Deck 8: Securing the Republic, 1790-1815

Question 1

Pierre Charles L'Enfant is well known for :

A) leading a slave rebellion in Saint Domingue.
B) designing Washington, D.C.
C) masterminding the XYZ affair.
D) negotiating the Louisiana Purchase.
E) writing Letters from an American Farmer.

Answer 1

designing Washington, D.C.

Question 2

The French Revolution:

A) was very conservative compared to the American Revolution.
B) reinforced the Republicans' sympathy toward the French.
C) brought American troops to France to fight for liberty.
D) had very little impact on american foreign policy.
E) had the support of the American Federalist Party.

Answer 2

reinforced the Republicans' sympathy toward the French.

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT an objection raised by critics of Hamilton's proposals?

A) Creating a standing army would threaten individual liberty.
B) A whiskey tax would unfairly target backcountry farmers used to distilling their grain.
C) Hamilton's program would create a corrupt alliance between government and large commercial interests.
D) The proposals would prevent the development of manufacturing, and manufacturing was vital to America's future.
E) Hamilton's plan for new government bonds would unfairly reward speculators.

Answer 3

The proposals would prevent the development of manufacturing, and manufacturing was vital to America's future.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT part of Alexander Hamilton's financial program?

A) creating a new national debt, thereby giving bondholders a stake in the nation's future
B) the Bank of the United States, modeled on the Bank of England
C) a tax on whiskey producers as a means of raising revenue
D) taxes and subsidies to promote American manufacturing
E) a national capital city with experimental manufacturing

Question 5

The Democratic-Republican Societies of the 1790s:

A) criticized the Washington administration.
B) spoke out against the French Revolution.
C) formed only about a dozen chapters in various cities.
D) strongly supported Hamilton's economic program.
E) broke up and created the Democratic and Republican parties by 1797.

Question 6

All of the following men held a high executive or judicial office during George Washington's presidency EXCEPT:

A) John Adams.
B) Thomas Jefferson.
C) James Madison.
D) Alexander Hamilton.
E) John Jay.

Question 7

Benjamin Banneker was:

A) a scientist who helped survey the new national capital.
B) congressional leader of the opposition to Hamilton in the early 1790s.
C) the secretary of war who publicly disagreed with Washington over Indian policy.
D) an African-American slave whose capture inspired the Fugitive Slave Law.
E) the first black person elected to Congress when he won election in the "Revolution of 1800."

Question 8

Opponents of Hamilton's economic plan:

A) included George Washington.
B) were mostly northerners who had supported ratification of the Constitution.
C) believed future growth was to be found through close ties with Britain.
D) agreed to a compromise that included placing the national capital in the South.
E) were simply jealous of Hamilton's close relationship with Washington.

Question 9

What happened to King Louis XVI during the French Revolution?

A) He abdicated the throne and moved to Switzerland.
B) He successfully fled to Austria with his wife.
C) He ruled as a less powerful constitutional monarch after the Revolution.
D) He was executed.
E) He was rescued from French imprisonment by British spies.

Question 10

Judith Sargent Murray argued that women's apparent mental inferiority to men simply reflected the fact that women had been denied:

A) educational opportunities.
B) the right to vote.
C) the right to own private property.
D) enough leisure time.
E) the ability to earn a living wage.

Question 11

Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman:

A) was the first pamphlet published in the United States by an American woman.
B) was inspired by Thomas Paine's Rights of Man.
C) won strong support from the Federalist Party.
D) strongly challenged traditional gender roles.
E) was based on her experiences as a cross-dressing soldier during the Revolutionary War.

Question 12

When George Washington took office as the first president of the United States, American leaders believed that the new nation's success depended on:

A) creating political parties as a means of channeling the people's passions.
B) maintaining political harmony.
C) protecting all forms of freedom.
D) Washington's willingness to serve until he died.
E) coining money.

Question 13

Edmond Genet was a French diplomat who:

A) was also a British spy, which led to his arrest in the United States.
B) commissioned American ships to fight the British.
C) sought refuge in America as soon as the French Revolution began in 1789.
D) became a key adviser to President Washington on European affairs.
E) sought unsuccessfully to convince the Democratic-Republican Societies to support the French Revolution.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794?

