Deck 7: Bone Tissue

Question 1

This image shows the anatomy of a long bone.What does "1" represent?

A)marrow cavity
B)compact bone
C)spongy bone
D)epiphyseal line
E)articular cartilage

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected with each other by lacunae.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The skeleton does not

A)store calcium and phosphate ions.
B)store red blood cells.
C)provide support for most muscles.
D)protect the brain.
E)protect the spinal cord.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

This image shows the anatomy of a long bone.What does "4" represent?

A)marrow cavity
B)compact bone
C)spongy bone
D)epiphyseal line
E)articular cartilage

Question 5

The hemopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.

Question 6

Hypercalcemia is rare but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of causes.

Question 7

A vertebra is considered to be an irregular bone.

Question 8

Closed reduction is the realignment of the parts of a broken bone involving surgery.

Question 9

Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults.

Question 10

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on osteoblasts.

Question 11

Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.

Question 12

These are all tissues that are a part of a long bone except

A)osseous tissue.
B)nervous tissue.
C)adipose tissue.
D)cartilage.
E)transitional epithelium.

Question 13

Bones grow in diameter by interstitial growth.

Question 14

Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Question 15

Osteomalacia results in bone brittleness.

Question 16

Osteoid tissue is similar to bone except for a lack of minerals.

Question 17

Osseous tissue is a(an) tissue.

A)connective
B)epithelial
C)dense regular
D)dense irregular
E)reticular

Question 18

Hypercalcemia causes depression of the nervous system.

Question 19

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines.

Question 20

This image shows the anatomy of a long bone.What does "5" represent?

A)marrow cavity
B)compact bone
C)spongy bone
D)epiphyseal line
E)articular cartilage

Question 21

Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the

A)primary ossification center.
B)secondary ossification center.
C)primary bone marrow.
D)secondary bone marrow.
E)epiphyseal plate.

Question 22

Chondrocytes multiply in this zone of the metaphysis.

A)zone of reserve cartilage
B)zone of cell proliferation
C)zone of cell hypertrophy
D)zone of calcification
E)zone of bone deposition

Question 23

are common in compact bone but rarely seen in spongy bone.

A)Lamellae
B)Osteoclasts
C)Lacunae
D)Central canals
E)Osteocytes

Question 24

Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

A)osteoblasts
B)osteoclasts
C)osteocytes
D)osteogenic cells
E)stem cells

Question 25

have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings of the plasma membrane, whereas have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.

A)Osteoclasts; osteocytes
B)Osteocytes; osteoclasts
C)Osteoblasts; osteoclasts
D)Osteoblasts; osteocytes
E)Osteocytes; osteogenic cells

Question 26

Intramembranous ossification produces the

A)irregular bones of the vertebrae.
B)flat bones of the skull.
C)long bones of the limbs.
D)short bones of the wrist.
E)short bones of the ankle.

Question 27

Which of these is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?

A)proteoglycans
B)glycoproteins
C)collagen
D)hydroxyapatite
E)glycosaminoglycans

Question 28

The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called

A)an epiphysis.
B)a diaphysis.
C)an articular cartilages.
D)a periosteum.
E)an endosteum.

Question 29

What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?

A)spongy bone
B)hemopoietic tissue
C)red bone marrow
D)yellow bone marrow
E)compact bone

Question 30

are bone-forming cells.

A)Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells
B)Osteoblasts
C)Osteoclasts
D)Osteocytes
E)Osteons

Question 31

This image shows the histology of osseous tissue.Label "2" represents , which is(are) .

A)canaliculi; interconnections among osteoblasts
B)an osteon; a stem cell
C)lacunae; sites of residence of osteocytes
D)lamella; interconnections among osteocytes
E)a central (haversian) canal; site of residence of osteoclasts

Question 32

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is , which is replaced by bone.

A)embryonic mesenchyme
B)fibrous membranes
C)hyaline cartilage
D)transitional epithelium
E)fibrocartilage

Question 33

Red bone marrow does not contain

A)myeloid tissue.
B)yellow bone marrow.
C)hemopoietic tissue.
D)white blood cells.
E)red blood cells.

Question 34

Spicules and trabeculae are found in

A)compact bone.
B)bone matrix.
C)yellow bone marrow.
D)red bone marrow.
E)spongy bone.

Question 35

A bone is covered externally with a sheath called , whereas the internal surface is lined with .

A)epiphysis; diaphysis
B)diaphysis; epiphysis
C)compact bone; spongy bone
D)periosteum; endosteum
E)endosteum; periosteum

Question 36

The is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.

A)metaphysis
B)primary ossification center
C)secondary ossification center
D)osteoid tissue
E)epiphyseal line

Question 37

When become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called .

A)osteogenic cells; osteoblasts
B)osteoblasts; osteoclasts
C)osteoblasts; osteocytes
D)osteocytes; osteoclasts
E)osteocytes; osteoblasts

Question 38

Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of

A)different diets on bone elongation.
B)mechanical stress on bone remodeling.
C)temperature on bone growth.
D)age on bone thickening.
E)sex on bone widening.

