Deck 2: Beginnings of English America, 1607-1660

Question 1

During the seventeenth century, indentured servants:

A) made up less than one-third of English settlers in America.
B) had to surrender their freedom for a minimum of ten years to come to the colonies.
C) had a great deal of trouble acquiring land.
D) had to pay half of the fare to get them to the New World.
E) were almost entirely Irish.

Answer 1

had a great deal of trouble acquiring land.

Question 2

Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World?

A) The government provided insufficient financial support.
B) They were more interested in agriculture than in trade, and they chose areas without good farmland.
C) They tried to set up colonies on the coast of Florida, and the Spanish fought off their attempts.
D) Native Americans attacked the settlers, driving them from the land.
E) They tried to mingle Protestants and Catholics, who were unable to get along.

Answer 2

The government provided insufficient financial support.

Question 3

Which one of the following is true of poverty in seventeenth-century Great Britain?

A) About half of the population lived at or below the poverty line by the end of the seventeenth century.
B) The problem was so bad that Henry VIII authorized judges to order the jobless to work.
C) Poverty rates were worse in British colonies than in the mother country.
D) John Winthrop solved the problem by creating the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
E) Queen Mary's failure to address the problem helped lead to her overthrow.

Answer 3

About half of the population lived at or below the poverty line by the end of the seventeenth century.

Question 4

Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?

A) The Pope had banned England from exploring the New World because the Church already had limited land ownership there to Spain and Portugal.
B) He wanted a divorce, and the Pope refused to grant it.
C) He was trying to unify Great Britain.
D) He wanted to be pope, and the College of Cardinals refused to elect an English Catholic.
E) He thought the Catholic Church was corrupt and he wanted to protect the English people from its abuses.

Question 5

Which one of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?

A) Plymouth, Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island
B) Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Jamestown
C) Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island
D) Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Jamestown
E) Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island

Question 6

Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?

A) Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic.
B) Because of the Spanish Armada's successful invasion of Great Britain in 1588.
C) Because Spain had allied with France to invade English colonies in the New World.
D) Because one of Henry VIII's beheaded wives was a Spanish princess, and the Spanish government announced it would be at war with England until Henry apologized.
E) Because both the English and Spanish royal families laid claim to the Irish throne.

Question 7

How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom?

A) They became abolitionists, fighting to end slavery in British North America.
B) Some of them ran away or were disobedient toward their masters.
C) They sent letters home telling their fellow Englishmen that the American colonies offered special opportunities for freedom.
D) They insisted on their right to serve in the militia, because they believed in the right to bear arms.
E) They published pamphlets criticizing their masters, displaying their love of free speech.

Question 8

During the reign of __________, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.

A) Henry VIII
B) Mary I
C) James I
D) James II
E) Elizabeth I

Question 9

Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which one of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?

A) Ireland
B) India
C) China
D) Scotland
E) Wales

Question 10

How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?

A) The English constitutional system would improve on Spain's less structured system in the New World.
B) English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.
C) The only way to achieve true freedom was through wealth, and the abundant gold in the New World would make all Englishmen wealthy.
D) A person was only truly free when outside the constraints of established societies such as those in Europe.
E) He claimed no such connection; he saw them as separate and unrelated.

Question 11

The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:

A) were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.
B) included women and children, because the Virginia Company realized that a stable society would improve the settlers' chances of success, economic and otherwise.
C) included representatives of several other countries, part of England's effort to build a strong network of supporters in case of Spanish attack.
D) built the second permanent British settlement in North America after Roanoke.
E) were only half of those who originally set sail; the rest turned around and went back.

Question 12

All of the following contributed to the English social crisis of the late sixteenth century EXCEPT:

A) a lower birth rate, which made it difficult to find workers for new industries.
B) the enclosure movement, which forced thousands of peasants from farms.
C) increased prices buoyed by the influx of gold and silver from Latin America.
D) decreased wages in the cities.
E) the invasion of the cities by vagrants, who wandered the roads in search of work.

Question 13

Which one of the following is true of indentured servants?

A) They could not be sold by their masters.
B) Their masters could determine whether they could marry.
C) Pregnant women received their freedom early.
D) They could not be physically punished because, unlike slaves, they had rights as English citizens.
E) Three-quarters of them ran away and found permanent freedom.

Question 14

In 1607, the colonists who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships:

A) were funded entirely by the queen's government.
B) chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships.
C) were officers and sailors in the British Royal Navy.
D) built a colony at Cape Henry in the mouth of Chesapeake Bay.
E) were members of Puritan congregations in search of religious freedom.

