Deck 13: Life Cycle Nutrition: Mother and Infant

Question 1

Which of the baby's organs is affected by early malnutrition in the mother?

A) kidneys
B) brain
C) stomach
D) lungs

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following nutrients do all pregnant women need in generous amounts to conserve their protein and to provide energy?

A) fats
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) vitamins

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following maternal factors is crucial in determining whether a mother is able to grow a healthy placenta?

A) prepregnancy weight
B) age during pregnancy
C) prepregnancy nutrition
D) use of vitamin supplements

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How many additional Calories per day does a pregnant woman require during the second trimester?

A) 250 more in the second trimester
B) 340 more in the second trimester
C) 450 more in the second trimester
D) 500 more in the second trimester

Question 5

A non-pregnant woman requires 1,600 Calories per day to maintain her desirable body weight. How many Calories would she need if she were in the third trimester of pregnancy?

A) 1,900 Calories
B) 1,940 Calories
C) 2,050 Calories
D) 2,125 Calories

Question 6

Which of the infant's organs is most likely to be affected by malnutrition late in pregnancy?

A) brain
B) lungs
C) heart
D) stomach

Question 7

What is the single most important indicator of an infant's future health status?

A) the infant's birthweight
B) the infant's gender
C) the infant's gestational period
D) the mother's weight gain during pregnancy

Question 8

Which of the following nutrients is associated with a reduced risk of neural tube defects?

A) zinc
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin B₆
D) folate

Question 9

Approximately how many extra grams of protein per day does a pregnant woman need?

A) 25 grams
B) 30 grams
C) 35 grams
D) 40 grams

Question 10

What is the name given to the point in time when the zygote becomes embedded in the uterine wall?

A) gestation
B) conception
C) critical period
D) implantation

Question 11

Which of the following functions is considered the role of the placenta?

A) provides a fluid sac for the fetus to float
B) acts as a conduit for nutrients and oxygen
C) surrounds and protects the fetus
D) creates a muscular organ for infant development

Question 12

What is the main factor, during pregnancy, that is responsible for low birthweight babies?

A) alcohol consumption
B) poor nutrition
C) drug use
D) smoking

Question 13

Which of the following foods is a rich source of natural folate?

A) waffles
B) cooked rice
C) white bread
D) orange juice

Question 14

Which of the following foods contains vitamin B₁₂?

A) eggs
B) spinach
C) legumes
D) whole-grain bread

Question 15

Which of the following conditions in adults is associated with low birthweight?

A) elevated LDL cholesterol
B) increased blood pressure
C) lower adult IQ
D) reduced fertility rates

Question 16

What is the name for the stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until the birth of the infant?

A) embryo
B) zygote
C) fetus
D) ovum

Question 17

What is the reason for a pregnant woman's increased need for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

A) fetal blood cell development
B) fetal lung development
C) fetal kidney development
D) fetal brain development

Question 18

At what stage is the fetus's heart and brain well developed?

A) at 8 weeks
B) at 12 weeks
C) at 14 weeks
D) at 16 weeks

Question 19

How many extra Calories per day does a pregnant woman require during her third trimester?

A) 340 Calories
B) 450 Calories
C) 525 Calories
D) 600 Calories

Question 20

A non-pregnant woman requires 46 grams of protein per day. How many grams would she need if she became pregnant?

A) 71 grams
B) 94 grams
C) 156 grams
D) 215 grams

Question 21

Why is iron so important for the mother during pregnancy?

A) her iron needs have priority over the fetus
B) her body begins to poorly absorbs iron
C) the body is preparing her for giving birth
D) the fetus draws heavily from her stores

Question 22

Why does "morning" sickness arise during pregnancy?

A) to ensure the mother avoids overeating
B) as a result of the hormone changes of pregnancy
C) as a response to decreased iron status
D) to signal possible irregular fetal development

Question 23

Which of the following methods should be used to relieve constipation during pregnancy?

A) limit exercise
B) consume a high-fat diet
C) drink lots of water
D) take laxatives

Question 24

A pregnant woman weighs 56 kilograms and is at an appropriate weight for her height. How much should she ideally weigh at the end of her pregnancy?

A) 60-62 kilograms
B) 63-66 kilograms
C) 67-72 kilograms
D) 73-76 kilograms

Question 25

Pregnant women who smoke tend to have lower intakes of which of the following nutrients?

A) fat
B) calcium
C) folate
D) protein

Question 26

A pregnant woman should strive to meet her Dietary Reference Intake DRI) for which of the following minerals by increasing her intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other foods rich in this mineral?

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) potassium

Question 27

About how many kilograms should a pregnant teenager gain if her body mass index is in the normal range?

