Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the layer.

A) subcutaneous
B) reticular
C) papillary
D) epidermal
E) hypodermal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Rickets can be prevented by

A) adequate sunlight.
B) dietary intake of cholecalciferol.
C) avoiding sunlight.
D) A or B
E) B or C

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Characteristics of the epidermis include 15)

A) multilayered.
B) serving as UV radiation protection.
C) flexible.
D) self- repairing.
E) all of the above

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A child who skins his knee in a fall has an)

A) abrasion.
B) incision.
C) laceration.
D) contusion.
E) puncture.

Question 5

sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and sweat glands are found only in a few areas.

A) Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
B) Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous
C) Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
D) Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine
E) Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous

Question 6

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following, except

A) sebaceous glands.
B) sweat glands.
C) epidermis.
D) nails.
E) hair follicles.

Question 7

The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the

A) stratum spinosum.
B) stratum lucidum.
C) stratum corneum.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum germinativum.

Question 8

The glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.

A) apocrine sweat
B) merocrine sweat
C) axillary
D) ceruminous
E) sebaceous

Question 9

Each of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands and sebum is true, except one. Identify the exception.

A) Most sebaceous glands are coiled tubular glands.
B) Most sebaceous glands open into hair follicles.
C) Acne involves inflammation of sebaceous glands.
D) Sebum can function as an antibiotic.
E) Sebum functions to lubricate the hair and skin.

Question 10

Jaundice is indicated by

A) an orange skin coloration.
B) a reddish skin coloration.
C) a bluish skin coloration.
D) a yellowish skin coloration.
E) a brown skin coloration.

Question 11

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage

A) has a tendency to reopen.
B) requires no sutures.
C) closes and heals with relatively little scarring.
D) does not affect the healing process.
E) heals slower than incisions made perpendicular to the lines of cleavage.

Question 12

Vitamin D3 formed within the skin has all of these effects on other organ systems, except that it

A) is essential for bone maintenance and growth of the skeletal system.
B) functions as a precursor for the hormone calcitriol in the endocrine system.
C) is essential for muscle contractions of the muscular system.
D) functions in the activation of innominate cells by the lymphoid system.
E) is essential for absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the digestive system.

Question 13

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the layer.

A) hypodermal
B) subcutaneous
C) epidermal
D) reticular
E) papillary

Question 14

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed,

A) the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus.
B) the texture of the hair will become coarser.
C) the color of the hair will become lighter.
D) the follicle will lose its blood supply.
E) hair production will not be affected.

Question 15

The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the

A) stratum granulosum.
B) stratum corneum.
C) stratum germinativum.
D) stratum lucidum.
E) stratum spinosum.

Question 16

Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the

A) stratum germinativum.
B) stratum corneum.
C) stratum spinosum.
D) stratum granulosum.
E) stratum lucidum.

Question 17

Merocrine sweat contains to protect against bacteria.

A) water
B) metabolic wastes
C) penicillin
D) organic nutrients
E) dermicidin

Question 18

When the hair follicles of the scalp shift from producing terminal hairs to producing club hairs, occurs.

A) puberty
B) senility
C) baldness
D) hirsutism
E) albinism

Question 19

Stretch marks occur when

A) the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.
B) surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skin's lines of cleavage.
C) the hair follicles cease to produce hairs.
D) the skin is stretched in normal movements.
E) athletes overextend a muscle.

Question 20

All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer, except it

A) contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
B) permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C) is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
D) contains many blood vessels.
E) is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin.

Question 21

The repair of the epidermis after a wound begins as basal cells produce new

A) keratinocytes.
B) reticular fibers.
C) dense connective tissue.
D) collagen fibers.
E) elastic fibers.

Question 22

Sensible perspiration is produced by glands.

A) ceruminous
B) sebaceous
C) apocrine sweat
D) merocrine sweat
E) mammary

Question 23

The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are

A) carotene and melanin.
B) carotene and xanthophyll.
C) xanthophyll and melanin.
D) melanin and chlorophyll.
E) none of the above

Question 24

The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are

A) melanocytes.
B) dendritic cells.
C) adipocytes.
D) keratinocytes.
E) fibroblasts.

