Deck 19: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except

A) relaxation of precapillary sphincters.
B) increased hematocrit.
C) increased vessel diameter.
D) decreased peripheral resistance.
E) increased blood pressure.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

A) arteriolar
B) muscular
C) vascular
D) elastic
E) connective

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The thoroughfare channel ends at the

A) venule.
B) vein.
C) arteriole.
D) capillary.
E) artery.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

A) internal elastic membrane
B) tunica intima
C) external elastic membrane
D) tunica externa
E) tunica media

Question 5

The inferior vena cava is classified as an)

A) large vein.
B) venule.
C) arteriovenule.
D) medium vein.
E) venous valve.

Question 6

In comparing a trained athlete to a nonathlete, which of these comparisons is false?

A) Both hearts weigh about the same.
B) The athlete has a higher exercise cardiac output.
C) The athlete has a higher exercise stroke volume.
D) The athlete has a higher resting stroke volume.
E) The athlete has a lower resting heart rate.

Question 7

C:\User Figure 19- 2 Veins
Use Figure 19- 2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the vein labeled "8."

A) superior vena cava
B) external jugular
C) brachiocephalic
D) subclavian
E) axillary

Question 8

Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel?

A) connective
B) elastic
C) muscular
D) venule
E) arteriole

Question 9

The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the vein.

A) iliac
B) axillary
C) brachiocephalic
D) azygos
E) hemiazygos

Question 10

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

A) capillary.
B) venule.
C) arteriole.
D) artery.
E) vein.

Question 11

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except

A) decrease in blood volume.
B) increased levels of aldosterone.
C) release of renin.
D) increased levels of ANP atrial natriuretic peptide).
E) decreased peripheral resistance.

Question 12

In which of the following would the resistance be greater?

A) a vessel 1 mm in diameter
B) a vessel 10 microns in diameter

Question 13

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except

A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
B) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
C) muscular compression.
D) the respiratory pump.
E) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Question 14

The external iliac artery branches to form the arteries.

A) tibial and popliteal
B) radial and ulnar
C) femoral and deep femoral
D) femoral and popliteal
E) femoral and tibial

Question 15

Veins of the upper arm include the veins).

A) basilic
B) brachial
C) cephalic
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C

Question 16

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the pressure.

A) mean arterial
B) pulse
C) blood
D) critical closing
E) circulatory

Question 17

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except

A) activation of ADH secretion.
B) increased thirst and water intake.
C) activation of aldosterone secretion.
D) inhibition of EPO secretion.
E) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure.

Question 18

C:\User Figure 19- 2 Veins
Use Figure 19- 2 to answer the following questions:
Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

A) vessel diameter
B) vascular resistance
C) turbulence
D) blood viscosity
E) all of the above

Question 19

Fear can result in

A) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers.
B) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.
C) decreased blood pressure.
D) increased heart rate.
E) both B and C

Question 20

RBCs move single file through this structure.

A) vein
B) venule
C) artery
D) capillary
E) arteriole

Question 21

Which of the following is greater?

A) stroke volume during circulatory shock
B) normal stroke volume
C) Both are about the same.

Question 22

When will the blood pressure be greater?

A) when the peripheral vessels constrict
B) when the peripheral vessels dilate
C) Neither is greater.

Question 23

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

A) capillaries
B) arterioles
C) venules
D) arteries
E) veins

Question 24

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,

A) venous return is decreased.
B) heart rate is reflexly elevated.
C) the carotid baroreceptors become less active.
D) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.
E) all of the above

Question 25

During exercise

A) venous return increases.
B) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles.
C) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 26

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body

A) experiences a recall of interstitial fluids.
B) experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure.
C) increases water intake.
D) accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys.
E) all of the above

Question 27

Which of the following would you expect to have the lowest resting heart rate?

A) a person with heart failure
B) an 80- year- old woman
C) a teenager with a sedentary lifestyle
D) a trained athlete
E) an unconditioned adult

Question 28

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

A) continuous capillaries.
B) sinusoids.
C) fenestrated capillaries.
D) vasa vasorum.
E) sinusoidal capillaries.

