Deck 16: Sense Organs

Question 1

Most somesthetic signals in the right side of the body reach the cerebral cortex in the contralateral
primary somesthetic area.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Divergent sensory pathways explain the phenomenon of referred pain.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa (fibrous layer) of the eyeball.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin.

Question 5

Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium.

Question 6

Taste signals travel from the tongue through the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.

Question 7

Sensory receptors sense only stimuli external to the body, such as light, sound waves, smell, and
touch.

Question 8

What is a sensation?

A)a response of a sensory receptor
B)a response of a sensory organ
C)a subjective awareness of a stimulus
D)an unconscious response to a stimulus
E)a response to any conscious stimulus

Question 9

Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light.

Question 10

The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a local electrical change specifically called a(an)

A)action potential.
B)graded potential.
C)local potential.
D)sensory potential.
E)receptor potential.

Question 11

Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by

A)thermoreceptors.
B)chemoreceptors.
C)nociceptors.
D)mechanoreceptors.
E)proprioceptors.

Question 12

The ossicles belong to the middle ear.

Question 13

Olfaction results from the stimulation of chemoreceptors.

Question 14

Fast pain is a localized response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers.

Question 15

The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium.

Question 16

The output energy of all receptors is a type of energy.

A)chemical
B)mechanical
C)thermal
D)electrical
E)nuclear

Question 17

Changes in blood pressure are detected by in arteries.

A)mechanoreceptors
B)chemoreceptors
C)proprioceptors
D)nociceptors
E)thermoreceptors

Question 18

The macula sacculi is nearly horizontal and the macula utriculi is nearly vertical.

Question 19

The middle ear consists of a fluid-filled chamber.

Question 20

Transduction begins with an action potential in a sensory receptor.

Question 21

Pain, heat, and cold are detected by

A)tactile (Meissner) discs.
B)tactile corpuscles.
C)lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles.
D)free nerve endings.
E)end (Krause) bulbs.

Question 22

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear.Which structure belongs to the inner ear?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 23

Infrasonic frequencies below Hz are not detected by the human ear, whereas ultrasonic frequencies above Hz are inaudible vibrations.

A)5; 20
B)10; 10,000
C)20; 20,000
D)5; 200,000
E)100; 100,000

Question 24

What taste sensation is produced by amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid?

A)salty
B)umami
C)bitter
D)sweet
E)sour

Question 25

This organ does not have nociceptors.

A)brain
B)heart
C)kidney
D)liver
E)stomach

Question 26

The primary olfactory cortex is located in the

A)parietal lobe.
B)insula.
C)occipital lobe.
D)frontal lobe.
E)temporal lobe.

Question 27

The structure shown in this figure is located within which of the following structures?

A)Scala vestibuli
B)Scala tympani
C)Cochlear duct
D)Anterior semicircular duct
E)Vestibule

Question 28

What structure is visible to the naked eye?

A)lingual papilla
B)taste (gustatory) cell
C)taste hair
D)taste bud
E)taste pore

Question 29

is the only sense in which signals can reach the cerebral cortex without passing first through the thalamus.

A)Touch
B)Smell
C)Taste
D)Vision
E)Equilibrium

Question 30

These structures are all involved with spinal gating of pain signals except

A)nociceptors.
B)the spinothalamic tract.
C)lower motor neurons.
D)second-order neurons.
E)the reticulospinal tract.

Question 31

You can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you just put it on, but after a little while the smell fades.What explains this phenomenon?

A)the sensory projection of the sense of smell
B)the projection pathway of the sense of smell
C)the tonic nature of the sense of smell
D)the phasic nature of the sense of smell
E)the fast adaptation of the primary olfactory cortex to the smell of your deodorant

Question 32

Pheromones stimulate

A)hair cells.
B)supporting cells.
C)taste cells.
D)olfactory cells.
E)olfactory glands.

Question 33

Most second-order somesthetic neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the

A)midbrain.
B)thalamus.
C)spinothalamic tract.
D)hypothalamus.
E)postcentral gyrus.

Question 34

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear.What does "7" represent?

A)the cochlea
B)the vestibule
C)the semicircular duct
D)the stapes
E)the tympanic cavity

Question 35

This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear.What does "3" represent?

A)the incus
B)the malleus
C)the stapes
D)the oval window
E)the round window

Question 36

Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity?

A)the oval window
B)the cochlear duct
C)the auditory canal
D)the auditory (eustachian) tube
E)the tympanic cavity

Question 37

These are all analgesics (pain relievers) naturally occurring in the central nervous system except

A)endogenous opioids.
B)dynorphins.
C)enkephalins.
D)endorphins.
E)bradykinins.

Question 38

This figure shows the spiral organ (organ of Corti).Which structure acts as a transducer?

A)1
B)6
C)4
D)5
E)7

Question 39

Stimuli produced by sound waves reach the brain following the pathway:

A)cochlear duct → spiral organ → ossicles → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane → fibers of cochlear nerve
B)auditory canal → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlear duct → ossicles → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve
C)cochlear duct → oval window → auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve
D)tympanic membrane → auditory canal → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve
E)auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve

Question 40

This figure shows the structure of a taste bud.Which cell produces a receptor potential?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 41

Each upward movement of the causes the stereocilia of the inner hair cells to bend, opening gates.

