Deck 10: Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Question 1

These branching structures carry information toward the cell body of a neuron.

A) synapses
B) axons
C) dendrites
D) nodes of Ranvier

Answer 1

dendrites

Question 2

The depression between the convolutions of the cerebrum is called a

A) pons.
B) gyrus.
C) sulcus.
D) corpus callosum.

Answer 2

sulcus.

Question 3

Endorphins are

A) natural morphine-like substances that can reduce anxiety and induce a sense of well-being.
B) energy sources much like ATP.
C) secreted by the choroid plexus and circulated within the subarachnoid space.
D) waste products generated by depolarizing neurons.

Answer 3

natural morphine-like substances that can reduce anxiety and induce a sense of well-being.

Question 4

The corpus callosum

A) connects the right and left hemispheres.
B) connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland.
C) lines the cerebral ventricles.
D) connects the brain stem to the cerebellum.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the arachnoid mater?

A) limbic system
B) meninges
C) blood-brain barrier
D) cranium

Question 6

What is the name of the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a second neuron?

A) vesicle
B) cell body
C) synapse
D) node of Ranvier

Question 7

In which cerebral lobe is Broca's area located?

A) parietal
B) occipital
C) frontal
D) temporal

Question 8

The medulla oblongata descends as the

A) diencephalons.
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebellum.
D) spinal cord.

Question 9

The frontal,temporal,occipital,and parietal lobes form the

A) brain stem.
B) cerebrum.
C) cerebellum.
D) reticular formation.

Question 10

Which word best describes the precentral gyrus?

A) olfactory
B) visual
C) motor
D) language

Question 11

Excessive opioids (narcotics)depress the medulla oblongata and therefore cause

A) Parkinson's disease.
B) blindness.
C) respiratory depression.
D) hypertension.

Question 12

What is the name of the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine? 10-PAGE 2
Test Bank

A) dopamine
B) ACh
C) acetylcholinesterase
D) norepinephrine

Question 13

The midbrain,pons,and medulla oblongata are referred to as the

A) diencephalons.
B) brain stem.
C) limbic system.
D) emotional brain.

Question 14

There are four major areas of the brain: the cerebrum,diencephalon,brain stem,and the

A) hypothalamus.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) limbic system.
D) cerebellum.

Question 15

The pituitary gland sits beneath the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) brain stem.
C) hypothalamus.
D) cerebellum.

Question 16

What term describes the hopping of the action potential (nerve impulse)along the axon from one node (of Ranvier)to the next?

A) myelination
B) depolarization
C) saltatory conduction
D) repolarization

Question 17

The surface of the cerebrum is folded into elevations that resemble speed bumps;these speed bumps are called

A) fissures.
B) sulci.
C) foramen.
D) convolutions,or gyri.

Question 18

The primary somatosensory area and the primary motor area are separated by

A) Broca's area.
B) the central sulcus.
C) the pia mater.
D) the longitudinal fissure.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is most associated with "wake up"?

A) Broca's area
B) cerebellum
C) reticular activating system
D) thalamus

Question 20

The neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh)are stored within the

A) tips of the dendrites.
B) cell body.
C) postsynaptic receptors.
D) axon terminals.

Question 21

The temporal lobe

A) is a brain stem structure.
B) is a cerebellar structure.
C) contains the primary auditory cortex.
D) is a large mass of white matter that joins the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Question 22

The repolarizing phase of the action potential

A) means that the inside of the cell is becoming more positive.
B) is due to the movement of sodium (Na⁺)into the cell.
C) is due to the movement of potassium (K⁺)out of the cell.
D) is due to the Na⁺/ K⁺ pump located in the membrane.

Question 23

Which of the following is most related to "saltatory conduction"?

A) dendrites
B) choroid plexus
C) nodes of Ranvier
D) astrocytes

Question 24

The inside of the unstimulated neuron is negative;this electrical charge is due to the outward leak of potassium and is called

A) depolarization.
B) the action potential.
C) the resting membrane potential.
D) the refractory period.

Question 25

Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space?

A) blood
B) lymph
C) cerebrospinal fluid
D) cytoplasm

Question 26

The purpose of the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump in the neuronal membrane is to

A) depolarize the membrane.
B) repolarize the membrane.
C) establish the Na⁺ and K⁺ gradients necessary for the development of an action potential.
D) secrete myelin.

Question 27

The astrocytes

A) support and protect the neurons and help to form the blood-brain barrier.
B) secrete myelin.
C) secrete cerebrospinal fluid.
D) are concentrated within the choroid plexus.

Question 28

The occipital lobe

A) is a brain stem structure.
B) performs the "executive" functions.
C) is called the vital center.
D) contains the primary visual cortex.

Question 29

What is the name of the motor speech area located in the frontal lobe?

