Deck 8: Temperature, Heat, and Thermodynamics

Question 1

Suppose you put a closed, sealed can of air on a hot stove burner. The contained air will undergo an increase in

A) internal energy, temperature and pressure.
B) pressure.
C) temperature and pressure.
D) temperature.
E) internal energy.

Answer 1

internal energy, temperature and pressure.

Question 2

When a system does work and no heat is added to the system, its temperature

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains unchanged.

Answer 2

decreases.

Question 3

A temperature difference of 10 degrees Celsius is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the

A) Kelvin scale.
B) Fahrenheit scale.
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Answer 3

Kelvin scale.

Question 4

The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates

A) energy conservation.
B) the difference between heat and internal energy.
C) the fact that molecules are constantly moving.
D) thermal equilibrium.

Question 5

When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is

A) copper expands more than iron.
B) copper gets hotter before iron.
C) iron expands more than copper.
D) iron gets hotter before copper.
E) none of these

Question 6

Entropy measures

A) messiness.
B) temperature at constant pressure.
C) temperature at constant volume.
D) temperature as pressure increases.
E) temperature as volume increases.

Question 7

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's

A) high specific heat.
B) absorption of solar energy.
C) poor conductivity.
D) vast supply of internal energy.
E) high evaporation rate.

Question 8

On a chilly 10-degree-C day, your friend who likes cold weather, wishes it were twice as cold (half as hot). Taken literally, this temperature would be

A) 10 degrees C.
B) 5 degrees C.
C) 0 degrees C.
D) -141.5 degrees C.
E) -131.5 degrees C.

Question 9

The earth's atmosphere gets most of its heat

A) near the surface of the Earth.
B) at high altitudes closer to the sun.
C) from the Earth's core.

Question 10

If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a mercury thermometer would rise when the temperature

A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) neither of these

Question 11

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a

A) high conductivity.
B) low specific heat.
C) low conductivity.
D) high specific heat.

Question 12

Which of the following normally warms up fastest when heat is applied?

A) iron
B) wood
C) glass
D) water
E) All of the above choices are equally true.

Question 13

Consider a metal ring with a gap cut in it. When the ring is heated, the gap

A) becomes narrower.
B) retains its size.
C) becomes wider.

Question 14

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is lowered? Equal volumes of

A) helium.
B) wood.
C) iron.
D) water at 4 degrees C.
E) None expands when the temperature is lowered.

Question 15

Ice has a lower density than water because ice

A) molecules are more compact in the solid state.
B) sinks.
C) molecules vibrate at lower rates than water molecules.
D) is made of open-structured, hexagonal crystals.
E) density decreases with decreasing temperature.

Question 16

When water at 4 degrees C is heated it expands. When water at 4 degrees C is cooled, it

A) expands.
B) contracts.
C) neither contracts nor expands.

Question 17

Can a sample of water possibly have the same volume after being warmed by several Celsius degrees?

A) sometimes
B) always
C) never

Question 18

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has

A) higher temperature, but less internal energy.
B) a greater specific heat and more internal energy.
C) more internal energy and higher temperature.
D) none of these

Question 19

Consider a closed, sealed can of air placed on a hot stove. The contained air undergoes an increase in

A) mass.
B) temperature.
C) pressure.
D) all of these.
E) two of these.

Question 20

Place a kilogram block of iron at 40 degrees C into a kilogram of water at 20 degrees C and the final temperature of the two becomes

A) at or about 30 degrees C.
B) more than 30 degrees C.
C) less than 30 degrees C.

Question 21

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of

A) iron.
B) wood.
C) helium.
D) ice water.
E) All expand the same.

Question 22

When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in

A) its temperature.
B) its internal energy.
C) both temperature and internal energy.
D) neither temperature or internal energy.

Question 23

Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the one to undergo the fastest increase in temperature will be

A) aluminum.
B) copper.
C) both the same

Question 24

If you run a refrigerator in a closed room with the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will

A) decrease.
B) increase.
C) remain unchanged.

Question 25

Blow on your hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker your lips so your breath expands as you blow and your breath is

A) cooler.
B) warmer still.
C) neither warmer nor cooler.

Question 26

Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about

A) 100 K.
B) 300 K.
C) 200 K.
D) 400 K.
E) more than 400 K.

Question 27

The white-hot sparks that strike your skin from a 4th-of-July-type sparkler don't harm you because

A) the energy per molecule is high, but little energy is transferred because of the few molecules in the spark.
B) they have a low temperature.
C) the energy per molecule is very low.

Question 28

Consider a sample of water at 0 degrees C. If the temperature is slightly increased, the volume of the water

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains the same.

Question 29

Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of

A) more entropy.
B) less entropy.
C) no entropy.

Question 30

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has

A) a high specific heat.
B) no specific heat.
C) a low specific heat.

Question 31

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes

A) smaller.
B) larger.
C) neither smaller nor larger.
D) either smaller or larger, depending on the ring thickness.

