Deck 8: Water and Minerals

Question 1

Which of the following organs regulates water excretion?

A) brain
B) liver
C) kidneys
D) lungs

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When selecting bottled water in Canada, what mineral content is most desirable?

A) water that is rich in calcium and magnesium and low in sodium
B) water that is rich in potassium and magnesium and high in sodium
C) water that is rich in iron and calcium and high in potassium
D) water that is rich in iron and fluoride and low in potassium

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following minerals is found in high concentrations in hard water?

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) cadmium
D) magnesium

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following factors affects a person's absorption of calcium?

A) gender
B) thyroid hormone levels
C) nutritional status
D) vitamin D status

Question 5

An athlete training in the heat can sweat out a great deal of fluid. Approximately how many litres of fluid can he/she lose per hour of training?

A) 1/2 litre
B) 1 litre
C) 1 1/2 litres
D) 2 litres

Question 6

Which of the following food sources' content is 90-94% water?

A) carrot
B) popcorn
C) white sugar
D) broccoli

Question 7

Water assists in which of the following body functions?

A) providing energy for the body
B) storing fat
C) temperature regulation
D) acid-base regulation

Question 8

Which of the following groups of people would most likely absorb the largest amount of calcium?

A) pregnant women
B) adults
C) the elderly
D) infants

Question 9

Which of the following minerals is the most abundant in the body?

A) sodium
B) phosphorus
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of ingested calcium is absorbed by infants and children?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Question 11

What term is used to describe the role of caffeine on the body when it increases urine output?

A) anti-depressant
B) solvent
C) stimulant
D) diuretic

Question 12

Which of the following threats to the body is caused by severe dehydration?

A) low blood pressure
B) fainting
C) seizures
D) kidney stones

Question 13

Which of the following words best describes the fluoride content of bottled water?

A) moderate
B) unpredictable
C) high
D) low

Question 14

What part of the body plays the major role in monitoring the concentration of water in the blood?

A) liver
B) hypothalamus
C) spleen
D) kidneys

Question 15

The electrolytes include which of the following groups?

A) chloride, fluoride, and sodium
B) magnesium, potassium, and fluoride
C) sodium, chloride, and potassium
D) iron, calcium, and magnesium

Question 16

Which of the following characteristics of water is responsible for its ability to act as a lubricant?

A) cleansing ability
B) incompressibility
C) heat-holding capacity
D) absorption capability

Question 17

Which of the following symptoms is the first sign of dehydration?

A) confusion
B) fatigue
C) thirst
D) headache

Question 18

How many litres of water and fluid beverages should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?

A) 1.5 litres
B) 2.7 litres
C) 3.7 litres
D) 4.0 litres

Question 19

What is the term for essential mineral nutrients that are found in the body in amounts of less than 5 grams?

A) major minerals
B) minor minerals
C) small minerals
D) trace minerals

Question 20

Fluctuations in body water show up on a weight scale. How long does it take to notice water weight changes in the body?

A) hours
B) days
C) weeks
D) months

Question 21

What is the recommended Dietary Reference Intake DRI) for calcium for women and men in the 19- to 50-year-old range?

A) 600 mg
B) 800 mg
C) 1,000 mg
D) 1,200 mg

Question 22

Which of the following foods would you advise a person to remove from his or her diet in an effort to reduce dietary sodium intake?

A) milk
B) scallops
C) watermelon
D) instant pudding

Question 23

Which of the following minerals must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized?

A) zinc
B) fluoride
C) iron
D) iodine

Question 24

If a processed food is low in sodium, it is usually high in which other mineral?

A) potassium
B) fluoride
C) magnesium
D) iron

Question 25

Which of the following mineral deficiencies is responsible for a condition known as a goitre?

A) iodine
B) selenium
C) fluoride
D) zinc

Question 26

Which of the following parts of the body store over half the body's magnesium?

A) bones
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) teeth

Question 27

Which of the following minerals is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) calcium
D) magnesium

Question 28

Which of the following terms describes the maximum bone density attained at any time in life, usually during adolescence or in early adulthood?

A) peak bone density
B) optimum bone mass
C) peak bone mass
D) elevated bone mass

Question 29

Which of the following elements plays a major role in maintaining fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and cell integrity, and is critical to maintaining the heartbeat?

