Deck 15: The Special Senses

Question 1

The vitreous body

A) is replaced at the rate of 20 percent per year until middle age.
B) helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina.
C) fills the posterior cavity.
D) A, B, and C
E) A and B only

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The cell bodies of sensory neurons that innervate the hair cells of the cochlea form the ganglion.

A) auditory
B) vestibular
C) acoustic
D) spiral
E) cochlear

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The shape of the lens is controlled by the

A) pupillary sphincter muscles.
B) pupillary radial muscles.
C) ciliary muscles.
D) iris.
E) A, B, and C

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
The frequency of a perceived sound depends on

A) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.
B) the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane.
C) the frequency of stereocilia vibration.
D) the number of hair cells that are stimulated.
E) the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct.

Question 5

When a rod is stimulated by light,

A) the retinal changes from the 11- cis to the 11- trans form.
B) cGMP decreases and sodium channels close.
C) less neurotransmitter is released.
D) the plasma membrane becomes hyperpolarized.
E) all of the above

Question 6

The external ear ends at the

A) ossicles.
B) pinna.
C) tympanic membrane.
D) vestibule.
E) cochlea.

Question 7

All of the following are true of the lacrimal glands, except that they

A) are located in recesses in the frontal bones.
B) produce most of the volume of tears.
C) produce watery, slightly alkaline secretions.
D) produce lysozyme.
E) produce a strongly hypertonic fluid.

Question 8

The ciliary muscle contracts to

A) control the production of aqueous humor.
B) adjust the shape of the lens for distant vision.
C) control the amount of light reaching the retina.
D) adjust the shape of the cornea and vitreous.
E) adjust the shape of the lens for near vision.

Question 9

The largest numbers of taste buds in adults are associated with the

A) fungiform papillae.
B) larynx.
C) circumvallate papillae.
D) filiform papillae.
E) pharynx.

Question 10

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
Which structure contains the receptors for hearing?

A) 10
B) 9
C) 8
D) 11
E) 6

Question 11

The space between the cornea and the iris is the

A) aqueous humor.
B) anterior cavity.
C) pupil.
D) posterior cavity.
E) canal of Schlemm.

Question 12

Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
The part of the eye that determines eye color is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) canal of Schlemm.
C) iris.
D) cornea.
E) pupil.

Question 13

Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?

A) equilibrium
B) audition
C) olfaction
D) A, B, and C
E) B and C only

Question 14

A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that contribute to a gritty deposit is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) Meibomian gland.
C) palpebra.
D) lacrimal caruncle.
E) chalazion.

Question 15

Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the space labeled "1."

A) posterior chamber
B) anterior cavity
C) pupil
D) posterior cavity
E) both A and D

Question 16

The transparent portion of the fibrous tunic is the

A) cornea.
B) pupil.
C) canthus.
D) conjunctiva.
E) iris.

Question 17

The following steps occur in rods when they are excited by photons of light. 1. Membrane sodium channels close.
2) Increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP.
3) Retinal changes from the 11- cis form to the 11- trans form.
4) The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines.
5) Opsin activates transducin.
6) Opsin activation occurs.
The proper sequence for these steps is

A) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2.
B) 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3.
C) 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4.
D) 3, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4.
E) 6, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4.

Question 18

Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the

A) cochlea.
B) saccule and utricle.
C) organ of Corti.
D) statoconia.
E) semicircular canals.

Question 19

The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the

A) membranous labyrinth.
B) auditory tube.
C) bony labyrinth.
D) auditory meatus.
E) auricle.

Question 20

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
The palpebrae

A) are controlled by cranial nerves.
B) cover and protect the eye.
C) contain tarsal glands.
D) support the lateral rectus muscles of the eye.
E) A, B, and C

Question 21

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structures labeled "8."

A) auricle
B) tympanic membrane
C) auditory ossicles
D) vestibule
E) cochlea

Question 22

The covers most of the exposed surface of the eye.

A) cornea
B) anterior chamber
C) iris
D) conjunctiva
E) canthus

Question 23

Which of the following is true of the vascular tunic of the eye?

A) provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye
B) secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor
C) controls the shape of the lens
D) regulates the amount of light entering the eye
E) all of the above

Question 24

The gelatinous material that gives the eyeball its basic shape is the

A) posterior cavity.
B) vitreous humor.
C) ora serrata.
D) perilymph.
E) aqueous humor.

Question 25

In the retina, the correct sequence of neural wiring is

A) cone-bipolar cell-horizontal cell-P cell.
B) rod-bipolar cell-amacrine cell-M cell.
C) cone-bipolar cell-P cells-inferior colliculus.
D) rod-bipolar cell-M cell-thalamus.
E) rod-bipolar cell-P cell-thalamus.