A) the brain stem
B) the pons
C) Broca's area
D) the diencephalon

Question 30

Which of the following is the type of nervous tissue that conducts a nerve impulse?

A) astrocyte
B) neuroglia
C) neuron
D) ependymal cell

Question 31

What is the name of the first phase of the action potential that is caused by the inward movement of sodium?

A) repolarization
B) refractory period
C) depolarization
D) saltatory conduction

Question 32

The nodes of Ranvier

A) are located along the postsynaptic membrane.
B) increase the speed of the action potential.
C) synthesize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
D) store ACh in tiny vesicles.

Question 33

What is the term applied to the inability of a neuron to accept a stimulus while the neuron is still depolarized?

A) repolarization
B) threshold potential
C) resting membrane potential
D) refractory period

Question 34

What is the name of clusters of cell bodies that are located outside the central nervous system?

A) glia
B) nodes of Ranvier
C) nuclei
D) ganglia

Question 35

What is the function of the ependymal cells (choroid plexus)?

A) synthesize neurotransmitters such as ACh
B) form cerebrospinal fluid
C) phagocytose debris
D) secrete myelin

Question 36

Which of the following structures brings information toward the cell body?

A) dendrites
B) axons
C) nodes of Ranvier
D) axon terminals

Question 37

What is the fatty insulating material that surrounds the axons?

A) glia
B) choroid plexus
C) myelin sheath
D) sarcolemma

Question 38

Which of the following is the convolution located on the frontal lobe just anterior to the central sulcus?

A) Broca's area
B) primary motor area
C) somatosensory area
D) visual cortex

Question 39

Which structure is also called the "emotional brain"?

A) cerebellum
B) basal ganglia
C) medulla oblongata
D) limbic system

Question 40

What makes white matter "white"?

A) cell bodies
B) neurotransmitters
C) synapses
D) myelin sheath

Question 41

The precentral gyrus

A) is the primary motor area.
B) is located in the parietal lobe.
C) is called the vital center.
D) contains the medulla oblongata.

Question 42

Injury to the occipital lobe is most likely to cause

A) hearing loss.
B) paralysis.
C) loss of vision.
D) disturbances in gait.

Question 43

Frontal eye fields

A) perform a motor role regarding the eyes.
B) receive sensory information from the optic nerve.
C) allow the person to interpret visual information.
D) determine the color of the eyes.

Question 44

Parkinson's disease

A) is caused by a deficiency of dopamine within the basal ganglia.
B) refers to any increase in intracranial pressure.
C) is a demyelinating disease.
D) is caused by a slow cerebral bleeding episode.

Question 45

The medulla oblongata descends into the vertebral cavity through the

A) corpus callosum.
B) obturator foramen.
C) central canal.
D) foramen magnum.

Question 46

This structure plays a key role in personality development and emotional and behavioral expression;carries out the "executive" functions.

A) cerebellum
B) frontal lobe
C) basal ganglia
D) medulla oblongata

Question 47

Which group is incorrect?

A) lobes of the cerebrum:frontal,parietal,occipital,temporal
B) parts of the brain stem:cerebrum,pons,medulla oblongata
C) divisions of the nervous system:central nervous system,peripheral nervous system
D) electrical events:depolarization,repolarization,action potential

Question 48

Which structure is called the lateral,third,and fourth?

A) meninges
B) ventricles
C) cerebral lobes
D) parts of the brain stem

Question 49

This structure is part of the diencephalon;it regulates the anterior pituitary gland,water balance,appetite,body temperature,and the autonomic nervous system.

A) cerebellum
B) pons
C) medulla oblongata
D) hypothalamus

Question 50

Which group is incorrect?

A) parts of the brain:cerebrum,diencephalon,brain stem,cerebellum
B) meninges:pia mater,corpus callosum,dura mater
C) protective structures of the CNS:bone,meninges,cerebrospinal fluid,blood-brain barrier
D) types of glia:astrocytes,ependymal cells,oligodendrocytes,microglia

Question 51

Which of the following is the middle layer of the meninges and looks like a spiderweb?

A) dura mater
B) arachnoid mater
C) pia mater
D) reticular formation

Question 52

Broca's area

A) is concerned with motor speech.
B) allows the person to hear and interpret sound.
C) is located in the temporal lobe.
D) coordinates eye movements as in scanning a page in a book.

Question 53

The corpus callosum

A) connects the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord.
B) is a band of gray matter that lines the ventricles.
C) is the point at which all motor fibers decussate.
D) connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Question 54

Which of the following contains cerebrospinal fluid?

A) central sulcus
B) precentral gyrus
C) Broca's area
D) subarachnoid space

Question 55

The postcentral gyrus

A) is the primary visual cortex.
B) is located in the parietal lobe.
C) contains the primary motor cortex.
D) performs the "executive" functions.