A) The "rebels" largely blamed the Republican Party for their troubles.
B) The Rebellion ended after a battle in which the "rebel" leader, Rufus King, was killed.
C) It represented the first major challenge to the administration of President John Adams.
D) It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commanded an army in the field.
E) The Rebellion demonstrated that North-South divisions over slavery could turn violent.

Question 15

Alexander Hamilton's long-term goal was to:

A) build up the Republican Party's political power.
B) assure that the United States would be a primarily agrarian nation.
C) promote the power of state governments.
D) make the United States a major commercial and military power.
E) succeed George Washington as president.

Question 16

How did Americans respond to the French Revolution?

A) Almost everyone supported it at first, because the French seemed to be following in Americans' footsteps.
B) Hamilton supported the creation of a standing army to prepare the nation should French radicalism spread across the Atlantic.
C) Opponents of the French Revolution formed the Republican Party, headed by Thomas Jefferson.
D) They blocked passage of Jay's Treaty, which showed preference for Great Britain.
E) President Washington immediately spoke out against French radicals and dispatched American warships to assist England.

Question 17

Which international partner did Alexander Hamilton think most important for the survival and prosperity of the United States?

A) the Indians
B) the Spanish
C) the French
D) the West Indians
E) the British

Question 18

Which of the following is true of women and political life in the new republic of the 1790s?

A) The use of the word "male" in various provisions of the Constitution of 1787 excluded women from any role in politics.
B) Women, unlike white men and male African-American slaves, were specifically not counted in determining congressional representation.
C) Some women contributed to a growing democratization of political life by arguing for increased rights for their sex.
D) By 1799, women actually gained the right to vote, but not the right to hold office, in four New England states and in Pennsylvania.
E) The prevailing view of women as intellectually inferior to men meant that women's involvement in politics never was considered.

Question 19

Which of the following led directly to the formation of an organized political party opposed to the Federalist Party?

A) Hamilton-Burr duel
B) election of 1800
C) Shays's Rebellion
D) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
E) Jay's Treaty

Question 20

"Strict constructionists" believed:

A) Jay's Treaty should be construed or interpreted to put more restrictions on Indians.
B) freedom of speech and of the press should be restricted if the president believed that to be necessary.
C) the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution.
D) the "general welfare" clause of the Constitution gave the federal government power to create a national bank.
E) the creation of new western settlements should be strictly limited in order to avoid Indian wars.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true of the presidential election of 1800?

A) John Adams's acceptance of defeat established the precedent of the peaceful transfer of power in the United States.
B) The importance of slavery and the three-fifths compromise was demonstrated: without slaves counted as part of the South's population, Thomas Jefferson would have lost.
C) The election demonstrated the importance of mobilizing large numbers of voters with more modern campaign techniques, which the Republicans effectively employed.
D) The controversy surrounding who would be president led to the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, which changed the operation of the electoral college.
E) Thomas Jefferson's victory in the New England states proved to be key to his election.

Question 22

What was the significance of the case of Marbury v. Madison?

A) It was John Marshall's first case as chief justice.
B) The Supreme Court asserted the power of judicial review.
C) The Supreme Court declared that presidential power was greater than congressional power.
D) The decision gave states important new powers to block a too-powerful federal government.
E) Marbury's win meant that he became the new chief justice, a post he held for twenty-one years.

Question 23

Which of the following was NOT true of the United States in 1797?

A) The two political parties not only demonstrated divisions in the nation, but were divided within themselves.
B) John Adams, the new president, was brilliant but austere and stubborn.
C) American neutrality in the European war was not working; both England and France were seizing American ships with impunity.
D) The United States already was divided along sectional lines, with Federalists strong in New England and Republicans strong in the South.
E) Believing that political parties were wrong, Adams included Jefferson and Hamilton in his government, and they did not get along.

Question 24

The Sedition Act targeted:

A) Alexander Hamilton's economic ideas.
B) Federalists.
C) the Republican press.
D) illegal immigrants.
E) British sympathizers.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of the Louisiana Purchase?

A) The slave rebellion in Haiti almost persuaded Napoleon to keep Louisiana as a base from which to attack the island if necessary.
B) France had guaranteed the United States commercial access to New Orleans, but Jefferson feared that a British victory over France would deprive the United States of that access.
C) Jefferson believed that the Constitution explicitly and fully authorized this land deal.
D) Jefferson expected the land acquisition to make possible the spread of agrarian republicanism.
E) Ironically, a majority of Republican congressmen opposed the Purchase, so Federalist votes ultimately made its approval possible.

