Deck 22: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following cartilages is largest?

A)the corniculate cartilage
B)the epiglottic cartilage
C)the thyroid cartilage
D)the cricoid cartilage
E)the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow?

A)atmospheric pressure
B)respiratory rate
C)bronchiole diameter
D)quantity of surfactant
E)the diaphragm

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which two ligaments extend from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages?

A)vestibular and vocal ligaments
B)laryngeal and corniculate
C)corniculate and cricoid
D)cricoids and arytenoids
E)thyrohyoid and cricoids

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following does not have cilia?

A)the nasal cavity
B)the trachea
C)the bronchi
D)terminal bronchioles
E)respiratory bronchioles

Question 5

Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except

A)the pharynx.
B)the epiglottis.
C)the oral cavity.
D)the tongue.
E)the lips.

Question 6

Each alveolus is surrounded by a basket of blood capillaries supplied by

A)the aorta.
B)the pulmonary artery.
C)the pulmonary vein.
D)the inferior vena cava.
E)the superior vena cava.

Question 7

During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate?

A)increased H+ level in the blood
B)the Bohr effect
C)reduced blood pH
D)reduced oxyhemoglobin
E)anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle

Question 8

The addition of CO₂ to the blood generates ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen.

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)nitrogen
D)hydrogen
E)chloride

Question 9

The most numerous cells in the lungs are called

A)mucosal cells.
B)type I alveolar cells.
C)type II alveolar cells.
D)dust cells.
E)vibrissae.

Question 10

states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.

A)Boyle's law
B)Valsalva's law
C)Dalton's law
D)Charles's law
E)Henry's law

Question 11

Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except

A)carbaminohemoglobin.
B)carbonic acid.
C)carbonate.
D)bicarbonate ions.
E)dissolved gas.

Question 12

What is the basic distinction between an alveolar duct and an alveolar atrium?

A)their shape
B)their size
C)their function
D)their epithelial type
E)presence or absence of cilia

Question 13

Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what?

A)tachypnea
B)dyspnea
C)orthopnea
D)hyperpnea
E)Kussmaul respiration

Question 14

Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air?

A)an increase in membrane thickness
B)an increase in alveolar surface area
C)an increase in respiratory rate
D)a decrease in membrane thickness
E)a decrease in nitrogen solubility

Question 15

The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is called

A)vital capacity.
B)inspiratory reserve volume.
C)expiratory reserve volume.
D)residual volume.
E)inspiratory capacity.

Question 16

Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation?

A)epinephrine
B)fever
C)thyroid hormone
D)low pH
E)erythrocyte count

Question 17

Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock.Why does a Good Samaritan have up to 4 or 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom's life?

A)reserve oxygen in Tom's lungs
B)a venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood
C)the ambient PO₂ can support life that long
D)the Haldane effect lasts up to 5 minutes
E)Tom's hypoxic drive will keep him alive for up to 5 minutes

Question 18

The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the

A)nasal cavities.
B)nasal fossae.
C)nasal septa.
D)nasal vestibules.
E)nasal apertures.

Question 19

The upper respiratory tract extends

A)from the nose through the trachea.
B)from the nose through the pharynx.
C)from the nose through the larynx.
D)from the nose through the alveoli.
E)from the nose through the lungs.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

A)It helps control the pH of body fluids.
B)It promotes the flow of lymph and venous blood.
C)It helps regulate blood pressure.
D)It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators.
E)It helps with defecation.

Question 21

In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen?

A)5% to 10%
B)10% to 15%
C)20% to 25%
D)30% to 40%
E)70% to 85%

Question 22

Polio can sometimes damage the brainstem respiratory centers and result in

A)a Bohr effect.
B)adult respiratory distress syndrome.
C)pneumothorax.
D)atelectasis.
E)Ondine's curse.

Question 23

Among its other purposes, the Valsalva maneuver is used

A)to aid in defecation and urination.
B)as part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest.
C)to ventilate the lungs during eupnea.
D)to expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs.
E)to clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen.

Question 24

The blood transports more CO₂ in the form of than in any other form.