A)basilar membrane; K+
B)tectorial membrane; K+
C)vestibular membrane; K+
D)basilar membrane; Na+
E)tectorial membrane; Na+

Question 42

Human vision is limited to wavelengths ranging from nm.

A)4 to 70
B)40 to 700
C)400 to 700
D)400 to 7,000
E)4,000 to 7,000

Question 43

The fact that cones exhibit less neuronal convergence than rods do is part of the reason that

A)rod cells cannot distinguish different colors from each other.
B)rod cells do not function in bright light.
C)no images are perceived within the optic disc.
D)cone cells do not see in black and white.
E)photopic (day) vision has higher resolution than scotopic (night) vision.

Question 44

The do(does) not contribute to the sense of equilibrium.

A)retina
B)semicircular canals
C)saccule
D)utricle
E)vallate papillae

Question 45

When you view objects close to the eye, the eye makes an adjustment called

A)emmetropia.
B)accommodation.
C)refraction.
D)myopia.
E)diplopia.

Question 46

This figure shows a sagittal section of the eye.What does "2" represent?

A)the sclera
B)the choroid
C)the retina
D)the optic nerve
E)the vitreous body

Question 47

When you spin while sitting in a swivel chair with your eyes closed, you can sense this movement by means of your

A)cochlea.
B)saccule.
C)semicircular ducts.
D)utricle.
E)spiral organ (organ of Corti).

Question 48

A 100 dB sound (loud) of 150 Hz (low pitch) would cause the

A)tectorial membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end.
B)tectorial membrane to vibrate vigorously near its proximal end.
C)basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its proximal end.
D)basilar membrane to vibrate vigorously near its distal end.
E)basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end.

Question 49

This figure shows the metabolism of a visual pigment.Which step(s) represent(s) bleaching?

A)1, 2, 3, and 4
B)only 1
C)only 3
D)only 5
E)5 and 6

Question 50

These are all accessory structures of the eye except

A)the conjunctiva.
B)the palpebrae.
C)the lacrimal apparatus.
D)the superior oblique.
E)the cornea.

Question 51

This figure shows a schematic of the layers of the retinal cells.What does "5" represent?

A)a bipolar cell
B)a pigment cell
C)a rod
D)a cone
E)a ganglion cell

Question 52

This figure shows a sagittal section of the eye.Which structure does not have a numbered label?

A)the iris
B)the pupil
C)the cornea
D)the lens
E)the fovea centralis

Question 53

When you travel in an elevator, the senses when the elevator is moving.

A)inner hair cells of the basilar membrane
B)outer hair cells of the basilar membrane
C)hair cells of the tectorial membrane
D)hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula utriculi
E)hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi

Question 54

The crista ampullaris is associated with

A)static equilibrium related to standing still.
B)dynamic equilibrium related to linear acceleration.
C)dynamic equilibrium related to angular acceleration.
D)hearing related to high-pitch sounds.
E)vision related to color.

Question 55

Which of these is most vulnerable to irreversible damage caused by a very loud noise?

A)the ossicles
B)cochlear hair cells
C)the tympanic membrane
D)fibers of the cochlear nerve
E)the tectorial membrane

Question 56

Glaucoma is a state of elevated pressure within the eye that occurs when the is obstructed so the is not reabsorbed as fast as it is secreted.

A)scleral venous sinus; aqueous humor
B)posterior chamber; aqueous humor
C)anterior chamber; vitreous humor
D)scleral venous sinus; vitreous humor
E)pupil; aqueous humor

Question 57

A(An) eye does not need a corrective lens to focus the image.

A)hyperopic
B)myopic
C)presbyopic
D)emmetropic
E)astigmatic

Question 58

The is not an optic component of the eye.

A)aqueous humor
B)vitreous body
C)lens
D)retina
E)cornea

Question 59

are responsible for photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision.

A)Bipolar cells
B)Rods
C)Cones
D)Ganglion cells
E)Pigment cells

Question 60

Nerve fibers from all regions of the retina converge on the and exit the eye by way of the optic nerve.

A)macula lutea
B)optic disc
C)fovea centralis
D)ora serrata
E)lens

Question 61

The first-order neurons in the visual pathway are

A)the optic nerve fibers.
B)the rods and cones.
C)the ganglion cells.
D)the bipolar cells of the retina.
E)the photoreceptors of the eye.

Question 62

Half of the fibers of each optic nerve decussate at the .

A)superior colliculus
B)optic chiasm
C)lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
D)optic foramen
E)midbrain

Question 63

Adjustment to close-range vision involves all of the following except

A)activity of the extrinsic eye muscles.
B)change in the curvature of the lens.
C)constriction of the pupil.
D)ciliary muscle activity.
E)light adaptation.

Question 64

are the only retinal cells that produce action potentials.

A)Rods
B)Cones
C)Ganglion cells
D)Bipolar cells
E)Horizontal cells