Question 25

Figure 5- 1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5- 1 to answer the following questions):
The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury. 1. blood clot/scab formation
2) cellular migration
3) epidermis covers granulation tissue
4) epidermis covers scar tissue
The correct order for these events is

A) 4, 3, 1, 2.
B) 3, 4, 1, 2.
C) 2, 4, 1, 3.
D) 4, 3, 2, 1.
E) 1, 2, 3, 4.

Question 26

Lanugo is found

A) on the palms of the hands.
B) on the soles of the feet.
C) on the scalp.
D) on a fetus.
E) both C and D

Question 27

Figure 5- 1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5- 1 to answer the following questions):
Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 28

Nail production occurs at the nail

A) hyponychium.
B) cuticle.
C) root.
D) body.
E) bed.

Question 29

Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?

A) There are fewer dendritic cells in the skin of the elderly.
B) Skin repairs take longer in the elderly.
C) The epidermis is thicker in the elderly.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 30

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found

A) surrounding the genitals.
B) on the palms of the hands.
C) on the chest.
D) in the axillae.
E) on the upper back.

Question 31

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands, except that it

A) helps cool the body when it evaporates.
B) helps to prevent bacteria from colonizing the skin.
C) produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."
D) contains electrolytes and waste products.
E) is more than 99 percent water.

Question 32

Scar tissue is the result of

A) a lack of sebaceous glands in the injured area.
B) increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.
C) a thickened stratum germinativum in the area of the injury.
D) large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
E) increased numbers of fibroblasts in the injured area.

Question 33

Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is termed perspiration.

A) active
B) sensible
C) insensible
D) latent
E) inactive

Question 34

In a penetrating wound, divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis.

A) granulation cells
B) dendritic cells
C) muscle cells
D) macrophages
E) fibroblasts

Question 35

Which of the following statements about rickets is not true?

A) is usually genetic
B) prevented by sunlight
C) leads to weak bones
D) leads to skeletal deformity
E) prevented by vitamin D

Question 36

Cyanosis signifies that a patient

A) has an allergic reaction.
B) has oxygen- starved skin.
C) has had too much sun.
D) has been kept out of the sun.
E) has been exposed to cyanide.

Question 37

Skin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termed

A) dermatitis.
B) melanocytis.
C) papillitis.
D) epidermatitis.
E) superficialis.

Question 38

Figure 5- 1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5- 1 to answer the following questions):
Which layer contains most of the epidermal derivatives?

A) 5
B) 4
C) 1
D) 3
E) 2

Question 39

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges, except that they

A) cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin.
B) contain increased numbers of free nerve endings.
C) extend into the dermis.
D) produce patterns that are determined genetically.
E) interconnect with the dermal papillae.

Question 40

Figure 5- 1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5- 1 to answer the following questions):
From what structure does sensible perspiration occur?

A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9
E) 10

Question 41

An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin B.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin D.
E) vitamin E.

Question 42

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

A) soft keratin.
B) carotene cells.
C) melanocytes.
D) keratinocytes.
E) dermal papillae.

Question 43

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

A) eleidin.
B) perspiration.
C) melanin.
D) keratin.
E) carotene.

Question 44

Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?

A) Sweat gland activity decreases.
B) Evaporative cooling stops.
C) The activity of melanocytes increases.
D) Blood flow to the skin increases.
E) Circulation in the skin decreases.

Question 45

While walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 46

Figure 5- 1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5- 1 to answer the following questions):
Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"?

A) adipose tissue
B) reticular connective tissues
C) cartilage and blood
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) areolar connective tissue

Question 47

Water loss from insensible perspiration

A) is negligible.
B) is approximately 0.5 liter a day.
C) always exceeds sensible perspiration.
D) is too small to be measured reliably.
E) depends on apocrine sweat glands.

Question 48

The nail body covers the

A) nail root.
B) lunula.
C) nail bed.
D) free edge.
E) hyponychium.