Question 15

In Great Britain, the idea of working for wages:

A) was so dishonorable that many refused to accept money for their work and instead received food and shelter.
B) was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.
C) was romanticized in ballads and tales.
D) meant true freedom.
E) grew more popular among the poor during the sixteenth century.

Question 16

Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700:

A) more than half of them settled in North America.
B) more went to the West Indies than to North America.
C) Ireland was the most popular destination, far outdistancing other English colonies.
D) about half returned.
E) almost all were members of aristocratic families.

Question 17

What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty?

A) literacy
B) land
C) the English Bill of Rights
D) church membership
E) a wage-paying job

Question 18

Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England:

A) arrived with other members of their families.
B) were single, middle-class men.
C) were lower-class men.
D) had been released from debtors' prisons.
E) sought to escape the Black Death then ravaging England.

Question 19

As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:

A) there was an increase in the number of jobless peasants, whom the British government aided with an early form of welfare.
B) efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis.
C) mass numbers of peasants converted from Protestantism to Catholicism, because the Catholic Church took better care of the poor.
D) there was a sharp reduction in the number of sheep and other livestock.
E) the spread of the Black Plague decreased because of the elimination of cramped living quarters.

Question 20

Which one of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England, who reigned from 1553 to 1558?

A) She ascended to the throne immediately after a long period of civil war and successfully unified the nation.
B) Her refusal to marry led to her designation as "the Virgin Queen," after whom Virginia was named.
C) When the Pope refused to allow her to divorce her French royal husband, she founded an independent Church of England.
D) She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.
E) Under her authority, colonists established the first permanent English settlement in North America.

Question 21

The marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas:

A) brought unrest and conflict between the English and the Indians.
B) split the church.
C) was seen in England as a sign of Anglo-Indian harmony and missionary success.
D) marked the beginnings of many ethnically mixed marriages between Indians and the English.
E) caused King James I to denounce John Rolfe.

Question 22

To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headright system, which:

A) granted religious freedom.
B) provided land to settlers who paid their own and others' passage.
C) brought slavery to the colony.
D) promised every single man a bride.
E) enslaved Indians.

Question 23

Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:

A) began with the wedding of John Smith and Pocahontas.
B) was common.
C) was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691.
D) created a mixed race of Native Americans who often wound up enslaved.
E) produced a member of a British royal family who became an Indian chief.

Question 24

Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century?

A) traders
B) religious missionaries
C) colonial authorities
D) settlers farming the land
E) the Royal Geographical Society

Question 25

Why was the death rate in early Jamestown so high?

A) It lay beside a malarial swamp.
B) The ample food was full of botulism.
C) It was not high; most of the colonists survived.
D) Constant Native American attacks decimated the population.
E) Many of the colonists committed suicide.

Question 26

As leader of the Jamestown Colony, John Smith:

A) was a failure and had to return to England.
B) improved relations with Native Americans by marrying Pocahontas.
C) used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together.
D) used an elaborate reward system to persuade colonists to work.
E) set up the first representative assembly in the New World.

Question 27

Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists?

A) Native Americans
B) British soldiers
C) colonial and European merchants
D) the king
E) Parliament

Question 28

Virginia's colonial policy of requiring Native Americans to move to reservations:

A) immediately followed the Pequot War.
B) came after the Native American population had risen to 10,000.
C) followed a precedent established by the English in Ireland.
D) led to the Trail of Tears of Native Americans from the Virginia coast to an inland area.
E) ended in failure in 1633.

Question 29

Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land?

A) Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians.
B) They simply tried to wipe out Native Americans and then took their land.
C) They encouraged settlers to move onto Native American land and take it.
D) They totally respected those ties and let the natives stay in all rural areas, negotiating settlements to obtain the coastal lands.
E) The English offered natives the chance to remain on the land as slaves and, when this offer was declined, forced them off of it.

Question 30

Opechancanough:

A) succeeded his father, Powhatan, as the leader of Virginia's Indians.
B) married Pocahontas after the death of John Rolfe.
C) was the first Native American invited to address the House of Burgesses.
D) mounted a surprise attack in 1622 that wiped out one-quarter of Virginia's settlers.
E) killed John Smith.

Question 31

The Virginia House of Burgesses:

A) was dissolved by King James because he objected to all representative government.
B) was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival.
C) banned the importation of servants.
D) had more power than the governor.
E) was included in the original charter for the Jamestown Colony.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of warfare between colonists and Native Americans during the seventeenth century?

A) Colonists were surprised and disappointed in their inability to defeat Indians easily.
B) Among the colonists, it generated a strong sense of superiority.
C) New England colonists fared far better in warfare than their Virginia counterparts.
D) Treaties quickly ended each of the wars.
E) Native Americans actually had more sophisticated and dangerous weaponry than the English.

