Deck 2: Heredity-And-Conception

Question 1

The branch of biology that studies heredity is called

A) etiology.
B) genetics.
C) molecular biology.
D) gametogenesis.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

PKU, which causes intellectual disability, can be controlled by diet.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The typical sex chromosome pattern for females is XY.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Klinefelter syndrome affects females and males equally.

Question 5

"Heredity" means

A) the biological transmission of traits and characteristics from one generation to another.
B) how your traits manifest themselves in your characteristics.
C) how cells divide to determine who we become.
D) how genes combine to influence our phenotype.

Question 6

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can result from a variety of bacterial or viral infections.

Question 7

Male fetuses have a lower rate of spontaneous abortion than females.

Question 8

Chromosomes contain thousands of segments called

A) nuclei.
B) genes.
C) phosphates.
D) cytosines.

Question 9

Parents and children have a 25% overlap in genes.

Question 10

"Carriers" for traits have two recessive genes for those traits.

Question 11

Sex chromosomes utilize meiosis to divide.

Question 12

Mothers who give up their children for adoption often experience guilt, feelings of loss, and curiosity about how their child is developing and adjusting.

Question 13

Genetics appears to play a role in not only the transmission of physical traits, such as height and eye color, but also in

A) one's willingness to work hard to achieve their goals.
B) personality traits such as shyness and anxiety.
C) socioeconomic status.
D) culture.

Question 14

Monozygotic twins are conceived from separate egg cells.

Question 15

Polygenic traits are transmitted by a single pair of genes.

Question 16

Heredity is defined as

A) the biological transmission of traits and characteristics that is passed from parent to child by means of genes.
B) the spiral shaped structures found in cells.
C) traits that are determined by pairs of genes.
D) the process of cell division.

Question 17

The term "infertility" is applied to couples that have failed to conceive for a year or more.

Question 18

Ultrasound is used in amniocentesis and CVS.

Question 19

Our phenotype is influenced by the environment.

Question 20

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a reliable method for selecting the sex of a child.

Question 21

Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 pairs look alike and possess genetic information concerning the same traits. These are

A) sex chromosomes.
B) identical chromosomes.
C) autosomes.
D) alleles

Question 22

DNA consists of all of the following EXCEPT

A) phosphate.
B) indolamine.
C) cytosine.
D) guanine.

Question 23

Research into the human genome has found that human beings have genes in every cell of their bodies.

A) 1,000-1,500
B) 10,000-20,000
C) 20,000-25,000
D) 40,000-50,000

Question 24

Some traits, such as blood type, are transmitted by a single pair of genes. Other traits are determined by combinations of pairs of genes. These traits are called

A) monogenic.
B) polygenic.
C) multigenic.
D) recessive.

Question 25

In DNA, the sides of the ladder consist of alternating segments of phosphate and

A) adenine.
B) thymine.
C) cytosine.
D) simple sugar.

Question 26

What factor determines the sex of a child?

A) The sex chromosome received from the father
B) The time in the ovulation cycle conception occurs
C) The age of the mother
D) The presence or absence of teratogens at the time of conception

Question 27

Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal human cell, how many are contributed by the father?

A) All
B) It depends upon the gender of the child.
C) Twenty-three
D) None

Question 28

Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal human cell, how many are contributed by the mother?

A) All
B) It depends upon the gender of the child.
C) Twenty-three
D) None

Question 29

In DNA, adenine is paired with and cytosine with .

A) thymine; simple sugar
B) thymine; guanine
C) guanine; simple sugar
D) guanine; thymine

Question 30

Polygenic traits

A) are transmitted by a single pair of genes.
B) are uncommon in humans.
C) are transmitted by the mother.
D) come from the combination of more than one gene.

Question 31

Sperm and ova are produced through meiosis, otherwise known as

A) cloning.
B) mutation.
C) cross-fertilization.
D) reduction division.

Question 32

A normal human cell contains chromosomes organized into pairs.

A) 20; 10
B) 32; 16
C) 46; 23
D) 48; 24

Question 33

DNA stands for

A) deoxyribonucleic acid.
B) dionyotic acetate.
C) diophosphate nucleic acetone.
D) dionucleic acid.

Question 34

Through the process of , our genetic code is carried into new cells in our bodies.

A) mutation
B) autosome replacement
C) Mendel replication
D) mitosis

Question 35

What shape best describes most chromosomes?

A) Cone
B) Rod
C) An X
D) An octagon

Question 36

A DNA molecule most closely resembles

A) a twisting ladder.
B) a straight ladder.
C) an octagon.
D) interlocking circles.

Question 37

The process of mitosis results in new cells containing identical genetic codes. That is, unless what occurs?

