Deck 4: The Tissue Level of Organization

Question 1

Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as

A) neuropsychoepithelia.
B) protective epithelia.
C) neuroepithelia.
D) multilaminar epithelia.
E) psychoepithelia.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the

A) kidneys.
B) urinary bladder.
C) heart and blood vessels.
D) large intestine.
E) mouth.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Simple columnar epithelia are found

A) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands.
B) lining the stomach.
C) lining the urinary bladder.
D) lining kidney tubules.
E) at the surface of the skin.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

White fat is found in , while brown fat is found in .

A) infants; adults
B) women; men
C) adolescents; adults
D) men; women
E) adults; infants

Question 5

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except

A) elastic tissue.
B) aponeuroses.
C) tendons.
D) areolar tissue.
E) ligaments.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false?

A) They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.
B) They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs.
C) They are avascular.
D) They line internal compartments and passageways.
E) They afford little mechanical protection.

Question 7

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

A) urinary bladder.
B) surface of the skin.
C) trachea.
D) stomach.
E) secretory portions of the pancreas.

Question 8

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is muscle.

A) smooth
B) multinucleated
C) cardiac
D) voluntary
E) skeletal

Question 9

All of the following are true of neurons, except that

A) they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
B) when mature, they lose the ability to divide.
C) they are composed of a soma and axon.
D) they conduct a nervous impulse.
E) they are separated from one another by synapses.

Question 10

Cells that are specialized for secretion

A) are usually squamous.
B) have a small nucleus.
C) have a free surface that is flat.
D) are found only in the digestive system.
E) exhibit polarity.

Question 11

Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?

A) connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) muscle tissue
D) osseous tissue
E) neural tissue

Question 12

Endocrine glands empty their products into and are referred to as _ glands, while exocrine gland secretions empty into or onto surfaces.

A) interstitial fluid; ducted; cells
B) interstitial fluid; ducted; interstitial fluid
C) interstitial fluid; ductless; ducts
D) cells; cellular; interstitial fluid
E) ducts; ducted; interstitial fluid

Question 13

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

A) bone.
B) blood.
C) neural tissue.
D) epithelium.
E) fat.

Question 14

The three types of connective tissue include

A) glandular, exocrine, and endocrine.
B) epithelial, muscle, and neural.
C) connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

Question 15

Unlike cartilage, bone

A) is a connective tissue.
B) has a matrix that contains collagen.
C) has cells within lacunae.
D) has an outer covering.
E) is highly vascular.

Question 16

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are

A) melanocytes.
B) fibroblasts.
C) mast cells.
D) macrophages.
E) adipocytes.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about tissue swelling that occurs during inflammation is true?

A) triggered by heparin
B) triggered by histamine
C) caused by increased endothelial permeability
D) both A and C
E) both B and C

Question 18

Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have _ at their free surface.

A) cilia
B) mitochondria
C) Golgi complexes
D) microvilli
E) junctional complexes

Question 19

The most common type of cartilage is cartilage.

A) osseous
B) fibrous
C) hyaline
D) elastic
E) ligamentous

Question 20

Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?

A) dense connective tissue
B) adipose tissue
C) loose connective tissue
D) supporting connective tissue
E) fluid connective tissue

Question 21

A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is termed an)

A) gap junction.
B) occluding junction.
C) desmosome.
D) intermediate junction.
E) any of the above

Question 22

In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell- to- cell junctions are especially abundant?

A) gap junctions
B) desmosomes
C) basolateral junctions
D) hemidesmosomes
E) tight junctions

Question 23

Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells is open to the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably

A) fat tissue.
B) connective tissue.
C) epithelium.
D) neural tissue.
E) muscle tissue.

Question 24

Cells that store fat are called

A) adipocytes.
B) melanocytes.
C) cellulocytes.
D) macrocytes.
E) podocytes.