A) 6 kilograms
B) 9 kilograms
C) 15 kilograms
D) 19 kilograms

Question 28

Approximately how many kilograms total weight gain during the first three months of pregnancy is thought to be ideal?

A) 1.0 kilograms
B) 1.5 kilograms
C) 2.0 kilograms
D) 2.5 kilograms

Question 29

Which of the following minerals is in great demand during pregnancy because it is involved in building the skeleton?

A) iron
B) phosphorus
C) folate
D) zinc

Question 30

Which of the following items might a pregnant woman crave if she is deficient in iron, zinc, or other nutrients?

A) spinach
B) ice
C) pickles
D) beer

Question 31

Which of the following physical activities is considered safe for pregnant women?

A) rowing
B) baseball
C) hockey
D) scuba diving

Question 32

Which of the following behaviours should be avoided during pregnancy?

A) exercising
B) dieting
C) eating fish
D) drinking caffeine

Question 33

Which of the following recommendations would you suggest to prevent heartburn during pregnancy?

A) using over-the-counter heartburn medication
B) eating less frequently
C) avoiding greasy foods
D) lying down after eating

Question 34

What pregnancy weight gain is recommended for women who were at their ideal weight before pregnancy?

A) 4.5-6.0 kilograms
B) 7.0-10.0 kilograms
C) 11.5-16.0 kilograms
D) 17.0-20.0 kilograms

Question 35

A pregnant vegetarian who does not consume meat, fish, poultry, or animal products, such as dairy foods or eggs, is at risk for developing a deficiency of which of the following nutrients?

A) vitamin C
B) magnesium
C) folate
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 36

What are the Canadian recommendations for gestational weight gain?

A) for a pre-pregnancy body mass index BMI) of less than 18.5, a pregnancy gain of 12.5-18
Kilograms
B) for a pre-pregnancy body mass index BMI) of 18.5 to 24.9, a pregnancy gain of 14-20
Kilograms
C) for a pre-pregnancy body mass index BMI) of greater than 25 to 29.9, a pregnancy gain
Of 5.5 kilograms
D) for a pre-pregnancy body mass index BMI) of greater than 30, a pregnancy gain of 10-13
Kilograms

Question 37

Which of the following risks is associated with teenage pregnancy?

A) high-birthweight infant
B) high incidence of gestational diabetes
C) high likelihood of breastfeeding
D) high rate of infant mortality

Question 38

How can a pregnant woman alleviate the nausea of pregnancy?

A) eliminate foods with offensive odours
B) drink citrus juices
C) eat toast with jam
D) consume only 3 meals a day

Question 39

Which over-the-counter medicinal drug carries an additional warning regarding its usage during pregnancy?

A) laxatives
B) aspirin
C) antacids
D) sinus medication

Question 40

What can cause a woman to crave non-nutritious substances during pregnancy?

A) a nutrient-poor diet
B) maternal hormones
C) an adaptive behaviour
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 41

At what age is it desirable to begin feeding iron-fortified cereals to an infant?

A) three months
B) six months
C) nine months
D) twelve months

Question 42

Which of the following conditions is one of the key elements to help identify women with preeclampsia?

A) hypotension
B) edema
C) sugar in the urine
D) convulsions

Question 43

Most babies are born with enough of what nutrient in their livers to last about half a year?

A) fluoride
B) vitamin D
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 44

Approximately how many millilitres of milk a day does a nursing mother produce?

A) 300 millilitres
B) 450 millilitres
C) 600 millilitres
D) 750 millilitres

Question 45

Which of the following characteristics describes the nutrient content of breast milk?

A) It has poor lactoferrin content.
B) Its protein is largely alpha-lactalbumin.
C) It has poor vitamin C content.
D) It has high vitamin D content.

Question 46

Approximately how many Calories a day should a mom consume during lactation, if she consumed 1,500 Calories daily before she became pregnant?

A) 1,830 calories
B) 1,950 calories
C) 2,125 calories
D) 2,250 calories

Question 47

What daily limit does the Canadian Paediatric Society recommend that parents follow with respect to fruit juice given to children?

A) 20-30 millilitres
B) 40-60 millilitres
C) 60-120 millilitres
D) 130-250 millilitres

Question 48

What is the name for the serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or a newborn?

A) hepatitis A
B) CHOICE BLANK
C) salmonella
D) listeriosis
E) coli

Question 49

Which of the following considerations should govern the addition of solid foods to a baby's diet?

A) the quality of milk produced by the mother
B) how often the baby cries for food
C) the baby's physical readiness
D) the baby's age

Question 50

How many Calories per kilogram of body weight per day are required by infants?

A) 50 Calories
B) 75 Calories
C) 100 Calories
D) 125 Calories

Question 51

Health Canada recommends that all breast-fed infants receive which of the following nutrients in supplemental form?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin A

Question 52

Which of the following factors represents a risk for developing gestational diabetes?