Question 26

After becoming president, how did Thomas Jefferson deal with the Federalists?

A) He followed through on his inauguration speech's statement ("We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists") and treated them as equals.
B) He courted their support because he knew that he could never win approval for his policies without them.
C) He tried to roll back almost everything they had done by cutting taxes and the size of government.
D) Until just before leaving office, he used the Sedition Act to shut down Federalist newspapers critical of his administration.
E) He led a successful effort to impeach and remove from office all Federalist judges, whom he then replaced with Republicans.

Question 27

The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were a response to:

A) the election of 1800.
B) Hamilton's economic plan.
C) the Alien and Sedition Acts.
D) Fries's Rebellion.
E) impressments of American sailors.

Question 28

Sacajawea was:

A) an elderly Indian woman whom Lewis and Clark enslaved during their journey.
B) born to a French-Canadian fur trapper and his native wife during Lewis and Clark's journey.
C) a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition.
D) the only member of the Lewis and Clark expedition to return safely to St. Louis.
E) the young Shoshone woman whom William Clark married during his winter in North Dakota.

Question 29

Who wrote a petition to Congress as the president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, calling for the end of slavery?

A) Mathew Lyon
B) Patrick Henry
C) Sarah Morton
D) Mary Wollstonecraft
E) Benjamin Franklin

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of New Orleans under Spanish rule?

A) Men and women enjoyed complete legal equality, which was unheard of in the United States.
B) Slavery was illegal.
C) Slave women had the right to go to court for protection against cruelty or rape by their owners.
D) An owner could not free his or her slaves without special permission from the Spanish monarch.
E) Native Americans had been considered full citizens, with all of the rights and privileges associated with that status.

Question 31

Gabriel's Rebellion:

A) was doomed to fail because the African-American population of Richmond was so small.
B) demonstrated that the slaves were as aware of the idea of liberty as anyone else.
C) inspired Virginia to adopt a gradual emancipation law in 1803.
D) failed partly because its leaders were plantation slaves, who had less contact with the outside world and were unaware of how little support they enjoyed.
E) prompted several states to pass laws requiring slaves to be educated about the Constitution and the importance of obeying the law.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of the American response to Toussaint L'Ouverture's slave uprising, which led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation in 1804?

A) John Adams opposed it because it was a threat to the established order.
B) Thomas Jefferson welcomed Haitian independence as another example of what he had advocated in the Declaration of Independence.
C) Most white Americans were glad to see France, which had turned politically radical, suffer the loss of Haiti.
D) Most enslaved Americans opposed L'Ouverture's success because they believed it might inspire a white crackdown on their behavior.
E) Many white Americans considered L'Ouverture's uprising to be evidence of blacks' unfitness for republican freedom.

Question 33

The Kentucky resolution originally stated that:

A) states could nullify laws of Congress.
B) militia could be called on to put down rebellion with force.
C) freedom of the press could be suspended in time of war.
D) access to the Mississippi River was reserved only for American citizens.
E) the United States should go to war in 1812 for conquest of Canada.

Question 34

Fries's Rebellion:

A) was an uprising in Massachusetts.
B) was provoked because of heavy taxes on whiskey.
C) resulted in over 300 deaths and much property destruction.
D) resulted in the execution of John Fries for treason.
E) resulted in a loss of support for Federalists in southeastern Pennsylvania.

Question 35

The 1796 election pitted John Adams and Thomas Pinckney against:

A) James Madison and John Marshall.
B) Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
C) Aaron Burr and John Jay.
D) Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
E) Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr.

Question 36

The land involved in the Louisiana Purchase:

A) had been claimed by France from the 1600s until the United States acquired it.
B) included all of what is now Texas and the American Southwest.
C) was considered by Jefferson to be practically worthless, yet he did not want it to fall into British hands.
D) stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
E) consisted only of what is today the state of Louisiana and the southern half of Arkansas.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT true about the expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark?

A) They never reached the Pacific coast.
B) They found that the regions west of the Mississippi were already engaging in global trade.
C) It took them two years to complete their journey.
D) They brought back numerous plant and animal specimens.
E) They were seeking a water route to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 38

The "quasi-war" was a war of the United States against:

A) England.
B) Spain.
C) the Netherlands.
D) France.
E) Canada.