Question 32

Some molecules are able to absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations. Materials composed of such molecules have

A) low specific heats.
B) high specific heats.
C) none of the above

Question 33

Sue's refrigerator is built into the wall of her kitchen, so that it exhausts heat to the outdoors rather than into the room. If Sue tries to cool her kitchen by leaving the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will

A) increase at least slightly.
B) decrease at least slightly.
C) remain unchanged.

Question 34

Ice tends to form first at the

A) bottom of bodies of water.
B) surface of bodies of water.
C) surface or bottom depending on the water depth.

Question 35

The temperature at the bottom of Lake Tahoe, high in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, at this moment is

A) below 4 degrees C.
B) above 4 degrees C.
C) 4 degrees C.
D) uncertain.

Question 36

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is

A) water contracts when freezing.
B) the thawing process releases pressure on the pipes.
C) the ground contracts when colder, pulling pipes apart.
D) water expands when freezing.
E) none of these

Question 37

Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an eggbeater. The temperature of the eggs will

A) increase.
B) remain unchanged.
C) decrease.

Question 38

Heat energy is measured in units of

A) joules.
B) calories.
C) Choices A and B are both true.
D) Choices A and B are both false.

Question 39

One hundred joules of heat is added to a system that performs 60 joules of work. The internal energy change of the system is

A) 40 J.
B) 100 J.
C) 0 J.
D) 60 J.
E) None of the above choices are correct.

Question 40

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of

A) helium.
B) wood.
C) ice water.
D) iron.
E) None of these contract when heated.

Question 41

Your refrigerator is in your kitchen. If you try to cool your kitchen on a hot day by operating your refrigerator with its door open, the kitchen temperature will

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) remain unchanged.

Question 42

When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows

A) from the ice to your finger.
B) from your finger to the ice.
C) actually, both ways.

Question 43

Consider a sample of ice at 0 degrees C. If the temperature is decreased, the volume of the ice

A) stays the same.
B) decreases.
C) increases.

Question 44

Consider a steaming aluminum soda-pop can that contains a small amount of boiling water. When it is quickly inverted into a bath of cooler water the can is dramatically crushed by atmospheric pressure. This occurs because the pressure inside the can is rapidly reduced by

A) condensation of steam inside.
B) sudden slowing of the air and steam molecules inside.
C) rapid conduction of heat to the relatively cool water.
D) reduced internal energy.
E) contact with the relatively cool water.

Question 45

When we enlarge a photograph of an iron ring, the image of the hole becomes

A) larger.
B) smaller.
C) neither smaller nor larger.

Question 46

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy

A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains the same.

Question 47

Two identical blocks of iron, one at 10 degrees C and the other at 20 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warmer block warms to 25 degrees C. This
Would violate the

A) 1st law of thermodynamics.
B) 2nd law of thermodynamics.
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 48

To totally convert a given amount of mechanical energy into heat is

A) impossible.
B) possible.
C) impossible to answer without additional information.

Question 49

Heat energy travels from an object with a high

A) internal energy to an object with a lower internal energy.
B) temperature to an object with a lower temperature.
C) Both of these, for they say essentially say the same thing.
D) None of the above choices are true.

Question 50

Pour a liter of water at 40 degrees C into a liter of water at 20 degrees C and the final temperature of the two becomes

A) at or about 30 degrees C.
B) less than 30 degrees C.
C) more than 30 degrees C.

Question 51

The lowest temperature possible in nature is

A) 4 K.
B) -273 degrees C.
C) 0 degrees C.

Question 52

When ice floats in water, a small part of it extends above the surface. Interestingly enough, the volume of ice that extends above the surface is equal to the volume of the

A) vast number of open spaces in the hexagonal ice crystals.
B) water the ice displaces.
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 53

If the specific heat of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold of winter would be

A) less likely to freeze.
B) more likely to freeze.
C) neither more nor less likely to freeze.

Question 54

Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to

A) 4 degrees C.
B) minus 32 degrees C.
C) zero degrees C.
D) None of the above are true. Ice can form at the surface regardless of the water temperature below.

Question 55

As a piece of metal with a hole in it cools, the diameter of the hole

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains the same.

Question 56

A volume of air has a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. An equal volume of air that is twice as hot has a temperature of

A) 64 degrees C.
B) 273 degrees C.
C) 100 degrees C.
D) 0 degrees C.
E) None of the above choices are correct.

Question 57

Between 0 degrees Celsius and 8 degrees Celsius a red-dyed-water-in-glass thermometer would

A) implode.
B) be especially suitable.
C) always be wrong.
D) explode.
E) give ambiguous readings.

Question 58

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is decreased? Equal volumes of

A) water.
B) helium.
C) wood.
D) iron.
E) All contract the same.

Question 59

To wholly convert a given amount of heat energy into mechanical energy is

A) possible using an atomic reactor.
B) possible using a simple machine.
C) possible using a steam engine.
D) impossible regardless of the technique used.

Question 60

Suppose the temperature of the input reservoir in a heat engine doesn't change. As the sink temperature is lowered, the efficiency of the engine

A) increases.
B) stays the same.
C) decreases.

Question 61

Entropy is closely related to the

A) 2nd law of thermodynamics.
B) 1st law of thermodynamics.
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 62

Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water density

A) greater.
B) less.
C) no change