Deck 2: Human Communication

Question 1

According to Burke, which of the following is not a filter or barrier as a sender?

A) wondering if you have something worthy to say
B) your gender
C) feeling anxious about the message
D) wondering if others will understand you

Answer 1

your gender

Question 2

The author believes that there can never by enough empathy.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A major problem in effective listening is

A) one can think faster than the speaker can talk.
B) some speakers talk faster than our brains can process.
C) over-utilization of the "third ear."
D) ear wax.

Answer 3

one can think faster than the speaker can talk.

Question 4

What is a major fear of really understanding another's point of view?

A) You may find out the other person is smarter.
B) You will be expected to show why your viewpoint is right.
C) You run the risk of being changed in your views.
D) You run the risk of becoming more intimate.

Question 5

When others do not understand you, according to Rogers, you

A) can feel very alone.
B) could possibly develop serious psychological problems.
C) could give up hope that you'll ever be understood.
D) all of the above
E) all but one of the above

Question 6

When a person tries to express himself/herself but is not understood, what, according to Rogers, is a possible consequence?

Question 7

The "third ear" refers to

A) environmental stimuli.
B) one who wears an earphone.
C) repeating another's message to make sure it's accurate.
D) non-verbal communication cues.

Question 8

When does it take courage to be a good listener according to Burke?

Question 9

Which is not a way to improve listening skills according to Burke?

A) Listen for the main thought or idea.
B) Try to remember each fact or supporting point.
C) Attempt to find the sender's frame of reference.
D) Watch nonverbal cues.

Question 10

Johnny Bear represented what kind of empathy?

A) true empathy
B) excessive empathy
C) He showed sympathy, not empathy.
D) quasi-empathy

Question 11

According to Burke, what are two major ways in which to become a more effective sender?

Question 12

According to Rogers, a person cannot really hear another if he/she acts in particular ways. Name two of them.

Question 13

Rogers finds that he cannot really hear another when

A) he is sure in advance what another will say.
B) he perceives another's message may be threatening.
C) he distorts another's message to fit what he wants.
D) all of the above
E) all but one of the above

Question 14

Identify and discuss three barriers to effective communication.

Question 15

Describe what happens when a person really hears another according to Rogers.

Question 16

When Rogers says he really hears someone, he detects all of the following except

A) another's words and feelings.
B) a deeper universal meaning.
C) how everyone tends to be like their parents.
D) subconscious meanings.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a method for sending messages effectively?

A) attempt to write your message as well as say it
B) finding the appropriate words and emotions
C) continually looking for comprehension cues from a listener
D) desire to be understood

Question 18

One strength of being an empath is the enhanced ability to self-disclose.

Question 19

Name and discuss two ways to become a more effective listener according to Burke.

Question 20

According to psychotherapist Carl Rogers, a major barrier to effective communication is

A) insufficient knowledge of cultural backgrounds.
B) our tendency to judge and evaluate messages.
C) a hesitancy to self-disclose.
D) being too empathic.

Question 21

The "last minute disclosure" is a recommended technique.

Question 22

Men disclose more negative information than women.

Question 23

In fusion communication the same person is both the sender and receiver.

Question 24

According to the articles, what is a hindrance of quasi-empathy? Being an empathic?

Question 25

The dyad is the single best number of people for effective disclosure.

Question 26

The article says that in any deep, intimate relationship full disclosure of all
your feelings is necessary.

Question 27

Both men and women disclose more as they age.

Question 28

Crisis situations increase the chances of high disclosure.

Question 29

Discuss two of the guidelines mentioned for disclosing in interpersonal relationships.

Question 30

Boomerang dialogue is a form of disclosure preferred in the Australian outback.

Question 31

Which of the following is not a reason for low self-disclosure?

A) fear of rejection
B) inability to recognize emotions
C) fear that the revealed information will not be kept secret
D) too much trust

Question 32

One major research finding on the relationship between self-disclosure and mental health is

A) positive mental health is characterized by high disclosure to a few important people.
B) those who consistently tend to under-disclose are healthier than those who consistently over-disclose.
C) breadth of self-disclosure is highly correlated with positive mental health.
D) the more often one self-discloses, the healthier one becomes.

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the purposes of self-disclosure according to the article?

A) to encourage intimacy
B) to learn about the other person
C) to avoid responsibility
D) to manipulate

Question 34

It is preferable to have one person to receive your disclosures rather than
several.

Question 35

Self-disclosure leads to self-knowledge.

Question 36

Mutual self-disclosure leads to greater intimacy.

Question 37

Discuss at least two kinds of empathy described in this article.

Question 38

In early relationship stages, it is advised to emphasize breadth of
disclosure (vs. depth).

Question 39

Explain and provide an example for each of the following concepts: disclosure breadth and depth, under-disclosure, over-disclosure.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a consequence of over-disclosure according to the article?

A) Others begin to avoid the over-discloser.
B) Others do not feel safe in revealing themselves to an over-discloser.
C) Quick but short-lasting friendships
D) The over-discloser is seen as strange.

Question 41

Tannen writes of a woman who often begins her statements with "Let's." For example, "Let's park over there" or "Let's clean up before lunch." But this usage makes her spouse angry. What does this woman mean by such statements, and why does her spouse react as he does?

Question 42

"Would you like to stop for a drink?" Tannen writes that the wife asked her husband this question to

A) begin a negotiation.
B) get an instant decision.
C) make a ruling.
D) show affection.

Question 43

According to Lange and Jakubowski, assertion involves

A) deference to others.
B) domination of others.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 44

Wife: "Would you like to stop for a drink?" Husband: "No, thanks." Tannen writes that in his answer, the husband was

A) being inconsiderate.
B) expressing a preference.
C) making a ruling.
D) manifesting independence.

