Deck 22: Respiratory System

Question 1

Bronchiolar constriction is most likely to cause

A) pneumothorax.
B) pulmonary edema.
C) wheezing.
D) laryngitis.

Answer 1

wheezing.

Question 2

Which of the following is the dome-shaped muscle that is the chief muscle of inhalation?

A) diaphragm
B) epiglottis
C) mediastinum
D) pericardium

Answer 2

diaphragm

Question 3

When the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax,

A) air moves out of the lungs.
B) inhalation occurs.
C) ventilation ceases.
D) chest volume increases.

Answer 3

air moves out of the lungs.

Question 4

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the

A) bronchioles.
B) trachea.
C) pulmonary capillaries.
D) eustachian tube.

Question 5

These respiratory tubes are primarily composed of smooth muscle and determine the flow of air to the alveoli.

A) trachea
B) bronchi
C) bronchioles
D) nares

Question 6

Which of the following best describes eupnea?

A) Kussmaul respirations
B) vital capacity
C) normal,quiet breathing
D) hypoxemia

Question 7

Frontal,maxillary,sphenoidal,and ethmoidal

A) refer to the bones of the thorax.
B) are saliva-secreting glands.
C) are paranasal sinuses.
D) are lined with serous membrane.

Question 8

The Adam's apple is

A) cartilage.
B) the epiglottis.
C) the primary site of gas exchange.
D) the pharynx.

Question 9

The respiratory passages are lined with

A) pleura.
B) mucous membrane.
C) serous membrane.
D) muscle.

Question 10

This structure is called the windpipe and is supported by rings of cartilage.

A) bronchus
B) alveolus
C) pharynx
D) trachea

Question 11

The pleural membranes

A) line the respiratory passages.
B) form the bronchioles.
C) are serous membranes.
D) are confined to the mediastinum.

Question 12

The lungs are located within the

A) mediastinum.
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B) dorsal cavity.
C) spinal cavity.
D) thoracic cavity.

Question 13

This nerve innervates the diaphragm.

A) intercostal nerve
B) sciatic
C) phrenic
D) cranial nerve XI

Question 14

The trachea branches into the right and left

A) alveoli.
B) bronchi.
C) nares.
D) pulmonary arteries.

Question 15

Most oxygen is transported through the blood

A) attached to hemoglobin.
B) as bicarbonate.
C) as surfactant.
D) as lysozyme.

Question 16

Dyspnea means

A) "puffed up" alveoli.
B) pneumonia.
C) cyanosis.
D) difficulty breathing.

Question 17

Contraction of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

A) stimulates the phrenic and intercostal nerves.
B) decreases thoracic volume.
C) causes air to move out of the lungs.
D) is responsible for inhalation.

Question 18

The diaphragm

A) is smooth muscle that forms the bronchioles.
B) is skeletal muscle.
C) contracts in response to the firing of the vagus nerve.
D) forms the outer lining of the lungs.

Question 19

These respiratory muscles are located between the ribs.

A) diaphragm
B) bronchiolar smooth muscle
C) intercostals
D) sternocleidomastoids

Question 20

Stimulation of the phrenic and intercostal nerves causes the release of this neurotransmitter into the neuromuscular junction.

A) adrenaline
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) myosin

Question 21

Which of the following regulates respiratory activity?

A) PO2
B) PCO2
C) bicarbonate
D) albumin

Question 22

Boyle's law states the relationship between volume and

A) O2.
B) CO2.
C) pressure.
D) H2O.

Question 23

What is the effect of an overdose of an opioid (narcotic)?

A) alters the shape of the hemoglobin so that it cannot bind to oxygen
B) depresses the medulla oblongata and depresses ventilation
C) causes spasm of the epiglottis resulting in an upper airway obstruction
D) causes hyperventilation and alkalosis

Question 24

Which of the following structures is located in the lungs?

A) pharynx
B) epiglottis
C) alveoli
D) larynx

Question 25

The nares,nostrils,and nasal septum

A) are concerned with gas exchange.
B) are located in the upper respiratory tract.
C) contain gustatory organs.
D) are parts of the bronchial tree.

Question 26

Intra-alveolar surface tension is due to

A) acid.
B) mucus.
C) water.
D) bicarbonate.

Question 27

Anatomic dead air space is most associated with this structure.

A) frontal sinus
B) alveoli
C) trachea
D) esophagus

Question 28

Which of the following is most related to the transport of the respiratory gases by the blood?

A) inhalation,exhalation
B) oxyhemoglobin,carbaminohemoglobin
C) inspiration,expiration
D) breathing in,breathing out

Question 29

Which of the following is most related to the relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles?

A) results from the firing of the inspiratory neurons
B) due to the firing of the phrenic and intercostal nerves
C) decreases thoracic volume
D) causes air to move into the lungs

Question 30

Which of the following is necessary for the lungs to remain expanded?

A) The alveolar cells must secrete surfactant.
B) The intrapulmonic pressure must be negative.
C) The glottis must be closed.
D) The intrapleural pressure must be negative.

Question 31

What is the transport mechanism necessary for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli across the pulmonary capillary membranes into the blood?

A) osmosis
B) filtration
C) diffusion
D) active transport pump

Question 32

As plasma PCO₂ increases,

A) hemoglobin synthesis increases.
B) ventilation increases.
C) vital capacity increases.
D) respirations cease.

Question 33

Surfactants are found within the

A) pulmonary capillaries.
B) trachea.
C) alveoli.
D) intrapleural space.

Question 34

Which of the following structures controls respirations?

A) medulla oblongata
B) basal ganglia
C) postcentral gyrus
D) limbic system

Question 35

Boyle's law forms the basis of

A) ventilation.
B) chemical regulation of breathing.
C) oxygen transport in the blood.
D) carbon dioxide transport in the blood.