Question 39

provide(s) hardness to bones, whereas provide(s) some degree of flexibility.

A)Hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
B)Collagen and elastic fibers; minerals
C)Glycoproteins; proteoglycans
D)Calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate
E)Proteins; collagen

Question 40

Mature bones are remodeled throughout life by employing

A)intramembranous ossification.
B)endochondral ossification.
C)interstitial growth.
D)appositional growth.
E)metaphysical growth.

Question 41

Which of the following exemplifies a positive feedback process happening in bone mineral deposition?

A)The first few crystals to form attract more calcium and phosphate
B)Osteoblasts neutralize inhibitors that prevent bone resorption
C)Osteoclasts secrete acid phosphatase that digests collagen
D)Collagen is digested by enzymes and hydroxyapatite by hydrochloric acid
E)Solubility product is reached in the tissue fluids

Question 42

A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis.These two areas are

A)elastic cartilage and epiphyseal plate.
B)epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line.
C)primary and secondary ossification centers.
D)fibrocartilage and articular cartilage.
E)articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate.

Question 43

is the process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream.

A)Mineralization
B)Mineral deposition
C)Crystallization
D)Resorption
E)Ossification

Question 44

does not put women at risk of hypocalcemia.

A)Lactation
B)Pregnancy
C)Removal of the parathyroid glands
D)Removal of the thyroid gland
E)Lack of exposure to UV radiation

Question 45

Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called , whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called .

A)fracture hematoma; granulation tissue
B)granulation tissue; soft callus
C)fracture hematoma; hard callus
D)granulation tissue; hard callus
E)soft callus; hard callus

Question 46

Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except

A)ATP.
B)DNA.
C)phospholipids.
D)RNA.
E)amino acids.

Question 47

Which of these is not an effect of calcitriol?

A)cartilage growth in the epiphyseal plate
B)increased osteoclast activity
C)more intestinal absorption of Ca₂+
D)less calcium in the urine
E)more phosphate in the urine

Question 48

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not

A)promote calcium reabsorption by the kidneys.
B)stimulate osteoclast activity.
C)lower blood calcium.
D)promote calcitriol synthesis.
E)inhibit osteoblast activity.

Question 49

Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means

A)the solubility product has been reached.
B)artery mineralization by osteoblasts.
C)abnormal calcification of a tissue.
D)accumulation of collagenous fibers in blood vessels.
E)ossification of an entire blood vessel.

Question 50

Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of , which would otherwise inhibit .

A)dietary calcium; estrogen production
B)osteoblasts; osteoclast activity
C)estrogen; osteoclast activity
D)parathyroid hormone; osteocyte activity
E)exercise; osteoblast activity

Question 51

A soft callus forms during

A)endochondral ossification.
B)intramembranous ossification.
C)bone growth at the metaphysis.
D)the remodeling of bone.
E)the healing of a fracture.

Question 52

is synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, and is important to the deposition of bone.

A)Growth hormone
B)Testosterone
C)Estrogen
D)Calcitonin
E)Calcitriol

Question 53

Blood Ca₂+ deficiency stimulates secretion, which leads to .

A)calcitonin; more urinary phosphate reabsorption
B)calcitriol; more urinary phosphate excretion
C)parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity
D)growth hormone; increased osteoblast activity
E)thyroid hormone; less urinary calcium excretion

Question 54

Bone protrudes through skin in a fracture called

A)complete.
B)incomplete.
C)closed.
D)open.
E)displaced.

Question 55

A pathologic fracture

A)is a bone fracture that heals in no more than 8 to 12 weeks.
B)is a bone fracture that causes bleeding.
C)is a break in a bone that happens repeatedly.
D)is a break in a bone weakened by some other disease.
E)is a break caused by abnormal trauma to a bone.

Question 56

The result of calcium and phosphate levels in blood too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called in children and in adults.

A)osteomalacia; rickets
B)rickets; osteomalacia
C)osteoporosis; osteomalacia
D)osteomyelitis; osteosarcoma
E)osteomyelitis; osteomalacia

Question 57

Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except

A)muscle contraction.
B)exocytosis.
C)blood clotting.
D)DNA synthesis.
E)communication among neurons.

Question 58

If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect

A)an elevated level of osteoclast activity.
B)an elevated level of osteoblast activity.
C)a reduced rate of endochondral ossification.
D)a rise in blood calcium concentration.
E)increasingly brittle bones.

Question 59

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

A)bone remodeling → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation
B)bone remodeling → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → hematoma formation
C)hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
D)hematoma formation → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → bone remodeling
E)soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation → bone remodeling

Question 60

A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a fracture.

A)linear
B)pott
C)comminuted
D)greenstick
E)compound

Question 61

affects more people than any other bone disease.

A)Osteomyelitis
B)Osteoporosis
C)Osteosarcoma
D)Osteomalacia
E)Rickets