Deck 21: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

Lymphatic vessels recover about of the fluid filtered by capillaries.

A)5%
B)15%
C)25%
D)50%
E)85%

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Memory B cells are found circulating mainly in the lymph.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in

A)protein.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)metabolic waste.
D)electrolytes.
E)sodium and potassium.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Clonal selection of T cells happens in the thymus.

Question 5

Special lymphatic vessels called lacteals absorb dietary that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.

A)water
B)glucose
C)vitamins
D)amino acids
E)lipids

Question 6

Interferons are secreted in response to bacterial infections.

Question 7

Humoral immunity takes care of intracellular viruses, whereas cellular immunity takes care of
extracellular viruses.

Question 8

All these forces help lymph to flow except

A)rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels.
B)the thoracic pump.
C)the skeletal muscle pump.
D)the lymphatic node pump.
E)arterial pulsations squeezing lymphatic vessels.

Question 9

Cytotoxic T cells respond only to antigens bound to MHC-I proteins.

Question 10

Pus is made of dead neutrophils, macrophages, and other tissue debris from a damaged tissue.

Question 11

The tonsils are the largest, and their surgical removal (tonsillectomy) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.

A)adenoid
B)lingual
C)palatine
D)pharyngeal
E)nasopharyngeal

Question 12

Red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system.

Question 13

Naive T cells can synthesize antibodies.

Question 14

Some antibodies against foreign antigens can react to similar self-antigens causing an autoimmune
disease.

Question 15

Mucous membranes prevent most pathogens from entering the body because of the stickiness of the
mucus and the presence of lysozymes.

Question 16

Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other.

Question 17

Pyrogens act by increasing the set point for body temperature in the thalamus.

Question 18

The antigenicity of a molecule is due to specific regions of it called haptens.

Question 19

Helper T cells respond only to epitopes attached to MHC proteins.

Question 20

Lymph originates in blood capillaries that pick up tissue fluid.

Question 21

Complement fixation can lead to any of the following effects except

A)enhanced inflammation.
B)opsonization.
C)endogenous pyrexia.
D)bacterial phagocytosis.
E)cytolysis.

Question 22

This organ shows a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.

A)lymph node
B)thymus
C)spleen
D)pharyngeal tonsil
E)appendix

Question 23

This is the first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation.

A)chemotaxis
B)margination
C)diapedesis
D)phagocytosis
E)opsonization

Question 24

Immune surveillance is a process in which nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells.

A)T lymphocytes (T cells)
B)reticular cells
C)dendritic cells
D)macrophages
E)natural killer (NK) cells

Question 25

This is the only lymphatic organ with afferent lymphatic vessels.

A)lymph node
B)thymus
C)spleen
D)red bone marrow
E)tonsils

Question 26

Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called and a vasodilator called .

A)bradykinin; histamine
B)selectin; prostaglandin
C)histamine; heparin
D)heparin; histamine
E)prostaglandins; selectin

Question 27

One characteristic of the immune response is specificity.This means that

A)immunity starts in defined organs in the body.
B)immunity starts in specialized tissues in the body.
C)immunity is carried on by a specific group of cells of the immune system.
D)immunity is directed against a particular pathogen.
E)immunity is carried on by a specific group of tissues of the immune system.

Question 28

All these belong to the second line of defense except

A)the macrophage system.
B)natural killer cells.
C)inflammation.
D)the gastric juices.
E)interferon and the complement system.

Question 29

Removal of the will be the most harmful of all for a one-year-old child.

A)spleen
B)lymph node
C)thymus
D)appendix
E)palatine tonsil

Question 30

All these cellular agents participate in inflammation except

A)cytotoxic T cells.
B)helper T cells.
C)eosinophils.
D)neutrophils.
E)endothelial cells.

Question 31

A pyrogen is a substance that causes

A)inflammation.
B)opsonization.
C)complement fixation.
D)cytolysis.
E)fever.

Question 32

are the largest of the lymphatic vessels and they empty into the .

A)Lymphatic trunks; collecting ducts
B)Lymphatic trunks; subclavian arteries
C)Lymphatic trunks; subclavian veins
D)Collecting ducts; subclavian veins
E)Collecting ducts; subclavian arteries

Question 33

These are a group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (NK) cells.

A)selectins
B)cytokines
C)granzymes
D)perforins
E)interferons

Question 34

are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected.

A)Complement system globulins
B)Interferons
C)Granzymes
D)Pyrogens
E)Perforins

Question 35

This figure shows

A)the action of interferon.
B)the action of the complement system.
C)the action of a natural killer cell.
D)immune clearance.
E)opsonization.

Question 36

are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.

A)Monocytes
B)Lymphocytes
C)Basophils
D)Neutrophils
E)Eosinophils

Question 37

Complement C3b protein coats bacteria and stimulates phagocytosis by in a process called .