A) Reduction division
B) Cell death
C) Mutations
D) Neural pruning

Question 38

Which of these is the smallest?

A) A gene
B) The DNA helix
C) A cell
D) A zygote

Question 39

Each cell in our body

A) contains 26 chromosomes.
B) is turned "on" or "off" by cytosine.
C) contains 20,000 to 25,000 genes.
D) is capable of reproducing an infinite number of times.

Question 40

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what genes do?

A) Regulate the development of traits.
B) Determine the gender of the child.
C) Work together with lutein to influence development.
D) Hardwire people for certain levels of certain traits.

Question 41

Gregor Mendel, in his work with pea plants, discovered that the offspring from crossing purebred tall pea plants with purebred dwarf pea plants were tall. Mendel called this the law of

A) codominance.
B) dominance.
C) dominant autosomes.
D) epigenesist.

Question 42

Dominant alleles

A) will cause characteristics in individuals when paired with recessive alleles.
B) come from the father of the developing child.
C) cannot determine physical characteristics.
D) will determine physical characteristics only in offspring of the same sex as the parent that contributed that trait.

Question 43

A zygote that divides into two genetically identical replicas is called

A) monozygotic twins.
B) dizygotic twins.
C) cross-fertilization.
D) mitosis.

Question 44

Someone suffering from cystic fibrosis

A) carries it as a recessive gene.
B) suffer from an inability to produce mucus.
C) has more than 23 chromosomal pairs.
D) is likely to have a younger mother.

Question 45

The following is caused by a single pair of genes

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) Down syndrome.
C) sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities.
D) Crohn's disease.

Question 46

If a child receives a dominant allele for brown hair from one parent and a recessive allele for blonde hair from the other, what do we know?

A) The child will have blonde hair.
B) We cannot predict the potential hair color of the child based upon this information.
C) The child will have brown hair.
D) The child will be female.

Question 47

Carriers of certain genetic characteristics can pass that gene on

A) even if the other parent has a dominant gene for the same characteristic.
B) characteristics in the environment activate it.
C) they are male.
D) they also have a dominant gene for the same characteristic.

Question 48

About what percent of the offspring of brown-haired parents who carry recessive genes for blonde hair will have blond hair?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 49

Some examples of recessive traits include blonde hair, lactose intolerance, myopia, and

A) curly hair.
B) type O blood.
C) type A blood.
D) farsightedness.

Question 50

Jake carries a dominant trait for normal vision and a recessive trait for red-green color blindness (or protanopia). As a result, Jake will have

A) farsighted vision.
B) nearsighted vision (myopia).
C) red-green color blindness.
D) normal vision.

Question 51

A woman who gives birth to dizygotic twins

A) is most likely an Asian American.
B) has a decreased chance of subsequent pregnancies.
C) is likely to be a young mother.
D) has an increased chance of giving birth to twins in future pregnancies.

Question 52

Of twin pregnancies, how many of these are dizygotic twins?

A) One-half
B) One-third
C) Two-thirds
D) One-fourth

Question 53

The typical sex chromosome pattern for males is and for females is .

A) XX; XY
B) XY; XX
C) XYY; XX
D) XYY; XY

Question 54

The chance of conceiving twins increases with parental age due to and .

A) irregular ovulation; the use of fertility drugs
B) irregular sperm; the use of fertility drugs
C) irregular ovulation; irregular sperm
D) irregular sperm; genetic irregularities in ovum

Question 55

If a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by different sperm cells, the result is

A) monozygotic twins.
B) dizygotic twins.
C) homozygous twins.
D) a single pregnancy.

Question 56

Which statement about monozygotic twins is FALSE?

A) Monozygotic twins usually include one male and one female child.
B) Monozygotic twins are also called "identical" twins.
C) Monozygotic twins are more common now than in the past.
D) Monozygotic twins occur with equal frequency among all ethnic groups.

Question 57

Each member of a pair of genes is referred to as a(n)

A) homozygous trait.
B) heterozygous trait.
C) autosome.
D) allele.

Question 58

Which statement about dizygotic twins is MOST accurate?

A) They are more common among African Americans than any other ethnic or racial group.
B) They are more common among Asian Americans.
C) They are more common among European Americans.
D) They occur with equal frequency among all ethnic and racial groups.

Question 59

Which statement is MOST accurate about monozygotic twins?

A) They are also called "fraternal" twins.
B) They result when two eggs are fertilized.
C) They occur with different frequency in different ethnic groups.
D) They are more common in older women.

Question 60

If a child receives an allele for blue eyes and an allele for brown eyes, then the child is

A) going to have blue eyes.
B) homozygous for that trait.
C) heterozygous for that trait.
D) exhibiting the law of recession.