A) alcohol consumption
B) European decent
C) smoking
D) obesity

Question 53

Which of the following nutrients requires the greatest attention for the infant at six months of age?

A) vitamin K
B) folate
C) iron
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 54

When can cow's milk be introduced into the infant's diet?

A) four months of age
B) six months of age
C) nine months of age
D) twelve months of age

Question 55

Supplements of what nutrient will be required by both breastfed and formula-fed infants after six months of age if their water supply is severely deficient in it?

A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) zinc
D) fluoride

Question 56

Which of the following nutrients is given to an infant at birth in order to prevent bleeding?

A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) folate
D) vitamin K

Question 57

If growth and development are normal for a baby born weighing 4 kilograms, how much will the baby weigh at one year of age?

A) 6 kilograms
B) 8 kilograms
C) 10 kilograms
D) 12 kilograms

Question 58

Which of the following issues may arise as a consequence of maternal nutritional deprivation during lactation?

A) inability to breastfeed
B) reduced quantity of breast milk
C) poor quality of breast milk
D) maternal dehydration

Question 59

What is the term used to describe the pre-milk substance formed during the first two or three days of lactation?

A) foremilk
B) hindmilk
C) colostrum
D) final milk

Question 60

Which of the following nutrients is one of the most important dietary needs for infants?

A) fat
B) water
C) riboflavin
D) calcium

Question 61

The two weeks following fertilization are considered to be a critical period developmentally for the zygote.

Question 62

Which strategy is recommended to encourage eating habits that will support normal weight gain as a child grows?

A) ensuring a child consumes every food item on their plate
B) providing low fat milk when a child cries for thirst
C) giving non-food rewards for special moments that occur
D) giving a tasty treat when a child needs comfort from unhappiness

Question 63

Approximately what percentage of all adult smokers began smoking before the age of 18?

A) 60%
B) 75%
C) 75%
D) 80%

Question 64

Overweight children with what condition are most likely to have parents who will develop heart disease early?

A) high blood pressure
B) high sodium levels
C) high blood cholesterol
D) high blood sugar

Question 65

According to one estimate, in overweight children, the risk of obesity increases by what percentage with each sugary drink consumed daily?

A) 25%
B) 30%
C) 45%
D) 60%

Question 66

Which one of the following food items should be introduced first when starting to feed a baby solid food?

A) iron-fortified rice cereal
B) egg white
C) citrus fruit juice
D) pureed vegetables

Question 67

During pregnancy, the recommended carbohydrate intake is between 135 and 175 grams per day.

Question 68

Folate fortification has lowered the number of neural tube defects that occur each year.

Question 69

A low-birthweight baby is nearly 40 times more likely to die in the first year of life than a normal-weight baby.

Question 70

Which of the following dietary approaches is appropriate for children who are found to have high blood lipids?

A) Reduce portion sizes and fluid intake.
B) Consume a diet with 20-30% energy from fat.
C) Reduce sodium and grain consumption.
D) Reduce saturated and trans fat consumption.

Question 71

Which of the following messages would be most effective at reducing the likelihood of a child starting or quitting smoking?

A) "You will experience shortness of breath when playing sports."
B) "Your risk for lung cancer will increase as you age."
C) "Half of you will die from smoking-related causes."
D) "You will eventually need medication to help manage heart disease."

Question 72

Which of the following foods is safe and appropriate to offer a six-month-old infant?

A) pureed meat
B) whole milk
C) finely chopped fruit
D) whole cooked egg

Question 73

Which of the following factors predicts excessive weight gain during childhood and more than doubles the chance that a young child will become an obese adult?

A) parental obesity
B) dietary intake
C) cultural background
D) physical inactivity

Question 74

Which of the following food items is of minimal choking risk for young children?

A) marshmallows
B) popcorn
C) eggs
D) nuts

Question 75

Which of the following foods should be omitted from a child's diet?

A) cream soups
B) whole milk
C) green vegetables
D) sweets of any kind

Question 76

When do breastfed infants need an additional iron source?

A) right after birth
B) after being weaned from breast milk
C) at three months
D) at about six months

Question 77

A low-birthweight baby is defined as one who weighs less than 2.5 kilograms.

Question 78

The Dietary Reference Intake DRI) recommendation for calcium intake is the same for both non-pregnant and pregnant women in the same age group.

Question 79

Which of the following characteristics is typical of an estimated 85% of children with type 2 diabetes?

A) They are Asian.
B) They are hypertensive.
C) They are physically active.
D) They are obese.

Question 80

A high-birthweight infant may result from which of the following situations that occurred during pregnancy?

A) overnutrition
B) chronic anemia
C) food poisoning
D) alcohol consumption