A) sodium
B) chlorine
C) magnesium
D) potassium

Question 30

Where is most of the phosphorus found in the body?

A) in the stomach and bones
B) in the spine and elbows
C) in the liver and kidneys
D) in the bones and teeth

Question 31

Which of the following elements assists in the operation of more than 300 enzymes, is needed for the release and use of energy from the energy yielding nutrients, and directly affects the metabolism of potassium, calcium, and vitamin D?

A) magnesium
B) sodium
C) chlorine
D) phosphorus

Question 32

Which of the following is the principal food source of chloride?

A) cabbage
B) beef
C) salt
D) rice

Question 33

Which of the following foods is the best source of phosphorus?

A) vegetable protein
B) animal protein
C) fibre in fruit
D) gluten in grain products

Question 34

The high salt intakes of many Asian peoples have been suggested to be a possible cause for elevated rates for what health problem?

A) gallbladder disease
B) stomach cancer
C) celiac disease
D) diabetes

Question 35

Which of the following minerals is the chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells?

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) calcium
D) chloride

Question 36

Besides bananas, which of the following foods provides an excellent source of potassium?

A) spinach
B) tuna
C) chick peas
D) blueberries

Question 37

Typically, how many milligrams of sodium per day do Canadian men 19 to 30 years of age consume on average?

A) 1,000 milligrams
B) 1,500 milligrams
C) 3,000 milligrams
D) 4,000 milligrams

Question 38

Which mineral, if injected into a vein, can stop the heart?

A) potassium
B) magnesium
C) chromium
D) selenium

Question 39

What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level UL) for calcium for adults?

A) 500 mg/day
B) 1000 mg/day
C) 1500 mg/day
D) 2500 mg/day

Question 40

Which mineral ion plays a special role as a part of stomach acid?

A) iodine
B) zinc
C) chloride
D) potassium

Question 41

What is the name of the condition in which an individual has both inadequate and impaired red blood cells?

A) anemia
B) iron-deficiency anemia
C) iron deficiency
D) anemic deficiency

Question 42

Which of the following foods provides the smallest amount of available zinc?

A) legumes
B) meats
C) poultry
D) shellfish

Question 43

Which of the following population groups is at greatest risk for iron deficiency?

A) adult men
B) elderly women
C) low-income men
D) low-income children

Question 44

A child in a health clinic displays growth retardation, impaired immunity, and a poor appetite. This child most likely has a deficiency of which of the following minerals?

A) zinc
B) chromium
C) magnesium
D) iron

Question 45

What is the name of the trace mineral that works with proteins in every organ and helps approximately one hundred enzymes?

A) fluoride
B) iron
C) selenium
D) zinc

Question 46

Which of the following is a sign of iron toxicity?

A) hypochromic anemia
B) weight gain
C) abdominal pains
D) feeling energetic

Question 47

Which of the following minerals interferes with copper absorption and can cause deficiency?

A) potassium
B) fluoride
C) zinc
D) sodium

Question 48

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes DRI) recommendations, which one of the following groups should consume 8 mg of iron per day?

A) women 19-50 years of age
B) men of any age
C) pregnant women
D) children under 1 year of age

Question 49

What is the most common cause of iron overload?

A) excessive use of iron supplements
B) a genetic predisposition
C) excessive use of iron cookware
D) an injury to the GI tract

Question 50

What iron-containing compound carries and stores oxygen in the muscles?

A) immunoglobulin
B) ferritin
C) myoglobin
D) hemoglobin

Question 51

What is the major cause of iron deficiency?

A) hereditary defect
B) parasitic infections of the stomach
C) malnutrition
D) blood loss

Question 52

A deficiency of which of the following minerals is a very common and preventable cause of mental retardation?

A) zinc
B) iron
C) iodine
D) fluoride

Question 53

Which of the following foods can enhance nonheme iron absorption?

A) herbal tea
B) strawberries
C) yogurt
D) decaffeinated coffee

Question 54

Which of the following food items reduces iron absorption from food?

A) lemon
B) black tea
C) tuna
D) chicken breast

Question 55

Which of the following medications blocks damage to the thyroid gland during radiation, and in doing so, helps prevent thyroid cancer?

A) potassium iodide
B) thyroxin iodide
C) magnesium iodide
D) phosphorous iodide

Question 56

Which trace mineral is required to produce the active form of vitamin A in visual pigments?

A) zinc
B) iron
C) selenium
D) copper

Question 57

The iron content of a meal can be increased using which of the following approaches?

A) taking a calcium supplement before the meal
B) microwaving the food prior to serving
C) using a cast-iron pan to cook the meal
D) selecting stainless steel utensils for stirring

Question 58

Which of the following mineral deficiencies would be suspected with the presence of chronic tiredness, difficulty concentrating, and a desire to chew ice.

A) potassium deficiency
B) zinc deficiency
C) magnesium deficiency
D) iron deficiency

Question 59

What is the name given to a possible symptom of iron deficiency characterized by the consumption of nonfood substances?

A) piedra
B) Peches syndrome
C) Piters syndrome
D) pica

Question 60

Skin, hair, and nails contain some of the body's more rigid proteins. These proteins contain high levels of which mineral?

A) fluoride
B) sulphate
C) iodine
D) manganese

Question 61

What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride?

A) dark green vegetables
B) public water
C) meats and whole grain cereals
D) milk and milk products

Question 62

Which of the following food groupings provides the best sources of calcium?

A) cream cheese, butter, and cream
B) milk, cheese, and yogurt
C) spinach, rhubarb, and broccoli
D) cottage cheese, ice cream, and frozen yogurt

Question 63

Which of the following foods provides the highest amount of zinc?

A) shellfish
B) unleavened bread
C) fresh spinach
D) legumes

Question 64

Which of the following mineral deficiencies can cause damage to the liver?

A) cobalt
B) boron
C) silicon
D) nickel

Question 65

Which of the following minerals stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?

A) fluoride
B) cadmium
C) chloride
D) mercury

Question 66

What is the most common cause of osteoporosis?

A) lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women
B) lack of exercise during peak bone growth
C) increased bone formation in the elderly
D) too much caffeine consumption

Question 67

Which of the following trace minerals assists a group of enzymes and, along with vitamin E, works to prevent the formation of free radicals and prevent oxidation harm to cells and tissues?

A) chromium
B) iron
C) fluoride
D) selenium

Question 68

At what age does cortical bone loss begin?

A) 25 years
B) 30 years
C) 35 years
D) 40 years

Question 69

What dietary intervention may improve osteoporosis?

A) eliminating meat
B) adding salt to meals
C) avoiding soy milk
D) consuming cow's milk

Question 70

A sufficient amount of which of the following nutrients provides adequate sulphate in the diet?

A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) vitamins

Question 71

Which of the following statements about fluorosis is accurate?

A) It is a reversible condition.
B) It causes discoloration of fingernails.
C) It occurs after teeth are formed.
D) It results when water contains too much fluoride.

Question 72

What is the name of the mineral that assists a group of enzymes working in concert with vitamin E to prevent the formation of free radicals and prevent oxidative harm to cells and tissues?

A) iodine
B) phosphorus
C) cobalt
D) selenium

Question 73

One of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of which of the following nutrients?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) vitamins
D) proteins

Question 74

Which of the following types of cancer is associated with low blood selenium?

A) breast cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) colon cancer
D) stomach cancer

Question 75

Which of the following trace minerals helps form hemoglobin and collagen?

A) selenium
B) fluoride
C) copper
D) chromium

Question 76

What is the Tolerable Upper Limit UL) for fluoride for people 8 years of age and over?

A) 2.5 milligrams
B) 5.0 milligrams
C) 7.5 milligrams
D) 10.0 milligrams

Question 77

Which of the following symptoms is very often the first indication that a person has osteoporosis?

A) numbness of the toes
B) a feeling of tenderness in the hips
C) lower back problems
D) a broken hip or wrist

Question 78

Elevated blood levels of which amino acid have been linked with osteoporosis?

A) homocysteine
B) lysine
C) valine
D) glutamine

Question 79

Chromium works closely with which of the following body components?

A) collagen
B) hemoglobin
C) insulin
D) enzymes

Question 80

Which of the following individuals would be most at risk for developing osteoporosis?

A) an elderly man
B) an overweight teenager
C) a sedentary thin older woman
D) a woman who gave birth to one child