Question 29

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the

A) superior vena cava.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) internal jugular vein.
D) coronary sinus.
E) external jugular vein.

Question 30

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

A) heart rate.
B) cardiac output.
C) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
D) blood flow to the lungs.
E) none of the above

Question 31

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

A) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.
B) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.
C) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.
D) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.
E) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.

Question 32

ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long- term compensation for

A) a heavy meal.
B) a serious hemorrhage.
C) a heart attack.
D) prolonged exercise.
E) hypertension.

Question 33

Figure 19- 1 Arteries
Use Figure 19- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the artery labeled "12."

A) inferior mesenteric
B) superior mesenteric
C) splenic
D) axillary
E) celiac trunk

Question 34

Figure 19- 2 Veins
Use Figure 19- 2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the vein labeled "9."

A) brachial
B) cephalic
C) median cubital
D) axillary
E) basilic

Question 35

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

A) decreased plasma albumen
B) increased blood hydrostatic pressure
C) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure
D) both A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 36

At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the vein.

A) innominate
B) azygos
C) cephalic
D) subclavian
E) external jugular

Question 37

Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the veins).

A) great saphenous
B) posterior tibial
C) small saphenous
D) A, B, and C
E) A and C only

Question 38

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly percent of deaths in the United States.

A) 30
B) 25
C) 60
D) 20
E) 50

Question 39

The two common iliac veins form the

A) femoral vein.
B) greater saphenous vein.
C) hepatic portal vein.
D) innominate vein.
E) inferior vena cava.

Question 40

Figure 19- 1 Arteries
Use Figure 19- 1 to answer the following questions:
Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased

A) cardiac output.
B) blood volume.
C) parasympathetic innervation.
D) peripheral resistance.
E) force of cardiac contraction.

Question 41

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

A) arterioles.
B) arteries.
C) veins.
D) venules.
E) capillaries.

Question 42

Figure 19- 2 Veins
Use Figure 19- 2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the vein labeled "15."

A) radial
B) basilic
C) axillary
D) brachial
E) ulnar

Question 43

When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the vein.

A) external iliac
B) femoral
C) deep femoral
D) lumbar
E) internal iliac

Question 44

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

A) vein
B) venule
C) arteriole
D) capillary
E) artery

Question 45

Figure 19- 1 Arteries
Use Figure 19- 1 to answer the following questions:
The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

A) internal elastic membrane.
B) tunica intima.
C) tunica media.
D) tunica externa.
E) external elastic membrane.

Question 46

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the

A) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
B) blood vessel diameter.
C) flow characteristics.
D) blood viscosity.
E) length of a blood vessel.

Question 47

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered

A) a medium vein.
B) a large vein.
C) an arteriovenule.
D) a venule.
E) a venous valve.

Question 48

Figure 19- 1 Arteries
Use Figure 19- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the artery labeled "1."

A) brachiocephalic
B) axillary
C) aorta
D) common carotid
E) brachial

Question 49

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

A) high cholesterol
B) smoking
C) lack of exercise
D) obesity
E) all of the above

Question 50

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules
2) arterioles
3) capillaries
4) elastic arteries
5) medium veins
6) large veins
7) muscular arteries

A) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
B) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6
C) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
D) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
E) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4

Question 51

Figure 19- 2 Veins
Use Figure 19- 2 to answer the following questions:
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

A) sinuses.
B) perforated capillaries.
C) discontinuous capillaries.
D) vasa vasorum.
E) fenestrated capillaries.

Question 52

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,

A) heart rate increases.
B) heart rate decreases.
C) stroke volume increases.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C

Question 53

After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the artery.

A) ulnar
B) brachial
C) digital
D) subclavian
E) radial

Question 54

Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest?

A) Skin blood flow is lower.
B) Cardiac output is higher.
C) Abdominal viscera blood flow is lower.
D) Heart blood flow is higher.
E) Kidney blood flow is lower.