Question 61

Males with XYY sex chromosomal structure

A) tend to be shorter than average.
B) have higher levels of intelligence than average.
C) are often mildly delayed, such as in language development.
D) are much less aggressive than average.

Question 62

There is a positive correlation between age of parents and incidence of Down syndrome. What does this mean?

A) Younger parents are more likely to have children with Down syndrome.
B) Older parents are more likely to have children with Down syndrome.
C) Older parents are less likely to have children with Down syndrome.
D) All parents, regardless of their age, are equally likely to have children with Down syndrome.

Question 63

What is the approximate rate of occurrence of males who have an extra Y chromosome, resulting in the configuration XYY?

A) Zero, because this disorder affects females only
B) One in 50 to 70
C) One in 700 to 1,000
D) One in 3

Question 64

Anya is female. She is infertile and has trouble with visual-spatial skills and mathematics, and also struggles with her nonverbal memory. She most likely has

A) Turner syndrome.
B) Single X syndrome.
C) Triple Y syndrome.
D) "Superfemale" syndrome.

Question 65

Roger is undergoing treatment for a sex-linked chromosomal abnormality. He is treated with testosterone replacement therapy, which fosters the growth of male sex characteristics and elevates his mood, but does not reverse his infertility. Roger is being treated for

A) Klinefelter syndrome.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) "Supermale" syndrome.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 66

The textbook suggests that XYY males are over-represented in prison populations. This suggests that

A) they may be less intelligent than "normal."
B) they are much less aggressive than is "normal."
C) they commit more crimes against persons, not property.
D) more people with XYY chromosomal patterns come from non-dominant (minority) groups.

Question 67

In comparison to the average male population, individuals with Klinefelter syndrome produce

A) more estrogen than normal.
B) less estrogen than normal.
C) more testosterone than normal.
D) less testosterone than normal.

Question 68

Down syndrome is linked to

A) alcohol abuse by the father.
B) abnormalities of the 21st pair of chromosomes.
C) sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities.
D) the teratogenic effects of contracting rubella during pregnancy.

Question 69

Compared to girls with XY sex chromosomes, girls with Turner syndrome

A) have an extra X sex chromosome.
B) have an extra Y sex chromosome.
C) are taller than average.
D) have a single X sex chromosome.

Question 70

A girl who does not develop breasts or menstruate

A) likely produces low levels of testosterone.
B) may have only one Y sex chromosome.
C) may have Turner syndrome.
D) should be screened for Klinefelter syndrome.

Question 71

Children with PKU

A) cannot eat fruits or vegetables.
B) have damage to the 21st pair of chromosomes.
C) should be placed on a special diet at soon as possible after birth.
D) usually live for only a few weeks.

Question 72

Dev is 45 years old. Compared to men who are below the age of 30, Dev is five to six times more likely to have a child with

A) red-green color blindness.
B) Turner's syndrome.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) autistic disorders

Question 73

Phenylketonuria is

A) an enzyme disorder.
B) transmitted by a dominant gene.
C) a disorder that manifests itself in all children of carriers.
D) an illness that can only occur in boys.

Question 74

What is the incidence, or rate of occurrence, of Klinefelter syndrome?

A) 1 in 150 women
B) 1 in 300 men
C) 1 in 500 men
D) 1 in 2,500 women

Question 75

Children with PKU cannot metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine. As a result, the substance builds up in their bodies and

A) causes them to be overweight.
B) causes night blindness.
C) causes hemophilia.
D) impairs central nervous system functioning.

Question 76

Girls with Turner syndrome

A) are physically the same as girls who do not have Turner's syndrome.
B) produce little estrogen.
C) produce more testosterone than normal.
D) are more likely to give birth to twins.

Question 77

Individuals with Down syndrome

A) do not typically suffer adjustment problems.
B) have few, if any, physical problems.
C) show deficits in cognitive development.
D) have chromosomal damage on the eighth chromosome.

Question 78

What outcome is likely if both parents are carriers of PKU?

A) One child out of four will develop the disorder.
B) None of the children will develop the disorder.
C) Their daughters are more likely to develop the disorder than their sons.
D) All of their children will develop the disorder.

Question 79

Diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, and peptic ulcers are multifactorial problems. That means that they

A) have unknown causes.
B) are the result of genetics.
C) are the result of factors in the person's environment.
D) reflect genetic and environmental causes.

Question 80

Maria and Michael have just been told that their newborn child has tested positive for PKU. What does this mean?

A) The condition can be cured through medication.
B) The illness can be controlled through a strict exercise regimen.
C) The condition will disappear by the time their child is six months old.
D) Their child can develop normally if placed on a special diet early.