A)lymphocytes and monocytes; opsonization
B)neutrophils and macrophages; cytolysis
C)mast cells and basophils; opsonization
D)mast cells and basophils; cytolysis
E)neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization

Question 38

employ a "respiratory burst" to produce bactericidal chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and hypochlorite (HClO).

A)Neutrophils
B)Basophils
C)Cytotoxic T cells
D)Natural killer cells
E)Suppressor T cells

Question 39

are antimicrobial proteins.

A)Bradykinins
B)Interferons
C)Cytokines
D)Kinins
E)Prostaglandins

Question 40

is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation.

A)Impaired use
B)Redness
C)Pain
D)Heat
E)Swelling

Question 41

This is the class of immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn.

A)IgD
B)IgE
C)IgM
D)IgA
E)IgG

Question 42

Vaccination stimulates

A)natural active immunity.
B)artificial active immunity.
C)natural passive immunity.
D)artificial passive immunity.
E)artificial specific immunity.

Question 43

A(n) is the region of the molecule that is recognized by antibodies.

A)epitope
B)antigen
C)hapten
D)major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
E)antibody monomer

Question 44

Cytotoxic T (TC) cells are like natural killer (NK) cells because they both

A)secrete interferons.
B)secrete granzymes and perforin.
C)participate in the immune response.
D)participate in nonspecific resistance.
E)secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

Question 45

This is the correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response.

A)antigen recognition → antigen presentation → differentiation → clonal selection → attack
B)antigen recognition → antigen presentation → clonal selection → differentiation → attack
C)antigen presentation → antigen recognition → clonal selection → differentiation → attack
D)antigen presentation → antigen recognition → clonal selection → attack differentiation
E)antigen recognition → differentiation → antigen presentation → clonal selection → attack

Question 46

Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has antigen-bonding site(s).

A)two
B)four
C)six
D)one
E)three

Question 47

Most common allergies are the result of

A)autoimmune diseases.
B)type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity.
C)type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity.
D)type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic) hypersensitivity.
E)type I (acute) hypersensitivity.

Question 48

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainly

A)helper T cells.
B)B cells.
C)plasma cells.
D)cytotoxic T cells.
E)natural killer cells.

Question 49

T cells achieve immunocompetence in

A)the bone marrow.
B)the bloodstream.
C)the spleen.
D)the thymus.
E)the liver.

Question 50

T cells undergo positive selection in the thymus, which means

A)they react against self antigens.
B)they develop surface antigen receptors.
C)they remain alive but unresponsive.
D)self-reactive T cells die and macrophages phagocytize them.
E)they multiply and form clones of identical T cells.

Question 51

The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates

A)artificial passive immunity.
B)artificial active immunity.
C)natural passive immunity.
D)natural active immunity.
E)artificial specific immunity.

Question 52

The majority of T cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for the encounter with foreign antigens in

A)the plasma.
B)the thymus.
C)the lymphatic tissues.
D)the lymph.
E)most body fluids.

Question 53

participate in both nonspecific resistance and immune response.

A)Memory T (TM) cells
B)Regulatory T (TR) cells
C)Natural killer (NK) cells
D)Helper T (TH) cells
E)Cytotoxic T (TC) cells

Question 54

Memory T cells can live up to

A)weeks.
B)days.
C)decades.
D)years.
E)months.

Question 55

Antigen-presenting cells usually display processed antigens to T cells in

A)plasma.
B)lymph nodes.
C)thymus.
D)red bone marrow.
E)liver.

Question 56

Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n)

A)hapten.
B)immunoglobulin.
C)natural killer cell.
D)major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein.
E)basophil.

Question 57

constitutes about 80% of circulating antibodies in plasma.

A)IgD
B)IgE
C)IgA
D)IgM
E)IgG

Question 58

Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is effective against

A)allergens.
B)venoms.
C)cancer cells.
D)extracellular viruses.
E)toxins.

Question 59

All of the following can act as antigen-presenting cells except

A)reticular cells.
B)dendritic cells.
C)macrophages.
D)B cells.
E)T cells.

Question 60

Before B cells secrete antibodies they differentiate into

A)stem cells.
B)antigen-presenting cells.
C)plasma cells.
D)T cells.
E)macrophages.

Question 61

Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish from foreign ones.

A)self-immunoglobulins
B)self-antibodies
C)self-antigens
D)self-interleukins
E)self-complement proteins

Question 62

Beta cell destruction that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is a(n)

A)anaphylactic hypersensitivity.
B)type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity.
C)type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity.
D)type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic) hypersensitivity.
E)type I (acute) hypersensitivity.

Question 63

A person who is HIV-positive and has a helper T (TH) cells count lower than has AIDS.

A)20,000 cells/μL
B)5,000 cells/μL
C)1,000 cells/μL
D)200 cells/μL
E)50 cells/μL