Question 25

The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as

A) simple squamous.
B) stratified squamous.
C) simple cuboidal.
D) transitional.
E) stratified cuboidal.

Question 26

Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by

A) interfacial canals.
B) proteoglycan.
C) a basal lamina.
D) keratin.
E) a reticular lamina.

Question 27

The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of tissue.

A) adipose
B) irregular dense connective
C) loose connective
D) reticular connective
E) regular dense connective

Question 28

Satellite cells are found in association with

A) skeletal muscle.
B) cardiac muscle.
C) smooth muscle.
D) involuntary muscle.
E) both C and D

Question 29

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?

A) apocrine
B) mucus
C) serous
D) merocrine
E) holocrine

Question 30

Adhesions of abdominopelvic organs occur when

A) synovial membranes are damaged.
B) nerve cells are damaged.
C) muscle is damaged.
D) serous membranes are damaged.
E) any of the above

Question 31

Osseous tissue is also called

A) bone.
B) ligament.
C) cellulite.
D) fat.
E) cartilage.

Question 32

Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of

A) cartilage.
B) areolar tissue.
C) elastic connective tissue.
D) epithelial tissue.
E) adipose tissue.

Question 33

Two types of microphages include

A) mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
B) mast cells and basophils.
C) neutrophils and eosinophils.
D) fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
E) microphages and adipocytes.

Question 34

Connective tissue fibers are produced mainly by

A) melanocytes.
B) mast cells.
C) fibroblasts.
D) macrophages.
E) adipocytes.

Question 35

Two classes of macrophages include

A) mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
B) neutrophils and eosinophils.
C) fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
D) mast cells and basophils.
E) microphages and adipocytes.

Question 36

attach skeletal muscles to bones, and connect one bone to another.

A) Reticular tissues; tendons
B) Tendons; ligaments
C) Ligaments; tendons
D) Ligaments; aponeuroses
E) Aponeuroses; tendons

Question 37

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are

A) interstitial glands.
B) holocrine glands.
C) exocrine glands.
D) merocrine glands.
E) endocrine glands.

Question 38

Which of these refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon?

A) subcutaneous layer
B) subserous fascia
C) superficial fascia
D) hypodermis
E) deep fascia

Question 39

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

A) pleura.
B) peritoneum.
C) perichondrium.
D) pericardium.
E) periosteum.

Question 40

The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is

A) elastin.
B) myosin.
C) connectin.
D) collagen.
E) actin.

Question 41

The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is

A) apical tissue.
B) muscle tissue.
C) connective tissue.
D) epithelial tissue.
E) basal tissue.

Question 42

The pancreas produces secretions.

A) merocrine
B) secretory
C) mucous
D) exocrine and endocrine
E) serous

Question 43

During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?

A) increase in histamine
B) increase in blood flow
C) increase in basophils
D) swelling
E) pale cold skin

Question 44

Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called

A) gap junctions.
B) desmosomes.
C) tight junctions.
D) junctional complexes.
E) intermediate junctions.

Question 45

The basic shapes of epithelial cells include all of the following, except

A) columnar.
B) squamous.
C) oval.
D) cuboidal.
E) both A and B

Question 46

Which type of connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum, or supporting the trachea?

A) elastic
B) areolar
C) hyaline cartilage
D) dense regular
E) fibrous

Question 47

Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for

A) support.
B) conduction.
C) contraction.
D) circulation.
E) secretion.

Question 48

The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the

A) desmosome.
B) hemidesmosome.
C) gap junction.
D) zonula adherens.
E) tight junction.

Question 49

Secretions through a duct might provide _, whereas ductless secretions act as _.

A) lubrication; lubricators
B) odors; alarms
C) transport media; physical protectors
D) superficial relief; interstitial fluid
E) enzymes; hormones

Question 50

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found

A) lining blood vessels.
B) lining the trachea.
C) lining the air sacs of the lungs.
D) at the surface of the skin.
E) forming the kidney tubules.