Question 33

It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when:

A) the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post.
B) Pocahontas married John Rolfe.
C) the House of Burgesses passed a law ordering Native Americans out of the colony.
D) Powhatan led an attack against the English settlers in 1644.
E) Spain formed a military alliance with Powhatan.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown?

A) The colony's problems were due largely to its leadership: the same people remained in charge for the first two decades and refused to change their methods.
B) The first settlers were farmers and laborers who were so eager to make money that they refused to work and could not be controlled.
C) The death rate was extraordinarily high.
D) The supplies from England were excellent, but the colonists wasted them.
E) John Smith took the credit, but he had nothing to do with Jamestown's success.

Question 35

The Native American leader Powhatan:

A) tried to avoid trade with the colonists because he believed that it would destroy Native American culture.
B) managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes.
C) was the brother of Pocahontas.
D) invited the colonists to feasts with his tribe and then slaughtered eighty Virginia settlers.
E) won the respect of the colonists when he defeated John Smith in a wrestling match.

Question 36

How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?

A) It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage.
B) It fired John Smith and brought in a more popular leader.
C) It gave control back to the king, who straightened out its problems.
D) It required all settlers to grow tobacco, a highly profitable crop.
E) It created an executive committee that really ran the colony and a committee of colonists who thought they were running it.

Question 37

In regard to religion:

A) Native Americans eagerly converted to Christianity.
B) the English showed curiosity toward Native American religions.
C) Native Americans showed indifference to European religious conflict.
D) the English spent much time in Native American villages converting them.
E) the English created churches for Native Americans in most New England towns.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a way that colonists undermined traditional Native American agriculture and hunting?

A) Their freely roaming pigs and cattle trampled Native American cornfields and gardens.
B) Their need for wood depleted the forests that Native Americans needed for hunting.
C) Their reliance on the fur trade reduced the population of beaver and other animals important to the Native Americans.
D) They changed the land to suit their way of life instead of adapting to their new surroundings.
E) Their refusal to build fences and permanent structures created conflict with Native American hunting methods.

Question 39

When the Virginia Company gave control of the Virginia colony to the king in 1624:

A) it did so under pressure from the king, who was trying to consolidate his ownership of all colonies.
B) its white population had quintupled since settlement began in 1607.
C) this meant that control over the colony would rest entirely in royal hands, ending the local control that had existed under the Virginia Company.
D) Virginia became the first royal colony.
E) James wanted to change the colony's name to Jamesland, but Parliament rejected it.

Question 40

In the economic exchanges between the English colonists and eastern Native Americans :

A) the arrival of new English goods had no impact on how Indians lived.
B) Native Americans initially welcomed the colonists' goods.
C) Native Americans sought to keep English goods from influencing their religious ceremonies.
D) Native Americans never became integrated into the Atlantic economy.
E) Native Americans soon saw that the colonists' goods were shoddier than their own.

Question 41

The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was:

A) an outdated idea.
B) to be unquestioned.
C) so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife.
D) not supposed to resemble God's authority in any way, because that would be blasphemous.
E) limited only by the number of children-the more, the better.

Question 42

Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:

A) both started out as proprietary colonies.
B) tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.
C) John Smith had to take over the colony and organize its settlers to work.
D) both offered settlers total religious freedom.
E) the king approved the creation of each colony only because of pressure from Parliament.

Question 43

In Puritan marriages:

A) reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal.
B) divorce was not allowed.
C) husbands could beat their wives without interference from the authorities.
D) wives were banned from attending church because they might end up disagreeing with how their husbands interpreted the sermon.
E) women could speak only when spoken to.

Question 44

Maryland's founder, Cecilius Calvert:

A) wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain, with power limited for ordinary people.
B) supported total religious freedom for all of the colony's inhabitants.
C) gave a great deal of power to the elected assembly but not to the royal governor.
D) lost ownership of the colony and died a pauper.
E) actually hated Catholics, which is why he set up a colony for them in a swamp.

Question 45

The Mayflower Compact established:

A) religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts.
B) the right to emigrate to America.
C) a company chartered to settle New England.
D) a civil government for the Plymouth Colony.
E) peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.

Question 46

Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s?

A) Because so many of them had become separatists, they had to leave England to save their church.
B) Charles I had started supporting them, creating conflicts with Catholic nobles.
C) The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings.
D) Puritan leader John Winthrop wanted a high-level position, and leaving England was the only way for him to get it.
E) The Poor Law of 1623 banned non-Catholics from receiving government aid.