Question 36

The water molecule is polar,meaning that each end of the molecule has an electrical charge.Because of this characteristic,water

A) has a high surface tension.
B) can only dissolve lipids.
C) is a poor solvent.
D) is lipid-soluble.

Question 37

Hypoventilation can cause

A) bleeding and hypotension.
B) alkalosis and Kussmaul respirations.
C) hypoxemia and acidosis.
D) hyperglycemia and acidosis.

Question 38

Hypoventilation decreases the respiratory excretion of

A) oxygen.
B) water.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) albumin.

Question 39

Which of the following contributes to the wheezing of asthma?

A) constriction of the bronchiolar smooth muscle
B) edema of the vocal cords
C) inflammation of the trachea and pharynx
D) pneumothorax

Question 40

Which of the following is most likely to cause hypoxia?

A) Kussmaul respirations
B) hyperventilation
C) medullary depression
D) brain stem stimulation

Question 41

Which event occurs first?

A) The diaphragm contracts.
B) Air moves into the lungs.
C) The phrenic nerve fires.
D) The inspiratory neurons in the medulla fire.

Question 42

The epiglottis

A) is innervated by the phrenic nerve.
B) prevents air from entering the esophagus.
C) prevents food from entering the trachea.
D) is the Adam's apple.

Question 43

Which of the following is most likely to cause pulmonary edema?

A) bronchitis
B) coryza
C) exercise-induced asthma
D) left ventricular heart failure

Question 44

Atelectasis

A) decreases the surface area for gas exchange.
B) causes pneumothorax.
C) causes acute respiratory obstruction.
D) is best treated with antibiotics.

Question 45

Which substance greatly reduces the attractive forces among the water molecules lining the alveoli?

A) lysozyme
B) converting enzyme
C) mucus
D) surfactant

Question 46

The Hering-Breuer reflex

A) prevents overinflation of the lungs.
B) is a chemical reflex;no nerves are involved.
C) is important only in disease states.
D) is only concerned with sneezing and coughing.

Question 47

The trachea is

A) "the problem" in asthma.
B) the site of gas exchange.
C) composed primarily of smooth muscle.
D) a large airway that splits into two bronchi.

Question 48

Laryngospasm is most likely to cause

A) emphysema.
B) pneumothorax.
C) acute respiratory obstruction.
D) asthma.

Question 49

Kussmaul respirations

A) cause hypoxemia.
B) increase PCO₂.
C) are increased respiratory activity due to acidosis.
D) are caused by a decrease in the plasma [H⁺].

Question 50

Across which structure does most gas exchange occur?

A) trachea
B) bronchus
C) bronchioles
D) alveoli

Question 51

Which of the following events occurs last?

A) contraction of the diaphragm and the intercostals
B) movement of air into the lungs
C) firing of the inspiratory neurons in the medulla
D) firing of the phrenic and intercostal nerves

Question 52

This respiratory structure is distal to the trachea and proximal to the alveoli.

A) pharynx
B) larynx
C) bronchus
D) glottis

Question 53

The phrenic nerve fires.Which event occurs next?

A) The inspiratory neurons fire.
B) The diaphragm contracts.
C) Air moves into the lungs.
D) Thoracic volume decreases.

Question 54

What is the effect of phrenic nerve stimulation?

A) expiration
B) relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostals
C) inhalation
D) a decrease in chest diameter

Question 55

In reference to a normally expanded lung,the

A) intrapulmonic pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.
B) intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
C) intrapulmonic pressure is greater than intrapleural pressure.
D) intrapleural,intrapulmonic,and atmospheric pressures are equal.

Question 56

The central chemoreceptors are primarily sensitive to blood levels of

A) oxygen.
B) carbon dioxide and [H⁺].
C) sodium.
D) potassium.

Question 57

What is the effect of curare?

A) depresses the inspiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata
B) changes the shape of the hemoglobin so that it cannot bind to oxygen
C) interferes with the activation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles by their motor nerves
D) inactivates acetylcholinesterase

Question 58

Which structure has the thinnest wall?

A) trachea
B) bronchi
C) larynx
D) alveoli

Question 59

In which structure is the PO₂ 104 mm Hg?

A) pulmonary artery
B) alveolus
C) right ventricle
D) vena cava

Question 60

Activation of the beta? adrenergic receptors of the airway

A) causes laryngospasm.
B) constricts the bronchioles.
C) restricts air flow.
D) causes bronchodilation.

Question 61

Which group is incorrect?

A) pulmonary volumes:tidal,inspiratory reserve,expiratory reserve
B) structures of the bronchial tree:bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli
C) respiratory gases:oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) parts of the pharynx:oro-,naso-,laryngo-,bronchio-

Question 62

The collection of mucus in the lower airways is most likely to cause

A) laryngospasm.
B) pneumothorax.
C) atelectasis.
D) pharyngitis.

Question 63

A preterm infant is most likely to develop respiratory distress because of

A) bacterial pneumonia.
B) a deficiency of surfactant.
C) excess mucus within the upper airways.
D) an inability of the immature diaphragm to contract.

Question 64

Which group is incorrect?

A) structures of the bronchial tree:trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli
B) paranasal sinuses:frontal,maxillary,sphenoidal,ethmoidal
C) structures of the upper respiratory tract:trachea,pharynx,larynx
D) parts of the pharynx:oropharynx,nasopharynx,laryngopharynx

Question 65

Which of the following is most likely to stimulate coughing that may be accompanied by a life-threatening bradycardia?

A) suctioning of the lower airways
B) administration of albuterol (a beta2 adrenergic agonist)via inhalation
C) administration of O2 via nasal cannula
D) performance of a thoracentesis