A)carbaminohemoglobin
B)carboxyhemoglobin
C)bicarbonate ions
D)dissolved CO₂ gas
E)bisphosphocarbonate

Question 25

In , the lungs are infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis.

A)pneumonia
B)dyspnea
C)pneumothorax
D)tuberculosis
E)rhinitis

Question 26

Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly, producing a syndrome called

A)decompression sickness.
B)hyperbaric disease.
C)cerebral embolism.
D)pulmonary barotrauma.
E)pulmonary edema.

Question 27

Normally the systemic arterial blood has a PO₂ of mm Hg, a PcO₂ of mm Hg, and a pH of .

A)40; 95; 7.4
B)95; 40; 7.4
C)7.4; 40; 95
D)95; 7.4; 40
E)40; 7.4; 95

Question 28

The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in

A)the pontine respiratory group.
B)the dorsal respiratory group.
C)the ventral respiratory group.
D)the medulla oblongata.
E)the pons.

Question 29

Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the nasal mucosa?

A)apnea
B)adult respiratory distress syndrome
C)acute bronchitis
D)acute rhinitis
E)asthma

Question 30

Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphoglycerate.What would be the probable reason for doing so?

A)A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood.
B)Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload CO₂ very well.
C)Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O₂ very well.
D)Erythrocytes low in BPG do not load O₂ very well.
E)A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level.

Question 31

Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H₂CO₃ down to water and carbon dioxide?

A)hemoglobin
B)carboxyhemoglobin
C)carbonic anhydrase
D)bisphosphoglycerate
E)carbaminoreductase

Question 32

is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum.

A)Asthma
B)Oat-cell carcinoma
C)Atelectasis
D)Chronic bronchitis
E)Emphysema

Question 33

Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue?

A)apoxia
B)hypoxia
C)anoxia
D)cyanosis
E)eupnea

Question 34

A lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli is

A)cor pulmonale.
B)pulmonary hemosiderosis.
C)emphysema.
D)atelectasis.
E)collapsed lung.

Question 35

Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen-oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in order to avoid

A)the bends.
B)oxygen toxicity.
C)rapture of the deep.
D)caisson disease.
E)hypoxemic hypoxia.

Question 36

Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi?

A)squamous-cell carcinoma
B)oat-cell carcinoma
C)adenocarcinoma
D)pulmonary edema
E)cor pulmonale

Question 37

Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia?

A)sickle-cell disease
B)emphysema
C)squamous-cell carcinoma
D)asthma
E)atelectasis

Question 38

Congestive heart failure results in which of the following?

A)hypoxemic hypoxia
B)ischemic hypoxia
C)anemic hypoxia
D)histotoxic hypoxia
E)idiopathic hypoxia

Question 39

Which has the highest concentration in the air we breathe?

A)oxygen
B)water vapor
C)nitrogen
D)carbon dioxide
E)hydrogen

Question 40

Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air.It is produced by of the respiratory tract.

A)squamous alveolar cells
B)great alveolar cells
C)the pleurae
D)ciliated cells
E)goblet cells

Question 41

Breathing is controlled solely by the medulla oblongata and pons.

Question 42

The pleurae and pleural fluid help prevent the spread of pulmonary infection to the pericardium.

Question 43

Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice
versa.

Question 44

The rate of oxygen diffusion is affected by the pressure gradient of carbon dioxide.

Question 45

The maximum amount of air the lungs can contain is known as inspiratory capacity.

Question 46

According to the Bohr effect, a low level of oxyhemoglobin enables the blood to transport more
CO₂.

Question 47

Erythrocytes do not carry out aerobic respiration; thus, they do not consume any of the oxygen they
are transporting.

Question 48

Carbon monoxide competes with oxygen for the same binding site.

Question 49

Hemoglobin releases the same amount of oxygen to all the tissues regardless of variations in their
metabolic rate.

Question 50

Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1,200 mL.Your vital capacity is mL.

A)2,400
B)3,000
C)3,800
D)4,700
E)5,800

Question 51

Respiratory arrest is an irreversible condition.

Question 52

Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL.Your alveolar ventilation rate is mL/min.

A)2,400
B)3,600
C)4,200
D)5,600
E)6,400