Deck 20: The Lymphoid System and Immunity

Question 1

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called immunity.

A) auto
B) passive
C) natural passive
D) innate
E) active

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Figure 20- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 20- 1 to answer the following questions:
Which of these is not a property of AIDS?

A) attacks the T helper CD4) cells
B) is spread most often through sexual contact
C) has killed at least ½ million people in the United States
D) is declining worldwide
E) almost always eventually fatal.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In general, lymphocytes

A) spend most of their time in lymphoid tissue.
B) have relatively long life spans.
C) have two nuclei.
D) all of the above
E) A and B only

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only

A) when plasma cells are releasing antibodies.
B) when NK cells are activated.
C) during infections.
D) when cytotoxic T cells are inhibited.
E) in antigen- presenting cells and lymphocytes.

Question 5

Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?

A) liver cells and macrophages in the spleen
B) red blood cells
C) all body cells with a nucleus
D) granulocytes and microphages
E) lymphocytes and antigen- presenting cells

Question 6

Stress can affect the immune response in all of the following ways, except by

A) inhibiting glucocorticoid release.
B) reducing the number of phagocytes.
C) depressing the inflammatory response.
D) inhibiting interleukin secretion.
E) increasing the level of glucocorticoids.

Question 7

Lymphocytes

A) decrease in number during infection.
B) destroy red blood cells.
C) are actively phagocytic.
D) respond to antigens.
E) are primarily found in red bone marrow.

Question 8

The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in

A) complement activation and opsonization.
B) neutralization of the antigen.
C) agglutination or precipitation.
D) all of the above
E) A and B only

Question 9

The following are steps in the cell- mediated immune response. 1. Several cycles of mitosis occur.
2) Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage.
3) Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection.
4) T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen.
5) T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells.
6) Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.
The correct sequence for these steps is

A) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6.
B) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6.
C) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6.
D) 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2.
E) 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 2.

Question 10

Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that

A) the lymph gland has increased its secretion of thymosin.
B) the focus of the infection is the lymph glands.
C) lymph is not flowing through these lymph glands.
D) the lymph gland is actively producing phagocytes.
E) the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

Question 11

Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

A) IgD.
B) IgM.
C) IgG.
D) IgE.
E) IgA.

Question 12

Which of the following interleukins stimulates T cells to produce IL- 2, promotes inflammation, and causes fever?

A) IL- 8
B) IL- 3
C) IL- 4
D) IL- 1
E) both A and D

Question 13

Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with

A) sensory nerve endings.
B) adipose tissue.
C) hyaline cartilage.
D) blood vessels.
E) both A and C

Question 14

Figure 20- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 20- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "1."

A) afferent lymphatic vessel
B) efferent lymphatic vessel
C) arteriole
D) venule
E) lymphoid nodule

Question 15

The largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body is found in the

A) pancreas.
B) kidney.
C) liver.
D) thyroid gland.
E) spleen.

Question 16

Which class of leukocytes is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?

A) T lymphocytes.
B) free and fixed macrophages.
C) neutrophils.
D) red blood cells.
E) B lymphocytes.

Question 17

The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except

A) stimulation of inflammation.
B) destruction of target cell plasma membranes.
C) inhibition of the immune response.
D) chemotaxis.
E) opsonization.

Question 18

Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs?

A) lymph nodes
B) tonsils
C) spleen
D) thymus
E) all of the above

Question 19

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include

A) sebaceous glands.
B) epithelia.
C) mucus.
D) epidermal layers.
E) all of the above

Question 20

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they

A) are larger in diameter.
B) are smaller in diameter.
C) are frequently irregular in shape.
D) have no basement membrane.
E) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles.

Question 21

Plasma contains special complement proteins that form the complement system.

A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 3
E) 11

Question 22

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called immunity.

A) naturally acquired active
B) innate
C) auto
D) natural passive
E) passive

Question 23

Figure 20- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 20- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A) inner cortex
B) outer cortex
C) medulla
D) cortical sinus
E) trabeculae

Question 24

Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

A) skin defenses.
B) immunological surveillance.
C) nonspecific immunity.
D) fever.
E) specific immunity.

Question 25

Suppressor T cells act to

A) inhibit T and B cell activities.
B) suppress antigens.
C) limit antigen proliferation.
D) produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity.
E) erase memory T cells.