Question 39

The Sedition Act of 1798:

A) targeted recent arrivals to the United States.
B) led to the jailing of Federalist editors.
C) was more stringent and oppressive than similar laws in Europe.
D) led Jefferson to argue that states, not the federal government, could punish seditious speech.
E) was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court two years later.

Question 40

In its decision in the case of Fletcher v. Peck, the U.S. Supreme Court:

A) exercised the authority to overturn a state law that the Court considered in violation of the U.S. Constitution.
B) declared that corruption involved in the making of a law automatically invalidated that law.
C) held that slaves who ran away from their masters had to be returned to them, even if the slaves had gone to a free state.
D) asserted that political parties were constitutional even though they were not mentioned in the 1787 document.
E) said that the purchase of land from a foreign power, as in the case of Louisiana, was constitutional.

Question 41

Jefferson's Embargo Act:

A) was successful in restoring freedom of the seas.
B) stopped the policy of impressment.
C) severely hurt the economies of France and England.
D) provoked war with France.
E) caused economic depression within the United States.

Question 42

Who wrote that he hoped that the purchase of Louisiana would lead to the transplanting of all the Indians from east of the Mississippi to west of the Mississippi?

A) Andrew Jackson
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) George Washington
D) William Henry Harrison
E) James Monroe

Question 43

Which of the following was NOT a result of the War of 1812?

A) The Federalist Party disappeared as a significant political entity.
B) Andrew Jackson became a national hero as an example of how virtuous citizens could defeat forces of a "despotic" Europe.
C) Native Americans lost much of their remaining land and power in the Old Northwest and the South, which eased white settlement.
D) Americans felt increasingly separate from Europe.
E) The United States gained land in what is now Maine, Vermont, Michigan, and Minnesota, as well as all of modern Florida.

Question 44

When Andrew Jackson had the chance to obtain African-American help to fight the British in the Battle of New Orleans, he:

A) refused on the grounds that, as a slaveholder, he could not accept their aid.
B) discovered that all the blacks in New Orleans had left the city to support the British.
C) recruited free men of color and promised them the same pay that white recruits received.
D) accepted only enslaved men, to whom he offered freedom as a form of payment.
E) accepted, but that so angered the white recruits that he later dismissed all the black soldiers.

Question 45

Why did Jefferson use the U.S. navy against North African states?

A) The Barbary pirates held American merchant ships hostage and Jefferson sent in the navy rather than pay the ransom.
B) Jefferson wanted to disarm the pasha of Tripoli, who had gathered weapons he planned to use against the United States.
C) Plantation owners wanted to import more Africans before the international slave trade became illegal in 1808, and they needed American firepower to help them do it.
D) Jefferson had tried to cut the naval budget, and Federalists had accused him of being wishy-washy; Jefferson wanted to show that he could be tough.
E) Tripoli had declared war on the United States after Jefferson had refused demands for increased payments to the Barbary pirates.

Question 46

Which of the following contributed to the United States going to war in 1812?

A) Madison's refusal to support Macon's Bill no. 2
B) Great Britain's announcement that it would end the impressment of American sailors
C) congressional War Hawks who pressed for territorial expansion into Florida and Canada
D) Tecumseh's victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe
E) the Republican insistence on high tariffs

Question 47

The Jacobin clubs of Paris were an inspiration for the Democratic-Republican societies.

Question 48

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa were brothers who:

A) preached a militant message to Native Americans early in the nineteenth century.
B) were chiefs of adjacent tribes, the Shawnee and the Seneca.
C) fought beside Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans.
D) both died at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
E) differed on whether Indians or whites were more at fault for Native American problems.

Question 49

What was unusual about the Embargo Act of 1807?

A) It was in response to a British embargo imposed after a British ship sank an American ship-an odd set of circumstances, to say the least.
B) The Republican majority in Congress passed it and Jefferson vetoed it, but he was overridden for the only time in his presidency.
C) It stopped all American vessels from sailing to foreign ports-an amazing use of federal power, especially by a president supposedly dedicated to a weak central government.
D) It would hurt France more than Great Britain, and Jefferson was ardently pro-French.
E) It persuaded the British to agree to American terms, even though Great Britain had not been a target of the Embargo Act.

