Question 1

Who stated the &#34;naturalistic fallacy&#34; in ethics?&#10;A)John Hospers&#10;B)Aristotle&#10;C)G.E.Moore&#10;D)J.S.Mill

Accepted Answer

G.E. Moore coined the term "naturalistic fallacy" in his book "Principia Ethica," arguing against the reduction of moral properties to natural properties.

Question 2

A problem with absolutes is what to do when they conflict.

Accepted Answer

Absolutes are rigid principles or rules that allow no exceptions, so when two absolutes conflict, it creates a dilemma because adhering to one would mean violating the other, making it challenging to decide which to follow.

Question 3

There is only one type of moral proposition.

Accepted Answer

There are multiple types of moral propositions, including normative ethical propositions, which prescribe how one ought to act, and descriptive ethical propositions, which describe how people do act in terms of their moral beliefs.

Question 4

Exceptions to absolutes must&#10;A)be carefully concealed.&#10;B)not exist.&#10;C)be fully justified.&#10;D)not be contemplated.

Accepted Answer

Exceptions to absolutes, when they occur, must be fully justified to maintain logical consistency and credibility. This ensures that any deviation from an established absolute is well-reasoned and not arbitrary.

Question 5

One problem with relativism, according to the author of the text, is that it does not enable us to be critical.

Accepted Answer

Relativism, by suggesting that all viewpoints are equally valid, can undermine the ability to critically evaluate and challenge ideas, as it posits there is no objective standpoint from which to critique them.

Question 6

An example of a moral proposition is&#10;A)&#34;I feel sick.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;You should not treat people badly.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Nothing can be both A and not A.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Her hair is brown.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Moral propositions express judgments about what is right or wrong, good or bad. "You should not treat people badly." is a moral proposition because it makes a normative statement about how people ought to behave.

Question 7

Relativism is the belief that morality is relative to time, place, situation, people, culture, etc.

Accepted Answer

Relativism posits that what is considered morally right or wrong can vary depending on factors such as time, culture, and societal norms, suggesting that there are no absolute moral principles.

Question 8

A &#34;near absolute&#34; means almost moral but not quite.

Accepted Answer

A "near absolute" typically refers to something that is almost entirely absolute or certain, not specifically related to morality.

Question 9

Because a view in one culture is different from another does not mean that either view is right or wrong.

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism suggests that moral, ethical, and social norms vary significantly across different cultures, and what is considered right or wrong can depend on cultural context, rather than being universally applicable.

Question 10

The greatest problem in the absolutism/relativism debate is how to introduce&#10;A)courage and honesty.&#10;B)freedom and liberty.&#10;C)stability and creativity.&#10;D)reason and evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The greatest problem in the absolutism/relativism debate...

Question 11

Emotivism is the view that moral statements have only noncognitive meaning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emotivism is the view that moral statements...

Question 12

Relativists hold that morals are relative to&#10;A)culture.&#10;B)individuals.&#10;C)situations.&#10;D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Relativists hold that morals are relative to&#10;A)culture.&#10;B)individuals.&#10;C)situations.&#10;D)all...

Question 13

All anthropologists are cultural absolutists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All anthropologists are cultural absolutists....

Question 14

The theory of emotivism states that&#10;A)all emotions in morals are bad.&#10;B)emotions in morality must be balanced with reason.&#10;C)moral propositions only express feelings.&#10;D)we should get back in touch with our emotions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory of emotivism states that&#10;A)all emotions...

Question 15

Who claims that some empirical propositions are absolutely true or false?&#10;A)Jacques Derrida&#10;B)Norman Malcolm&#10;C)Marquis de Sade&#10;D)Adolf Hitler

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who claims that some empirical propositions are...

Question 16

According to the author of the text, truth is relativistic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the author of the text,...

Question 17

The problem of &#34;getting an ought from an is&#34; means&#10;A)what you should do is determined by how you feel.&#10;B)what you ought to do is often very difficult.&#10;C)what people should do has no necessary connection to what they actually do.&#10;D)what people like to do is actually what they in fact do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The problem of &#34;getting an ought from...

Question 18

Similar moral principles exist in all societies is a view supported by&#10;A)relativists.&#10;B)absolutists.&#10;C)colonialists.&#10;D)deconstructionists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Similar moral principles exist in all societies...

Question 19

Who says that there are moral &#34;near or almost absolutes&#34; that form the basic principles of moral life?&#10;A)Thiroux&#10;B)Hospers&#10;C)Kant&#10;D)Sting

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who says that there are moral &#34;near...

Question 20

According to the author of the text, moral propositions are analytic propositions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the author of the text,...

Deck 5: Absolutism Versus Relativism