Question 47

Tobacco production in Virginia:

A) enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government.
B) benefited from the endorsement of King James I.
C) declined after its original success, as Europeans learned the dangers of smoking.
D) resulted in more unified settlements, thanks to tobacco's propensity to grow only in certain areas of Virginia.
E) was under the control of two planters, Walter Winston and the Earl of Kent.

Question 48

In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England:

A) was more family-oriented.
B) did not involve class-based hierarchies.
C) was not as deeply religious.
D) allowed for equal legal rights for women and men.
E) centered on an economy based on one cash crop.

Question 49

Puritan women:

A) could not legally divorce.
B) were not allowed full church membership.
C) were said to achieve freedom by embracing subjection to their husbands' authority.
D) could become ministers if they were widows of ministers.
E) married late in life.

Question 50

Which statement about women in the early Virginia colony is FALSE?

A) Women mostly came to Virginia as indentured servants.
B) Some women took advantage of their legal status as femme sole.
C) Women consisted of about half the white population.
D) Women often married at a relatively late age-mid-twenties.
E) There was a high death rate among women.

Question 51

How did John Winthrop view a woman's liberty?

A) A woman was equal to her husband in the eyes of the Puritan faith.
B) Once a woman married a man, she was his subject.
C) A woman had no right to choose a husband; the church should choose one for her.
D) Men and women were equal until they married, and then they were one.
E) He never even mentioned women.

Question 52

What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity?

A) cotton
B) fur
C) tobacco
D) indigo
E) sugar

Question 53

In Puritan New England:

A) it was illegal for a woman to have children after the age of twenty-eight, so childbearing began earlier than it did elsewhere.
B) infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier.
C) women married at an older age than their English counterparts.
D) most women gave birth at least ten times.
E) men were required by law to become fathers.

Question 54

Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go?

A) New Netherland
B) Plymouth Rock
C) Boston
D) Virginia
E) Pennsylvania

Question 55

Why did the Pilgrims flee the Netherlands?

A) They sought new opportunities after a severe economic downturn in the Netherlands left many of them unemployed.
B) They felt that the surrounding culture was corrupting their children.
C) England had gone to war with the Netherlands, and the Pilgrims felt caught in the middle.
D) The Catholic Church took over the Netherlands under a papal edict in 1617, and the Pilgrims felt that they had no choice but to go.
E) The Dutch government ordered them to leave because of their radical religious ideas.

Question 56

Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?

A) They were completely unified on all issues.
B) They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines.
C) They differed completely with the views of the Church of England.
D) They came to the colonies because they had no hope of holding any power in England.
E) John Winthrop founded the church.

Question 57

Puritans followed the religious ideas of the French-born theologian:

A) John Calvin.
B) Martin Guerre.
C) Jacques Baptiste.
D) Charles LeGrand.
E) Ulrich Zwingli.

Question 58

What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?

A) They met a Native American, Opechancanough, who helped them.
B) It was the late spring, so it was planting season.
C) Native Americans, decimated by disease, left behind cleared fields for farming.
D) The local Indian leader considered the English to be divine.
E) John Smith arrived to help organize them.

Question 59

Maryland was established as a refuge for which group?

A) Quakers
B) Puritans
C) Pilgrims
D) Native Americans
E) Catholics

Question 60

What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty?

A) He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good.
B) He saw two kinds of liberty: negative liberty, the restricting of freedoms for the sake of others, and positive liberty, the assuring of rights through a constitution.
C) He believed that individual rights took precedence over the rights of the community.
D) He believed in a dictatorship, with only himself in charge of it.
E) He believed "liberty" had a religious but not a political meaning.

Question 61

The Magna Carta:

A) was an agreement between King Henry VIII and the Anglican Church.
B) guaranteed religious freedom in Great Britain.
C) granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons.
D) was seen as embodying English freedom, until Parliament repealed it in 1722.
E) was, like the English Constitution, unwritten.

Question 62

In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?

A) Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued.
B) Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections.
C) Only property owners could be full members of the church.
D) Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.
E) Full membership required that one's parents and grandparents had been church members.

Question 63

How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state?

A) They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact pro-religious legislation.
B) They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister.
C) The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion.
D) They had never even heard of the concept.
E) They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it.

Question 64

The Massachusetts General Court:

A) reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference.
B) was chosen by the king.
C) was chosen by the governor.
D) ruled the colony from its beginnings in 1630.
E) by law had to consist of a majority of Puritan judges.