Question 45

Discuss and provide examples of two context factors for effective self-disclosure.

Question 46

Tannen writes, "Diana often begins statements with 'Let's'." This is Diana's way of

A) getting others to do what she wants by winning agreement first
B) making suggestions, not demands.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 47

Tannen writes that, as many women do, she approaches the world as a(n)

A) arena where people try to maintain the status quo.
B) network of connections, in which people seek consensus.
C) place where people try to achieve status.
D) stage on which men and women are only players.

Question 48

Tannen notes a common difference between men and women in the way they deal with complaints. What is this difference?

Question 49

Tannen writes that to many men, a complaint is a(n)

A) challenge to come up with a solution.
B) invitation to offer emotional support.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 50

Tannen writes that, as many men do, her own husband approaches the world as a(n)

A) arena of negotiation.
B) community in which people seek consensus.
C) network of connections.
D) place where people try to achieve and maintain status.

Question 51

By always being "on call," we cannot develop sustained attention skills.

Question 52

According to Tannen women struggle to preserve while men tend to focus on establishing .

A) closeness, intimacy
B) intimacy, independence
C) status, independence
D) status, support

Question 53

The title's meaning is closest to

A) focusing
B) multi-tasking
C) you on a boring date

Question 54

Tannen writes that men and women often play by different conversational rules. Identify and describe three of these conflicting sets of rules.

Question 55

Name and explain two purposes of self-disclosure.

Question 56

The article suggests that constant stimulation helps develop higher-order thinking.

Question 57

Which of the following appears to be Tannen's advice to women?

A) A little conflict won't kill you.
B) It's always best to compromise.
C) It's not necessary to oppose the will of others to get your own way.
D) Opt for less confrontation.

Question 58

What is "fusion communication"? Provide examples.

Question 59

Which of the following is more characteristic of men than women according to Tannen?

A) Talk is to express feelings.
B) Talk is to form connections.
C) Talk is for information.
D) Talk is to show involvement and caring.

Question 60

Tannen writes that her husband approaches the world as many men do while she approaches the world as many women do. Describe this gender difference in approach.

Question 61

Describe
(a) assertion,
(b) non-assertion, and
(c) aggression.

Question 62

According to Lange and Jakubowski, assertion involves

A) respect for others.
B) respect for self.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 63

Give an example of assertive, nonassertive, and aggressive responses to the same frustrating situation.

Question 64

Journal feedback is the process of reading your journal entries to someone else and have them comment.

Question 65

Other people more easily respond to assertion when they have been recognized first. This, according to Lange and Jakubowski, is the power involved in

A) basic assertion.
B) confrontive assertion.
C) empathic assertion.
D) escalating assertion.
E) You-language assertion.

Question 66

It is recommended to include doodles and sketchings in a journal.

Question 67

Lange and Jakubowski believe that the goal of assertion is

A) communication and mutuality.
B) compromise regardless of what is at stake.
C) to get one's own needs met.
D) to intimidate another into doing what is best for both of you.
E) to subtly overpower another.

Question 68

According to Lange and Jakubowski, the goal of non-assertion is to

A) appease others and to avoid conflict at any cost.
B) show a respect for the other person.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 69

The "contract option" is a feature of

A) basic assertion.
B) confrontive assertion.
C) empathic assertion.
D) escalating assertion.
E) I-language assertion.

Question 70

"Basic assertion," as defined by Lange and Jakubowski, involves such social skills as

A) confrontation.
B) empathy.
C) persuasion.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 71

According to Lange and Jakubowski, hand wringing is a nonverbal behavior associated with

A) aggression.
B) assertion.
C) non-assertion.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 72

Which of the following illustrates "confrontive assertion"?

A) "Excuse me, I'd like to finish what I'm saying."
B) "I said it was OK to borrow my records as long as you checked with me first. Now you're playing them without asking me. I'd like to know why you did that."
C) "This is the third and last time I am going to tell you that we don't want your company. Please leave!"
D) "When I'm constantly interrupted, I lose my train of thoughts. I start feeling hurt and angry. I'd like you to wait until I finish speaking."

Question 73

"Basic assertion," as Lange and Jakubowski describe it, can involve

A) relinquishing less important personal rights.
B) some minor forms of aggression.
C) taking advantage of others.
D) the expression of affection and appreciation.
E) the expression of weakness.

Question 74

Describe each of the following:
(a) basic assertion,
(b) empathic assertion,
(c) escalating assertion,
(d) confrontive assertion, and
(e) I-language assertion.

Question 75

Lange and Jakubowski state that aggression involves

A) compromise.
B) domination and winning.
C) emotional honesty.
D) mutuality.
E) none of the above

Question 76

T FThe primary purpose of a journal is to have a written record of what you do each day.

Question 77

T FOne of the primary guidelines in journaling is to write in the honesty of the moment.

Question 78

Lange and Jakubowski recommend the use of "confrontive assertion" when

A) both parties have deep feelings of anger.
B) one wants to convey some sensitivity to the other person.
C) one wishes to express particularly difficult negative feelings.
D) one wishes to offer the other a "contract option."
E) the other person's words contradict her or his deeds.

Question 79

"Oh come on (ha ha). You know how much that irritates me when you say things like that (ha ha)." According to Lange and Jakubowski, this response to a sexist remark is an example of

A) aggressive behavior.
B) assertive behavior.
C) I-language assertion.
D) nonassertive behavior.
E) none of the above

Question 80

"I like you." This expression, according to Lange and Jakubowski, is

A) basic assertion.
B) confrontive assertion.
C) empathic assertion.
D) I-language assertion.
E) none of the above