Question 26

A sty _

A) is a painful swelling in an eyelash.
B) may involve a sebaceous gland.
C) may involve a tarsal gland.
D) is often caused by bacteria.
E) all of the above

Question 27

Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals

A) produces a rushing sound.
B) signals linear acceleration.
C) signals body position with respect to gravity.
D) signals rotational movements.
E) allows us to hear low tones.

Question 28

The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of

A) Meissner corpuscles.
B) light receptors in the eye.
C) mechanoreceptors in the ear.
D) lamellated corpuscles.
E) olfactory receptors.

Question 29

Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound

A) opsin.
B) retinal.
C) cGMP.
D) transducin.
E) rhodopsin.

Question 30

Which of the following produces a lipid- rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges?

A) tarsal gland
B) conjunctiva
C) palpebra
D) lacrimal caruncle
E) chalazion

Question 31

In which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater?

A) an object 20 feet away
B) an object 10 inches away from your nose

Question 32

What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?

A) iris
B) extrinsic eye muscles
C) aqueous humor
D) ciliary body
E) none, because the lens is rigid

Question 33

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia?

A) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
B) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells
C) seal the oval window
D) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth

Question 34

The structure that supports the organ of Corti is the

A) basilar membrane.
B) tectorial membrane.
C) membranous labyrinth.
D) tympanic membrane.
E) vestibular duct.

Question 35

A loud noise causes

A) a big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window.
B) an alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation.
C) a large movement of the tympanic membrane.
D) reflex contractions of middle ear muscles.
E) all of the above

Question 36

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stapes?

A) necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
B) moves up and down when the stapedius muscle contracts
C) auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane
D) bending it produces receptor potential in hair cells
E) seals the oval window

Question 37

Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain?

A) frontal lobe
B) cerebellum
C) parietal lobe
D) medulla oblongata
E) cerebrum

Question 38

Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places?

A) portions of the pharynx
B) surface of the tongue
C) portions of the larynx
D) all of the above
E) only B and C

Question 39

The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the

A) oval window.
B) cochlea.
C) tensor tympani.
D) stapedius muscle.
E) auditory ossicles.

Question 40

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the

A) iris.
B) vitreous humor.
C) lens.
D) cornea.
E) aqueous humor.

Question 41

The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acid glutamate is known as

A) umami.
B) peppery.
C) salty.
D) sour.
E) sweet.

Question 42

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
Under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by photoreceptors be greatest?

A) immediately after going outside in bright sunlight
B) focusing intently on a distant object
C) focusing intently on a close object
D) under normal room light
E) in a pitch- black room after 30 minutes

Question 43

The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by

A) moving up and down.
B) opening and closing.
C) changing shape.
D) moving in and out.
E) dilating and constricting.

Question 44

Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of

A) intensely sour.
B) quite salty.
C) decidedly bitter.
D) peppery hot.
E) intensely sweet.

Question 45

The external acoustic meatus ends at

A) the tympanum.
B) the tympanic membrane.
C) the eardrum.
D) A, B, or C
E) none of the above

Question 46

The vestibular nuclei at the boundary of the pons and the medulla function in all of the following, except that they

A) send commands to motor nuclei in the brain stem and spinal cord.
B) relay vestibular information to the cerebellum.
C) send information to the vestibular complex of the inner ear.
D) relay vestibular information to the cerebral cortex.
E) integrate the vestibular information arriving from each side of the head.

Question 47

The following is a list of the steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation. 1. The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window.
2) Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus.
3) Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve.
4) Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes.
5) Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane.
6) Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct.
The proper sequence for these steps is

A) 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3.
B) 2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3.
C) 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3.
D) 2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3.
E) 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 1.

Question 48

Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A) choroid
B) optic disc
C) cornea
D) retina
E) sclera

Question 49

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
Which structure is known as the vestibule?

A) 9
B) 10
C) 11
D) 8
E) 6

Question 50

Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "14."

A) suspensory ligaments
B) sclera
C) pupil
D) fovea
E) optic disc

Question 51

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure that is covered up by the stapes.

A) 8
B) 4
C) 9
D) 5
E) 6

Question 52

Which of the following statements concerning vision is false?

A) The visual cortex of the brain receives the entire field of vision.
B) Approximately half of the fibers in each optic nerve cross to opposite sides of the brain at the optic chiasm.
C) The entire retina receives equal representation in the visual cortex.
D) Fibers of the optic nerve synapse at the lateral geniculates of the thalamus.
E) The image that is formed on the retina is inverted.

Question 53

Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the

A) saccules.
B) cupulas.
C) ampullae.
D) utricles.
E) perilymph.

Question 54

Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerves)?

A) glossopharyngeal nerve IX)
B) vagus nerve X)
C) facial nerve VII)
D) all of the above
E) only A and C

Question 55

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
All of the following compose the epithelial projections found on the tongue, except

A) filiform papillae.
B) fungiform papillae.
C) circumvallate papillae.
D) gustatory papillae.
E) none of the above

Question 56

Gustatory receptors are located

A) in the eye.
B) on the skin.
C) on the surface of the tongue.
D) in the ear.
E) in the nose.