Question 49

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system, except

A) protection of underlying tissue.
B) maintenance of body temperature.
C) synthesis of vitamin C.
D) excretion of salts and wastes.
E) provision of sensation.

Question 50

A common cause of dandruff is

A) too many sebaceous glands.
B) inactive apocrine glands.
C) inactive eccrine glands.
D) lack of sebaceous glands.
E) inflammation around sebaceous glands.

Question 51

Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation?

A) wrinkles
B) chromosomal damage in germinative cells or melanocytes
C) production of cholecalciferol within epidermal cells
D) increased activity by melanocytes
E) vitiligo

Question 52

Epidermal growth factor exerts which of these effects on the epidermis?

A) accelerates tissue repair
B) stimulates keratin synthesis
C) speeds up glandular function
D) promotes cell division
E) all of the above

Question 53

Granulation tissue is composed of

A) fibroblasts.
B) an extensive capillary network.
C) clotted blood.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 54

At the base of a nail, keratinized skin called the cuticle is also called the

A) lunula.
B) eponychium.
C) hyponychium.
D) cerumen.
E) phalanx.

Question 55

The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes is the

A) stratum germinativum.
B) stratum granulosum.
C) stratum lucidum.
D) stratum spinosum.
E) stratum corneum.

Question 56

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A) hairs are shed.
B) shivering occurs.
C) sweat is released from sweat glands.
D) "goose bumps" are formed.
E) the skin changes color.

Question 57

Figure 5- 1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5- 1 to answer the following questions):
An intradermal injection is administered into which layer?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 58

The two components of the integumentary system are the

A) cutaneous membrane and hypodermis.
B) epidermis and dermis.
C) integument and hypodermis.
D) cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
E) epidermis and superficial fascia.

Question 59

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin, except that it

A) is produced by cells called melanocytes.
B) protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation.
C) increases with increased levels of the hormone MSH.
D) decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.
E) is usually some shade of brown or black.

Question 60

are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

A) Dendritic cells
B) Squamous cells
C) Merkel cells
D) Basal cells
E) Melanocytes

Question 61

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because

A) cells of the stratum germinativum cannot migrate to other positions in the skin.
B) fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis.
C) the epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels.
D) stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective- tissue components of the skin even after injury.
E) contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together.

Question 62

The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

A) melanin.
B) elastin.
C) collagen.
D) carotene.
E) keratin.

Question 63

Thin skin contains layers) of keratinocytes, and thick skin contains layers.

A) 1; 2
B) 2; 3
C) 3; 4
D) 4; 5
E) 5; 6

Question 64

is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.

Question 65

A deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is _ _.

Question 66

The drug _ _ increases dermal blood flow and makes the skin red.

Question 67

are fine hairs like "velvet") that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface.

Question 68

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called an) .

Question 69

The substance called sebum is commonly known as

Question 70

The in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight.

A) keratin
B) melanin
C) carotene
D) sebum
E) hemoglobin

Question 71

Hairs are produced within organs called _

Question 72

In the condition known as erythema, the skin takes on an) _ _ color.

Question 73

Earwax is produced by glands.

A) eccrine sweat
B) sebaceous
C) merocrine sweat
D) ceruminous
E) apocrine sweat

Question 74

A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called an)

Question 75

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are _ glands.

A) apocrine sweat
B) mammary
C) sebaceous
D) ceruminous
E) merocrine sweat

Question 76

The layer of hard keratin that coats the hair is termed the

A) root.
B) hair bulb.
C) cuticle.
D) medulla.
E) shaft.

Question 77

The combination of fibrin clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network that is formed in injured skin is called _.

Question 78

Each of the following statements concerning hair is true, except one. Identify the exception.

A) Scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life.
B) The medulla is the soft core of the hair.
C) The cortex of the hair is composed of hard keratin.
D) Club hair is hair that has ceased growing.
E) Terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair.

Question 79

_ are accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis.

Question 80

A bruise turns "black and blue" because of in the dermis