Question 65

In the Pequot War of 1637:

A) the Pequots defeated the Puritans in a battle that temporarily drove back the Massachusetts Bay settlers to only three coastal towns.
B) Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots.
C) the Narragansetts joined the Pequots to fight the Puritans, leading to the elimination of both tribes.
D) the barbarity of the Native Americans surprised the colonists.
E) the Pequots took over the old Pilgrim colony and made it their own.

Question 66

Boston merchants:

A) challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control.
B) refused to trade with anyone outside of the Puritan faith.
C) paid for Anne Hutchinson's prosecution.
D) had enjoyed widespread freedom to trade since the establishment of the colony.
E) controlled John Winthrop.

Question 67

Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as:

A) good, because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion.
B) dangerous to social harmony and community stability.
C) important, but they banned neighbors from reporting on one another, because that would breed division that could harm the community.
D) vital, because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England.
E) dangerous to the individual but good for the community.

Question 68

At Anne Hutchinson's trial:

A) her argument on her own behalf swayed the jury.
B) she violated Puritan doctrine by claiming that God spoke to her directly rather than through ministers or the Bible.
C) she was acquitted, but was so displeased with her treatment that she left the colony for Rhode Island.
D) Governor John Winthrop was critical of her but admitted that she was an impressive antagonist.
E) Roger Williams served as her attorney.

Question 69

In the seventeenth century, New England's economy:

A) grew at a very slow rate because few settlers moved to the region.
B) suffered because most early settlers were poor and could not gain access to land.
C) centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber.
D) boasted a significant manufacturing component that employed close to one-third of all men.
E) relied heavily on indentured servants in the labor force.

Question 70

Roger Williams argued that:

A) church and state must be totally separated.
B) Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it.
C) religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom.
D) Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith.
E) only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.

Question 71

For most New Englanders, Indians represented:

A) savagery.
B) teachers.
C) curiosities.
D) culture.
E) survival.

Question 72

In regard to religious toleration, the Puritans :

A) ignored the Reformation.
B) encouraged religious dissent.
C) saw only their faith as the truth.
D) accepted only Christian faiths.
E) treated Native American priests as equals.

Question 73

John Winthrop followed which one of the following policies toward Native Americans?

A) He declared all Indian land to be the property of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
B) He insisted that they agree to submit to English authority.
C) He required Puritans to pay them.
D) He urged all Puritans to work at converting Native Americans to Christianity.
E) He called for their immediate extermination.

Question 74

When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island:

A) he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church.
B) the king refused to give it a charter, and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died.
C) he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay.
D) he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom.
E) the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews.

Question 75

The Puritan minister Thomas Hooker:

A) founded what became part of the colony of Connecticut.
B) insisted that Massachusetts pay Indians for land the colony took from them.
C) was Anne Hutchinson's minister and thus created problems for the Puritan leadership.
D) tried to minister to Puritan women who fell victim to the big city of Boston, for which his name eventually became associated with prostitutes.
E) defended the rights of conscience in a spirited debate with Puritan leaders about church-state relations.

Question 76

Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the class-based society of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

A) Only wealthy landowners or merchants were allowed membership in Puritan churches.
B) The Body of Liberties of 1641 stated that a debtor became the servant of his creditor if he could not repay a loan within a year.
C) The General Court banned ordinary people from wearing the garb of gentlemen.
D) A member of the upper class was known as a gentleman or lady, while a member of the lower class was simply called friend.
E) Voting was restricted by law to men who came from designated "good families" in England.

Question 77

The Half-Way Covenant of 1662:

A) set up civil government in Massachusetts.
B) allowed Baptists and Quakers to attend, but not join, Puritan churches.
C) gave women limited voting rights in Puritan congregations.
D) permitted anyone who paid a tithe to be baptized in a Puritan church.
E) did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership.

Question 78

In New England towns:

A) there was no local government because Massachusetts Bay leaders feared dissent.
B) much of the land remained in common, for collective use or to be divided among later settlers.
C) there were several churches.
D) the colony divided up the land because it wanted to keep the settlers from having any role in government.
E) ministers conducted town meetings, just as they conducted church services.

Question 79

In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who:

A) owned land, regardless of their church membership.
B) had served their term as indentured servants.
C) were freed slaves.
D) were landowning church members.
E) voted.

Question 80

Anne Hutchinson:

A) was no threat to the Puritan establishment because women were so clearly considered inferior.
B) angered Puritan authorities by supporting the claims of Roger Williams.
C) engaged in Antinomianism, a sexual practice that the Puritans considered threatening to traditional gender relations.
D) opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace.
E) would have been left alone if she had not also run for a seat in the General Court.