) Water and oxygen

Question 17

Which of the following is a charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom?

A) DNA
B) Proton
C) Neutron
D) Electron

Question 18

are atoms with the same atomic number but with different mass number.

A) Anions
B) Isotopes
C) Cations
D) Neutrons

Question 19

The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of in a solution.

A) sulfuric acid
B) hydrogen ions
C) water
D) total ions

Question 20

A(n) ecologist would study the interactions between the invasive European starling and native cavity-nesting birds in the United States.

A) ecosystem
B) community
C) population
D) organismal

Question 21

Which of the following most accurately describes a compound?

A) A compound is a substance that is made of more than one element.
B) A compound is a combination of molecules.
C) A compound is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
D) A compound is a molecule that is electrically charged.

Question 22

Which of the following reactions represents aerobic cellular respiration?

A) Water + carbon dioxide ‹ glucose + oxygen + water + energy
B) Water + carbon dioxide + energy ‹ glucose + oxygen + water
C) Glucose + oxygen ‹ water + carbon dioxide + energy
D) Nitrogen + carbon dioxide + energy ‹ methane + oxygen

Question 23

Which of the following best represents potential energy?

A) Cars stopped at an intersection
B) A charged battery in a flashlight
C) Sunlight shining on people on a beach
D) A breeze blowing across the top of a lake

Question 24

The first law of thermodynamics states that .

A) energy can be transformed but cannot be created or destroyed
B) energy is always degraded in a chemical reaction
C) all energy always has kinetic and potential characteristics
D) entropy always decreases in normal chemical reactions

Question 25

are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions such as digestion.

A) Nucleic acids
B) Enzymes
C) Anions
D) Isotopes

Question 26

An atom with a charge of +1 has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14. How many electrons does it have?

A) 8
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 27

Without regular cleanups, the tendency of a home or dorm room to become increasingly messy generally reflects _.

A) an increase in entropy
B) the loss of heat in any energy conversion
C) the conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy
D) the law of energy conservation

Question 28

If the temperature of a gas increases, the of the gas decreases.

A) pressure
B) volume
C) number of moles
D) None of these is correct.

Question 29

In a chemical reaction, .

A) atoms are rearranged
B) new atoms are formed
C) atoms are destroyed
D) new elements are formed

Question 30

In the process of photosynthesis, .

A) kinetic energy of heat is used to combine the potential energy of oxygen and water
B) energy in light is converted to potential energy of chemical bonds
C) potential energy in light is converted to kinetic energy of chemical bonds
D) potential energy in glucose is used to generate kinetic energy in heat

Question 31

What is the basic unit of an element?

A) Neutron
B) Isotope
C) Atom
D) Molecule

Question 32

Water held behind a dam is best described as a form of .

A) potential energy
B) kinetic energy
C) entropy
D) chemical energy

Question 33

Which of the following best represents potential energy converted to kinetic energy?

A) A windmill pumping water up into a water storage tank
B) Pulling a boat up onto a shoreline
C) Plants capturing sunlight to produce sugars using photosynthesis
D) Turning on a flashlight

Question 34

A neutral solution has a pH of .

A) 14
B) 5
C) 1
D) 7

Question 35

An atom with a charge of +1 has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14. How many protons does it have?

A) 8
B) 14
C) 6
D) Cannot be determined from the information given

Question 36

Use the Energy Conversions table to answer the following question: An adult human has an average intake of approximately 2500 calories (kilocalories) per day. Approximately how many 60-watt lightbulbs would require the same amount of energy per day as an adult human?

A) 2
B) 48
C) 2000
D) 17

Question 37

During photosynthesis, .

A) sugars and carbon dioxide are produced
B) there is a net consumption of oxygen and carbon dioxide
C) there is a net consumption of water and carbon dioxide
D) carbon dioxide and oxygen are produced

Question 38

The devices shown are used to .

A) convert potential energy to kinetic energy
B) convert kinetic energy to electrical energy
C) convert electrical energy to kinetic energy
D) create energy

Question 39

Atoms are composed of , and compounds are composed of .

A) cells; protons, neutrons, and electrons
B) molecules; atoms
C) protons, neutrons, and electrons; atoms
D) protons, neutrons, and electrons; molecules

Question 40

A(n) is the smallest unit of matter that still maintains the chemical properties of an element.

A) molecule
B) compound
C) nucleus
D) atom

Question 41

Briefly explain the overall processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Include a brief explanation of autotrophs and heterotrophs in your answer.

Question 42

Compare and discuss the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

Question 43

Hydrogen bonds involve an attraction between .

A) hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms within water molecules
B) hydrogen atoms and other hydrogen atoms
C) positive regions of one water molecule and negative regions of other water molecules
D) oxygen atoms and other oxygen atoms

Question 44

Which one of the following is a molecule but not a compound?

A) CO₂
B) H₂O
C) O₂
D) All of these would be considered both molecules and compounds.

Question 45

Perpetual motion machines, which by definition would not require an additional energy input, cannot exist because .

A) in any energy conversion, some energy is lost to the surroundings as heat
B) energy cannot be created or destroyed
C) energy cannot be converted from one form to another
D) kinetic energy requires an input of light energy

Question 46

Why is one region of a water molecule slightly negatively charged?

A) The hydrogen atoms attract protons more strongly than the oxygen atom does.
B) The hydrogen atoms attract electrons more strongly than the oxygen atom does.
C) The oxygen atom attracts electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms do.
D) The oxygen atom attracts protons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms do.

Question 47

Identify and describe the basic function of a gene.