Deck 9: Ethics in Counseling

Question 1

According to a survey discussing counselor perceptions of ethical behavior, what percentage of counselors believe that it is acceptable to break confidentiality if the client is threatening harm to self?

A) 96
B) 72
C) 48
D) 3

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to the ACA Code of Ethics, an honest representation of a counselor's credentials is addressed in which section?

A) Resolving Ethical Issues
B) Professional Responsibility
C) Relationships with Other Professionals
D) Marketing and Advertising

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Morality and ethics:

A) are basically the same.
B) are always different.
C) can conflict with each other.
D) have a cause-­‐and-­‐effect relationship.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If one were to use the ACA's Code of Ethics as an example, they would understand that such ethical codes should be updated, revised, or changed approximately every years.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15

Question 5

What percentage of counselors questioned believe that "reparative therapy" for homosexual clients is ethical?

A) Less than 1
B) 12
C) 3
D) 45

Question 6

Some limitations of ethical codes include all but which of the following?

A) They do not address some issues and offer no clear way of responding to other issues.
B) They sometimes have conflicts within the same codes, between the codes and the law, and between the codes and counselors' value systems.
C) They are relatively easily enforced, leaving little room for alternative explanations.
D) They do not always involve the public in the code construction process or take into account the public's interests.

Question 7

According to a survey discussing counselor perceptions of ethical behavior, which of the following behaviors is, comparatively speaking, deemed the least acceptable?

A) Publically advocating for a controversial cause
B) Self-­‐disclosing to a client
C) Counseling an undocumented worker (or an illegal immigrant)
D) Not participating in continuing education

Question 8

In choosing an ethical code to which to adhere, counselors should generally:

A) always use the ACA code.
B) use the APA code when it better fits their situation.
C) use the code that best fits their work situation.
D) use their "intuition" first, and if it is in line with a code, use that code. If not, find a different one.

Question 9

Stephen is a gay client. His counselor, Manuel, believes that gay individuals can and should be "fixed" and wants to refer him to reparative therapy. According to "Ethical Hotspots," this issue falls in the category of:

A) relationships and boundary issues.
B) legal issues.
C) religious issues.
D) social and cultural issues.

Question 10

Which is not one of the sections of the ACA (2014) ethical code?

A) The Counseling Relationship
B) Legal Issues in the Counseling Relationship
C) Confidentiality and Privacy
D) Professional Responsibility

Question 11

ACA's Code of Ethics section on Research and Publication addresses all but which of the following issues?

A) The rights of research participants
B) Guidelines for appropriate boundaries and relationships with research participants
C) Appropriate research topics to conduct (e.g., counseling not psychology research)
D) Guidelines on publishing results

Question 12

The APA, NASW and ACA all published their first codes of ethics during which time period?

A) 1948 to 1955
B) 1953 to 1961
C) 1960 to 1968
D) 1971 to 1980

Question 13

Which is not one of the sections of the ACA (2014) ethical code?

A) Advocacy, Politics, and Lobbying
B) Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation
C) Supervision, Training, and Teaching
D) Research and Publication

Question 14

Which is not a type of ethical decision-­‐making model?

A) Problem-­‐solving models
B) Moral models
C) Psychodynamic models
D) Social constructionist models

Question 15

Jacques is considered an excellent counselor in all aspects and regards - except for the fact that he is rather sloppy and disorganized. This pertains to his client records among other areas, although he does not engage in any behaviors that compromise the confidentiality of his clients. Jacque's behavior is:

A) an ethics violation.
B) an annoyance.
C) borderline immoral.
D) a personal matter, albeit an area in need of improvement.

Question 16

According to "Section B: Confidentiality and Privacy" of the ACA Ethics Code, there are seven areas where confidentiality is highlighted. Which area is not addressed in this section?

A) Confidentiality when conducting work with groups and families
B) How to address confidentiality in internet and electronic transmission of information
C) Preserving the confidentiality of records
D) Confidentiality when working with clients with limited capacity

Question 17

Which of the following is not a purpose of ethical codes?

A) They protect consumers and further the professional standing of an organization.
B) They serve as a legal document that one can bring to court if sued.
C) They are statements about the maturity and professional identity of a profession.
D) They guide professionals toward certain types of behaviors that reflect the underlying values considered desirable in the profession.

Question 18

The members of the National Society for the Correct and Safe Usage of Widgets collectively agree upon an industry-­‐wide code of conduct for its personnel. This is an example of:

A) ethics .
B) morality.
C) principles.
D) professional integrity.

Question 19

Which is not included in the problem-­‐solving model of ethical decision-­‐making?