Question 26

In IgG, the antigen binding site is formed by

A) the variable segment of the heavy chain
B) the variable segment of the light chain
C) the constant segment of the heavy chain
D) A + B
E) A + C

Question 27

All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it

A) involutes after puberty.
B) lies in the anterior mediastinum.
C) activates B cells.
D) produces T cells.
E) reaches its greatest relative size during the second year of life.

Question 28

Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?

A) secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis
B) secrete mutant proteins
C) secrete strong acid
D) secrete free radicals
E) secrete organic solvent

Question 29

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation, except

A) swelling of the inflamed tissue.
B) redness of the inflamed tissue.
C) chemotaxis of phagocytes.
D) heat of the inflamed tissue.
E) movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space.

Question 30

Infection with the HIV virus occurs through

A) sharing clothes with an infected individual.
B) eating contaminated food.
C) casual contact with an infected individual.
D) intimate contact with an infected person's body fluids.
E) airborne droplets from coughs and sneezes.

Question 31

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the

A) spleen.
B) liver.
C) bone marrow.
D) thymus.
E) kidneys.

Question 32

Figure 20- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 20- 1 to answer the following questions:
Specific defenses depend on the activities of

A) monocytes.
B) erythrocytes.
C) agranulocytes.
D) leukocytes.
E) lymphocytes.

Question 33

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

A) NK cells.
B) phagocytes.
C) T cells.
D) B cells.
E) plasma cells.

Question 34

T is to as B is to .

A) thyroid; bowel
B) top; bottom
C) thymus- dependent; bone marrow- derived
D) non- thymus- dependent; bottom
E) none of the above

Question 35

The release of endogenous pyrogen or interleukin- 1) by active macrophages would

A) activate complement.
B) opsonize pathogens.
C) cause inflammation.
D) activate antibodies.
E) produce a fever.

Question 36

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions, except the

A) left side of neck.
B) pelvic viscera.
C) right breast.
D) left breast.
E) left arm and shoulder.

Question 37

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

A) Peyer patches.
B) white pulp.
C) adenoids.
D) lymph nodes.
E) red pulp.

Question 38

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may activate antibody production are

A) IgE.
B) IgD.
C) IgA.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 39

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

A) bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte.
B) bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface.
C) enter the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte.
D) be phagocytized by the lymphocyte.
E) depolarize the lymphocyte.

Question 40

Helper T cells do all of the following, except

A) enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells.
B) enhance nonspecific defenses.
C) trigger B- cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production.
D) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.
E) attract and stimulate the activity of NK cells.

Question 41

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the

A) CNS.
B) periphery.
C) renal arteries.
D) throat.
E) groin.

Question 42

The merging of _ forms the right lymphatic duct.

A) the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks
B) superior and inferior lymphatic ducts
C) two great vessels
D) the left jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks
E) the thoracic and mediastinal ducts

Question 43

Which of these is not a property of an IgG heavy chain?

A) binds one light chain
B) has one variable segment
C) binds antigen at both ends
D) has one constant segment
E) binds complement in the constant region

Question 44

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called immunity.

A) innate
B) auto
C) naturally acquired passive
D) passive
E) active

Question 45

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

A) right lymphatic duct.
B) thoracic duct.
C) dural sinus.
D) hepatic portal vein.
E) cisterna chyli.

Question 46

In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of

A) passive immunization.
B) innate immunity.
C) natural immunity.
D) alloimmunity.
E) active immunization.

Question 47

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to

A) a plasma protein.
B) an antibody attached to an antigen.
C) the cell wall of bacteria.
D) the plasma membrane of bacteria.
E) a cell surface antigen.

Question 48

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are cells.

A) liver
B) plasma
C) helper T
D) NK
E) thymus

Question 49

T cells and B cells can be activated only by

A) disease- causing agents.
B) exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.
C) cells infected with viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells.
D) pathogens.
E) interleukins, interferons, and colony- stimulating factors.

Question 50

Autoantibodies

A) are the first step in immunological competence.
B) are directed against the body's own antigens.
C) are produced by activated T cells.
D) are important in tissue rejection reactions.
E) are produced during an allergic reaction.

Question 51

The medullary cords of a lymph node contain lymphocytes and plasma cells.

A) B
B) medullary
C) NK
D) cytotoxic T
E) cordal

Question 52

All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity, except that it

A) results in much quicker rise in antibody titers.
B) produces more effective antibodies.
C) weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.
D) results in much higher antibody titers than in the primary response.
E) depends on memory B cells.

Question 53

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a cell.