Question 51

Antibodies are produced by

A) plasmocytes.
B) mast cells.
C) fibroblasts.
D) macrophages.
E) microphages.

Question 52

What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?

A) leukocyte
B) erythrocyte
C) monocyte
D) platelet
E) phagocyte

Question 53

Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the

A) lungs.
B) spleen.
C) superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
D) bony socket of the eye.
E) inner wall of a blood vessel.

Question 54

Watery perspiration is an example of an) secretion.

A) apocrine
B) holocrine
C) mucous
D) serous
E) merocrine

Question 55

Transitional epithelium is found

A) lining the stomach.
B) lining the urinary bladder.
C) lining kidney tubules.
D) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands.
E) at the surface of the skin.

Question 56

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?

A) mucous
B) pleural
C) serous
D) cutaneous
E) synovial

Question 57

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is _ tissue.

A) dense connective
B) loose connective
C) nerve
D) muscle
E) epithelial

Question 58

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of

A) synovial membranes.
B) the lamina propria.
C) mucous membranes.
D) cutaneous membranes.
E) serous membranes.

Question 59

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are

A) tendons.
B) dense irregular connective tissues.
C) areolar tissue.
D) reticular tissues.
E) ligaments.

Question 60

Unicellular exocrine glands secrete

A) sebum.
B) milk.
C) mucus.
D) sweat.
E) insulin.

Question 61

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous

A) perichondrium.
B) matrix.
C) lacunae.
D) periosteum.
E) canaliculi.

Question 62

Name two cell types that contain histamine and heparin

Question 63

Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called
growth.

Question 64

is the fluid component of connective tissue

Question 65

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways, except

A) transporting substances between cells.
B) supporting epithelia.
C) filling spaces between organs.
D) storing triacylglycerols.
E) anchoring blood vessels and nerves.

Question 66

Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are

A) fibroblasts.
B) plasmocytes.
C) lymphocytes.
D) mesenchymal stem cells.
E) mast cells.

Question 67

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of

A) skeletal muscle tissue.
B) smooth muscle tissue.
C) cardiac muscle tissue.
D) A, B, and C
E) none of the above

Question 68

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

A) macrophage
B) fibroblasts
C) mast cell
D) adipocytes
E) lymphocyte

Question 69

A type of epithelium found where absorption or secretion takes place is epithelium.

A) pseudostratified columnar
B) simple squamous
C) simple columnar
D) simple cuboidal
E) any of the above

Question 70

Germinative cells

A) make up most of the epithelial type of tissue.
B) cannot divide.
C) cannot function in the repair of epithelial tissue.
D) start in the superficial layers of epithelial tissue.
E) divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.

Question 71

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is tissue.

A) osseous
B) connective
C) areolar
D) epithelial
E) neural

Question 72

Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.

Question 73

Functions of epithelia include all of the following, except

A) absorption.
B) supporting muscle cells.
C) producing specialized secretions.
D) controlling permeability.
E) providing physical protection.

Question 74

A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called

A) tubuloacinar.
B) compound alveolar.
C) compound tubular.
D) simple acinar.
E) simple tubular.

Question 75

Lymphocytes can develop into cells that secrete defense proteins against disease. These cells are termed , while these proteins are called
.

Question 76

The heart and blood vessels are lined by

A) simple cuboidal epithelium.
B) simple columnar epithelium.
C) simple squamous epithelium.
D) transitional epithelium.
E) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Question 77

The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as .

Question 78

Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely _ _ tissue.

A) epithelial
B) muscle
C) adipose
D) connective
E) neural

Question 79

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

A) polar, cellular, and permeable.
B) collagen, reticular, and elastic.
C) tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments.
D) loose, dense, and irregular.
E) cartilage, bone, and collagen.

Question 80

Characteristics of epithelia include

A) attachment.
B) regeneration.
C) avascularity.
D) polarity.
E) all of the above