A) Identifying the problem and then the potential issues involved
B) Reviewing the relevant ethical guidelines
C) Consulting
D) Seeking out legal consultation prior to making a decision

Question 20

According to a survey discussing counselor perceptions of ethical behavior, which of the following behaviors is, comparatively speaking, deemed the least acceptable?

A) Encouraging a client's autonomy and self-­‐determination
B) Referring a client due to interpersonal conflicts
C) Referring a homosexual client for "reparative therapy"
D) Making a diagnosis based on DSM

Question 21

The social constructionist view of ethical decision-­‐making sees language (written and verbalized) as potentially being .

A) therapeutic
B) judgmental
C) uniting
D) oppressing

Question 22

ACA's first code of ethics was published in 1991.

Question 23

The most common type of lawsuit against a counselor accused of malpractice is:

A) civil.
B) class-­‐action.
C) criminal.
D) ethical.

Question 24

Developmental models of ethical decision-­‐making suggest that:

A) as counselors age, their ethical decision-­‐making process become more ingrained and rigid.
B) counselors at lower developmental levels are more rigid and concrete than counselors at higher developmental levels.
C) counselors at higher developmental levels show increased dualistic thinking.
D) counselors at lower developmental levels are "committed in relativism."

Question 25

Relative to reporting ethical violations of colleagues, the ACA (2014) Code of Ethics suggests that you:

A) refer the situation to the state licensing board.
B) refer the situation to the national counseling association.
C) refer the situation to the state licensing board or the national counseling association- whichever seems to have jurisdiction.
D) first try to resolve the situation by discussing it directly with the counselor.

Question 26

Malpractice insurance is:

A) not generally recommended for students.
B) mandated by law for doctoral students.
C) available to students.
D) considered very expensive for students.

Question 27

Alan runs into a former client at a social gathering and they are quickly attracted to one another. According to ACA guidelines, the relationship can be continued on a more intimate level (with proper forethought):

A) five years after the counselor-­‐counselee relationship ends.
B) two years after the counselor-­‐counselee relationship ends.
C) ten years after the counselor-­‐counselee relationship ends.
D) never-once a client, always a client.

Question 28

Under some situations, testing instruments do not need to be reliable or valid.

Question 29

Hiroshi has been sued by a client. The suit is eventually dismissed as frivolous. A crucial initial step for Hiroshi was proof that she followed the of her profession.

A) Moral Guidelines Contract
B) Malpractice-­‐Avoidance Practices
C) Best Practices
D) Principle-­‐Ethics Model

Question 30

Ethical guidelines are documents.

A) legal
B) non-­‐legal
C) binding in court
D) moral

Question 31

Supervisors are responsible for the welfare of their supervisees' clients.

Question 32

Meara, Schmidt and Day (1996) describe the counselor's careful and tentative approach pertaining to making decisions that affect clients as .

A) stoicism
B) prudence
C) vigilance
D) discretion

Question 33

Bartering can be ethical under certain situations.

Question 34

Whereas principle ethics focuses on moral character, virtue ethics focuses on foundational rules.

Question 35

Kitchener, in her model on principle ethics, describes " " as being truthful and genuine within the therapeutic relationship.

A) veracity
B) fidelity
C) candor
D) beneficence

Question 36

John is a counselor who has a high developmental level. He is faced with a difficult ethical dilemma. He will most likely do all but which of the following?

A) Make a decision quickly so that there is little question that he is "in charge" of the situation.
B) Reflect on the decision carefully.
C) Be sensitive to the context of the situation.
D) Be open to differing opinions.

Question 37

Counselors can never engage in a sexual relationship with a client or a former client.

Question 38

Corey (2015) has a long list of items that counselors should consider if they are to reduce malpractice. This list is sometimes called in counseling.

A) following one's intuition
B) an informed consent statement
C) following "best practices"
D) the "A List"

Question 39

Anybody can be sued by anyone.

Question 40

A social-­‐constructionist counselor typically looks to in order to find insight and solutions to problems.

A) ethical codes of conduct
B) him-­‐ or herself
C) dialogue
D) justice

Question 41

Virtue ethics focuses on the moral character of the counselor.

Question 42

ASCA, AMHCA, IAMFC, NBCC and ACA all have ethical codes.

Question 43

Counseling over the Internet is unethical.

Question 44

Although ethical codes are not legal documents, they can be powerful pieces of evidence in a court of law in favor or against the counselor.

Question 45

In Kitchener's model of ethical decision-­‐making, autonomy is to self-­‐determination as beneficence is to "doing no harm."

Question 46

Problem-­‐solving models of ethical decision-­‐making are considered a type of "moral model".

Question 47

In Mear, Schdmidt, and Day's model of ethical decision-­‐making, virtuous helpers are prudent, have integrity, are respectful, and are benevolent.