Question 55

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except

A) stimulation of the heart by epinephrine.
B) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C) increased venous return.
D) increased blood concentration of glucose.
E) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.

Question 56

The divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta.

A) mediastinum
B) pericardium
C) diaphragm
D) pleura
E) peritoneum

Question 57

Venoconstriction _ the amount of blood within the venous system, which _ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

A) doubles; decreases
B) increases; reduces
C) decreases; doubles
D) reduces; increases
E) none of the above

Question 58

Branches off the aortic arch include the

A) left subclavian artery.
B) brachiocephalic trunk.
C) left common carotid artery.
D) all of the above
E) B and C only

Question 59

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) skin.
D) kidneys.
E) liver.

Question 60

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

A) venous pressure.
B) peripheral pressure.
C) diastolic pressure.
D) capillary hydrostatic pressure.
E) pulse pressure.

Question 61

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the

A) innominate vein.
B) subclavian vein.
C) superior vena cava.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) azygos vein.

Question 62

Figure 19- 1 Arteries
Use Figure 19- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the artery labeled "16."

A) celiac
B) axillary
C) inferior mesenteric
D) superior mesenteric
E) splenic

Question 63

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

A) arteriovenous pressure.
B) peripheral pressure.
C) capillary hydrostatic pressure.
D) arterial pressure.
E) pulse pressure

Question 64

Figure 19- 1 Arteries
Use Figure 19- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the arteries labeled "9."

A) aorta
B) brachial
C) common carotid
D) axillary
E) brachiocephalic

Question 65

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

A) medium veins
B) venous valves
C) venules
D) arteriovenules
E) large veins

Question 66

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

A) four times greater.
B) unchanged.
C) doubled.
D) 1/4 as much.
E) halved.

Question 67

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

A) hypotension
B) myocardial infarction
C) quadriplegia
D) stroke
E) pulmonary embolism

Question 68

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased

A) venous return and preload.
B) salt and water loss through the kidneys.
C) blood volume.
D) sodium ion levels in blood.
E) both B and D

Question 69

Figure 19- 1 Arteries
Use Figure 19- 1 to answer the following questions:
The vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein.

A) inferior vena cava
B) azygous
C) common iliac
D) external iliac
E) internal iliac

Question 70

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?

A) 0.4 mm
B) 0.4 cm
C) 0.2 mm
D) 1.0 cm
E) none of the above

Question 71

Which of the following obeys the rule that arteries carry blood away from the heart?

A) common carotid artery
B) right coronary artery
C) marginal artery
D) left circumflex artery
E) left descending artery

Question 72

Veins of the brain empty into

A) coronary sinuses.
B) dural sinuses.
C) external jugular veins.
D) the circle of Willis.
E) vertebral veins.

Question 73

The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is:

A) bradykinin.
B) tachykinin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) epinephrine.
E) sympathetic neuropeptide.

Question 74

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the

A) circle of Willis.
B) external carotid artery.
C) basilar artery.
D) common carotid artery.
E) internal carotid artery.

Question 75

Branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following, except the arteries.

A) esophageal
B) basilar
C) superior phrenic
D) bronchial
E) intercostal

Question 76

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the artery.

A) internal carotid
B) external carotid
C) mental
D) maxillary
E) azygos

Question 77

Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is

A) the brachial artery.
B) the subclavian artery.
C) the femoral artery.
D) the external carotid artery.
E) none of the above

Question 78

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

A) increased sympathetic activity
B) circulatory shock
C) hypertension
D) vasospasm of the renal arteries
E) renal artery thrombus

Question 79

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

A) concentration of plasma glucose.
B) concentration of plasma proteins.
C) number of red blood cells.
D) concentration of plasma sodium ions.
E) concentration of plasma waste products.

Question 80

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

A) internal elastic membrane
B) external elastic membrane
C) tunica externa
D) tunica media
E) tunica intima