Question 57

All of the following are true of the fibrous tunic of the eye, except that it

A) produces aqueous humor.
B) is where extrinsic eye muscles insert.
C) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
D) contributes substantial focusing power.
E) consists of the sclera, limbus, and cornea.

Question 58

Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
The cornea is part of the

A) fibrous tunic.
B) iris.
C) neural tunic.
D) uvea.
E) both A and C

Question 59

Figure 15- 2 The Ear
Use Figure 15- 2 to answer the following questions:
A pigment synthesized from vitamin A is

A) rhodopsin.
B) cGMP.
C) transducin.
D) opsin.
E) retinal.

Question 60

Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
The auditory ossicles connect the

A) tympanic membrane to the round window.
B) stapedius to the tympanic membrane.
C) tympanic membrane to the oval window.
D) oval window to the round window.
E) otitis to the media.

Question 61

Olfactory glands

A) group as olfactory bulbs.
B) react to aromatic molecules.
C) house the sense of smell.
D) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.
E) support the olfactory epithelium.

Question 62

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane?

A) covers over the oval window
B) tiny duct necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
C) transmits movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
D) supports the olfactory organ
E) moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth

Question 63

An adult has approximately taste buds.

A) 3000
B) 30,000
C) 300
D) 300,000
E) 30

Question 64

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the

A) cerebral cortex.
B) medial geniculate.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) olfactory tract.
E) olfactory bulb.

Question 65

The neural tunic

A) contains ganglion cells.
B) contains the photoreceptor cells.
C) produces the vitreous humor.
D) A, B, and C
E) A and B only

Question 66

The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in

A) otoconia.
B) cristae.
C) maculae.
D) cupulae.
E) ampullae.

Question 67

Which of the following is true about rhodopsin?

A) is the visual pigment in rods
B) consists of opsin + retinal
C) is bleached during photoreception
D) called visual purple
E) all of the above

Question 68

Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary , and sympathetic activation causes _.

A) dilation; constriction
B) constriction; dilation
C) dilation; dilation
D) vasoconstriction; vasoconstriction
E) constriction; constriction

Question 69

In which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater?

A) a flat lens
B) a round lens

Question 70

A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order?

A) conjunctiva -cornea -aqueous humor -lens -vitreous body -retina -choroid
B) vitreous body -retina -choroids -aqueous humor -lens -conjunctiva -cornea
C) cornea -aqueous humor -conjunctiva -lens -vitreous body -retina -choroid
D) conjunctiva -cornea -lens -aqueous humor -vitreous body -retina -choroid
E) cornea -aqueous humor -vitreous body -lens -conjunctiva -choroids -retina

Question 71

Which of the following is not a component of the lamina propria of the olfactory organ?

A) olfactory glands
B) areolar tissue
C) blood vessels
D) nerves
E) none of the above

Question 72

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the

A) auditory ossicles.
B) oval window.
C) round window.
D) cochlea.
E) tympanic membrane.

Question 73

The ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ear, which contains auditory ossicles

A) outer; middle
B) outer; inner
C) middle; inner
D) inner; middle
E) either B or D

Question 74

C:\User Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
Which of the following descriptions applies/apply to the term myopia?

A) corrected with diverging lens
B) nearsightedness
C) image focused in front of retina
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C

Question 75

The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the

A) basilar membrane.
B) tectorial membrane.
C) endolymph.
D) stapedius.
E) perilymph.

Question 76

C:\User Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
Which of these anatomical sequences is correct?

A) tympanum-malleus-incus-stapes-oval window-round window
B) tympanum-incus-stapes-malleus-oval window-round window
C) tympanum-malleus-incus-stapes-round window-oval window
D) tympanum-incus-malleus-stapes-round window-oval window
E) tympanum-incus-malleus-stapes-oval window-round window

Question 77

The opening in the iris through which light passes is the

A) posterior chamber.
B) conjunctiva.
C) anterior chamber.
D) cornea.
E) pupil.

Question 78

The quantity of neurotransmitter that is released by a hair cell

A) is sensitive to which way stereocilia are bent with respect to the kinocilium.
B) responds to almost any mechanical stimulation of the hair cell.
C) determines if a sensory neuron will be excited.
D) A, B, and C
E) A and C only

Question 79

All of the following are true of olfactory pathways, except

A) primary afferents synapse in the olfactory bulb.
B) they are the only sensory pathways to reach the forebrain without first synapsing in the thalamus.
C) they project first to the mamillary bodies and then to the thalamus.
D) they exhibit a considerable amount of convergence.
E) information flows to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system.

Question 80

C:\User Figure 15- 1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye
Use Figure 15- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "12."

A) fovea
B) pupil
C) sclera
D) optic disc
E) retina