A) plasma
B) helper T
C) NK
D) cytotoxic T
E) B

Question 54

Each IgG has binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) up to 8
E) as many as a 1000

Question 55

If the disulfide bonds in IgG were broken, how many protein chains would be set free?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 2
D) 8
E) dozens

Question 56

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the cells.

A) helper T
B) B
C) cytotoxic T
D) suppressor T
E) plasma

Question 57

is the class of antibody first secreted in response to a new antigen.

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgE
D) IgA
E) IgD

Question 58

Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the

A) circulation.
B) spleen.
C) thymus.
D) red marrow.
E) yellow marrow.

Question 59

Inflammation produces localized

A) heat.
B) swelling.
C) redness.
D) pain.
E) all of the above

Question 60

Which of the following statements about MHC proteins is not true?

A) fall into two major classes
B) function in antigen presentation
C) bind complement
D) are found on all nucleated cells
E) allow the body to differentiate its own cells from foreign cells

Question 61

An inflammatory response is triggered when

A) neutrophils phagocytize bacteria.
B) blood flow to an area increases.
C) red blood cells release pyrogens.
D) T cells release interferon.
E) mast cells release histamine and heparin.

Question 62

Lymphoid tissue is found in the greatest quantity in

A) bone marrow.
B) the adult thymus.
C) the tonsils.
D) the adult spleen.
E) Peyer patches.

Question 63

Interleukins do all of the following, except

A) stimulate B- cell activity, plasma cell formation, and antibody production.
B) elevate body temperature.
C) stimulate collagen synthesis.
D) increase T- cell sensitivity to antigens exposed on macrophage membranes.
E) stimulate inflammation.

Question 64

In an experiment, Roger injects mice with interleukin- 2 IL- 2). After 3 days he examines the blood and lymph for changes. What would you expect to observe following this treatment?

A) decreased number of T cells
B) increased number of T cells
C) increased number of mast cells
D) decreased number of B cells
E) both A and D

Question 65

Cells that help regulate the immune response are cells.

A) NK
B) helper T
C) cytotoxic T
D) B
E) plasma

Question 66

Newborns gain their immunity initially from

A) antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother.
B) breast milk.
C) early immunizations.
D) contact with siblings.
E) contact with viruses and bacteria.

Question 67

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the cells.

A) B
B) NK
C) plasma
D) suppressor T
E) helper T

Question 68

In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM titer for the mumps virus but a low IgG anti- mumps titer. This would indicate the person

A) is allergic to mumps.
B) is immune to mumps.
C) has just recovered from mumps.
D) was recently infected with mumps.
E) is relying on passive immunity.

Question 69

C:\User Figure 20- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 20- 1 to answer the following questions:
The white pulp of the spleen is populated by

A) fibrous connective tissue.
B) veins.
C) arteries.
D) trabeculae.
E) lymphocytes.

Question 70

Figure 20- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 20- 1 to answer the following questions:
Lymphatic capillaries are known for

A) being the smallest lymphatic vessels.
B) shingle- like endothelial cells.
C) being the starting point of the lymphatic circulation.
D) having larger diameters and looser walls than blood capillaries.
E) all of the above

Question 71

are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

A) Immune complexes
B) Adenoids
C) Tonsils
D) Lymph glands
E) Peyer patches

Question 72

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their

A) antigen specificity.
B) light- chain variable segments.
C) heavy- chain constant segments.
D) asymmetry.
E) both C and D

Question 73

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

A) neutrophils.
B) T cells.
C) NK cells.
D) B lymphocytes.
E) both B and C

Question 74

Lymphocyte production involves

A) bone marrow.
B) peripheral lymphoid tissues.
C) thymus tissue.
D) all of the above
E) A and B only

Question 75

Lymph nodes range in diameter from

A) 1 nm to 10 nm.
B) 1 cm to 1 inch.
C) 1 cm to 25 cm.
D) 1 mm to 25 mm.
E) 1 inch to 2 inches.

Question 76

Figure 20- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 20- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "3."

A) cortex
B) capsule
C) subcapsular space
D) outer cortex
E) trabeculae

Question 77

Characteristics of specific defenses include

A) tolerance.
B) memory.
C) versatility.
D) specificity.
E) all of the above

Question 78

The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the

A) tonsils.
B) thymus.
C) spleen.
D) lymph nodes.
E) liver.

Question 79

C:\User Figure 20- 1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 20- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled "4."

A) T cells
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) B cells
E) all of the above

Question 80

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except

A) secretions.
B) body hair.
C) epithelium.
D) complement.
E) basement membranes.