Question 50

The Republican Party of today started in the 1790s.

Question 51

Most of the public government buildings constructed around 1800 in Washington, D.C., were built by using slave labor.

Question 52

Why did the United States become a one-party nation following the War of 1812?

A) The Republicans were blamed for the British victory in Washington, D.C., and therefore lost power.
B) The Hartford Convention's allegedly treasonous activities fatally damaged the Federalist Party's reputation.
C) Under the Alien and Sedition Acts, Madison was able to silence all opposition.
D) James Monroe's universal popularity as a hero of the War of 1812 made his Republican Party unbeatable.
E) The Federalists were so pleased with the war's outcome that they endorsed a union with the Republicans at their 1816 convention in Hartford.

Question 53

Which of the following contributed to the poor American performance in the War of 1812?

A) The nation was deeply divided about whether to go to war.
B) The renewal of the charter of the Bank of the United States in 1811 prompted other banks to refuse to help the government to fund the war.
C) The war in Europe had ended before the War of 1812 began, and the British were able to pay more attention to the war.
D) Because Jefferson had dismantled the entire U.S. navy, Madison found himself without any ability to fight at sea.
E) The United States fought a two-front war: against the British in Canada and against the Spanish in Florida.

Question 54

After the War of 1812, Americans were compensated for lost slaves:

A) by an international arbitration agreement decided by the Russian czar.
B) by the Treaty of Ghent.
C) by Canadian towns buying the slaves' freedom.
D) by the slaves purchasing their freedom.
E) by forcing France to pay Britain's debts.

Question 55

The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 proved to Federalists that democracy in the hands of the ordinary citizenry was dangerous.

Question 56

Jay's Treaty abandoned any american alliance with Britain by positioning the United States close to France.

Question 57

George Washington wore the finest English clothes at his first inauguration.

Question 58

The treaty that ended the War of 1812:

A) gave the United States large tracts of land in the West.
B) gave Canada the option of joining the United States.
C) was a humiliating treaty for Britain.
D) restored the prewar status quo.
E) resulted in the United States losing land to Canada.

Question 59

The War Hawks in Congress included :

A) Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
B) John Randolph and Rufus King.
C) Oliver Perry and Francis Scott Key.
D) Andrew Jackson and William H. Harrison.
E) Carter Glass and Ernest Hollings.

Question 60

Newspapers and pamphlets were a primary vehicle for political debate in the early republic.

Question 61

Free trade and sailors' rights were the two issues that drew the United States into the War of 1812.

Question 62

By the early 1800s some members of the Creek and Cherokee tribes were living like white Americans as traders and slaveholders.

Question 63

Jefferson was interested in the Louisiana Territory because he wanted to secure permanent access to the port of New Orleans.

Question 64

Louisiana's slaves enjoyed far more freedom under the liberty-loving United States than under the rule of tyrannical Spain.

Question 65

Acre for acre, the Louisiana Purchase was not a bargain.

Question 66

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa tried to revive a pan-Indian movement and unite against the white man.

Question 67

Slave artisans played a prominent role in Gabriel's Rebellion.

Question 68

The Battle of Washington, D.C., valiantly fought by the Americans, was a much needed victory.

Question 69

Canadians tried to rebel against Britain during the War of 1812.

Question 70

The Embargo Act was devastating to the British and French.

Question 71

John Adams's acceptance of defeat in 1800 established the vital precedent of a peaceful transfer of power from a defeated party to its successor.

Question 72

Women were counted fully in determining representation in Congress, and there was nothing specifically limiting women's rights in the Constitution.

Question 73

The Revolution of 1800 was quite violent.

Question 74

Seeing the events as an extension of their own progress of liberty, white Americans supported the Haitian Revolution and the establishment of Haiti as an independent nation in 1804.

Question 75

The U.S. military was well prepared for the War of 1812.

Question 76

The Twelfth Amendment required electors to cast separate votes for president and vice president.

Question 77

When Thomas Jefferson became president, he was not interested in dismantling the policies that the Federalists had established.

Question 78

Pocahontas served as Lewis and Clark's interpreter.

Question 79

The journey from 1804 to 1806 of Lewis and Clark did not produce much valuable information.

Question 80

Most states in the Union supported the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions.