Deck 15: Self-Management Strategies: Self-Monitoring, Stimulus Control, Self-Reward, and Self-Efficacy

Question 1

Reactivity may be problematic in data collection of a self-management program; however, it may be an asset when it is used as part of a helping strategy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Stimulus-control self-management involves the number of antecedent stimuli associated with an undesirable behavior and simultaneously the antecedent cues associated with a desirable response.

A) increasing; increasing
B) increasing; reducing
C) reducing; increasing
D) reducing; reducing

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An undesirable behavior can be reduced or eliminated through stimulus control by interrupting the learned pattern or sequence that begins with one or more antecedent cues. This can be achieved by all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) breaking up or unlinking the chain of events.
B) changing the chain of events.
C) building pauses into the chain of events.
D) creating a rationale for the chain of events.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A client wants to decrease his smoking and has his partner put his cigarettes in a locked cabinet in the garage. This arrangement of environmental conditions to hamper his smoking would be considered a:

A) variable interference.
B) stimulus control.
C) stimulus interference.
D) variable control.

Question 5

A client self-monitors the amount of food she eats from the time she comes home from work until she retires for the evening. This method of recording would be considered:

A) continuous.
B) sporadic.
C) scheduled.
D) time sampling.

Question 6

After a client completes a target response, the client imagines that he is on a beach in Bermuda and listening to the waves crash against the rocks. This reward would most likely be considered:

A) externalized negative reinforcement.
B) covert negative reinforcement.
C) covert positive reinforcement.
D) negative reinforcement.

Question 7

Reactivity tends to be heightened when all EXCEPT which of the following occur?

A) Self-monitoring focuses on a single target behavior.
B) Self-monitoring is closely related in time to the target behaviors.
C) Self-recording is undertaken intermittently.
D) Discrete, positively valued behaviors are the focus of the self-monitoring.

Question 8

Self-efficacy is synonymous with self-esteem.

Question 9

All of the following were identified as when to record when self-monitoring EXCEPT:

A) record immediately.
B) do not record the behavior in vivo.
C) beware of potential reactivity.
D) record on a regular basis.

Question 10

When an individual removes a negative stimulus after s/he achieves a target response, this is an example of .

A) self-punishment
B) negative self-reward
C) neutralizing strategy
D) positive self-reward

Question 11

Self-management approaches are time-limited, deal with the , and focus on pragmatic problem resolution.

A) present
B) past
C) short-term future
D) long-term future

Question 12

A client praises herself for completing her daily exercise. Self-praise would most likely be considered a(n) reward.

A) positive
B) negative
C) extrinsic
D) covert negative

Question 13

When an antecedent gains stimulus control over the response, there is a high probability that the response will be in the presence of these particular antecedent events.

A) emitted
B) extinguished
C) eroded
D) eliminated

Question 14

A self-monitoring device should be portable and accessible so that it is available when the targeted behavior occurs.

Question 15

expectations are one's beliefs about whether a certain behavior or event will produce a particular outcome where expectations are one's level of confidence in his or her ability to develop intentions, set behavioral goals, and successfully execute the behaviors in question.

A) Self-efficacy; outcome
B) Goal-oriented; self-efficacy
C) Self-efficacy; goal-oriented
D) Outcome; self-efficacy

Question 16

The first step in developing a self-management program is:

A) client identifies and records target behavior.
B) helper explains possible self-management strategies.
C) client identifies desired behavior and direction of change.
D) client selects one or more self-management strategies.

Question 17

The likely sequence of steps in undertaking self-monitoring would be:

A) response discrimination, recording, charting, display of data, data analysis, rationale.
B) charting, data analysis, display of data, rationale, response discrimination, recording.
C) rationale, data analysis, charting, display of data, recording, response discrimination.
D) rationale, response discrimination, recording, charting, display of data, data analysis.

Question 18

When engaging in a self-management approach, the client's work occurs:

A) mainly during formal sessions.
B) equally during and outside of formal sessions.
C) mainly between formal sessions.
D) after formal sessions have been terminated.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT accurate with respect to self-management?

A) It is a strongly collaborative and environmentally attentive strategy.
B) It can be used across a wide range of clients and specific problems in living.
C) It should be approached in a decontextualized manner that focuses on the client's internal (psychological) experiences.
D) It should not overlook the possibility that environmental inequities or stressors may be the primary source of the client's concerns.

Question 20

The data recorded by the client should be translated into a graph so the client can inspect the self-monitoring data visually.

Question 21

What is the difference between continuous and time sampling recording for self-monitoring? When would the client utilize each approach?

Question 22

A client with a high level of self-efficacy would be inclined to

A) avoid challenges and opportunities.
B) persevere with a challenging task.
C) expend a minimal degree of effort.
D) demonstrate pessimism and hopelessness.

Question 23

is the encouraging or discouraging information that people receive and remember which shapes their confidence.

A) Social discourse
B) Conversational efficacy
C) Conversational discourse
D) Social persuasion

Question 24

All of the following were identified as guidelines to help a client choose self-rewards EXCEPT:

A) the rewards should not punish others.
B) the rewards should be individualized to the client.
C) one type of reward should be chosen.
D) the rewards should be relevant to the client's values and circumstances.

Question 25

Identify three guidelines that you would use to assist a client in choosing an effective self-reward.

Question 26

Define the term positive reinforcement. Please provide two examples of a positive reinforcement.

Question 27

All EXCEPT which of the following accurately apply to the concept of self-reward?

A) A self-reward may be verbal/symbolic, material, or imaginal.
B) Self-rewards can be classified as current or potential.
C) Self-rewards can be both positive and negative.
D) Current self-rewards are more efficacious than potential self-rewards

Question 28

What is the difference between covert and overt self-reinforcement? Please give one example of each.

Question 29

All EXCEPT which of the following accurately apply to self-reward programs?

A) A single salient reward should be utilized so as to prevent dilution.
B) Material awards have been criticized for misuse and overuse
C) Imaginal reinforcers may not be as potent as verbal/symbolic and material ones
D) Persons who are depressed often find it difficult to identify positive reinforcers.

Question 30

Client: "I get so busy at work that I skip lunch. By the time I leave work, I'm starving and I eat from the time I get home until I go to bed. If I am in front of the TV, I have to be eating something. I've gained fifty pounds in six months." Describe three ways this behavior chain could be interrupted.