Deck 60: Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

Question 1

Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus

A) Activates the satiety center
B) Causes feeding
C) Gives the subjective feeling of fullness
D) Increases the desire for salty foods
E) Causes excessive alcohol intake

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The "satiety center" is given its name because

A) Stimulation of the area in experimental animals inhibits feeding
B) Electrolytic destruction or ablation of the area in experimental animals inhibits feeding
C) This area is active when a person is hun gry
D) The area produces signals that cause a person to eat
E) Food intake Increases w hen the area is active

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Atwater factor for fat is

A) 4 k ca l g-1
B) 5.6 kc al g -1
C) 7.0 kc al g -1
D) 9.0 k cal g -1
E) 9.4 kc al g -1

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Neurons whose firing rate Increases when [glucose] falls are called

A) Glucose-sensitive neurons
B) Glucose-responsive neurons
C) Glucostat neurons
D) Involved in initiating feeding behavior
E) Sensitive to glucagon

Question 5

The Atwater factors

A) Do not take into consideration the digestibility of foods
B) Do not take into consideration the partial oxidation of proteins
C) Are exact numbers derivable from stoichiometry of oxidation
D) Are approximate numbers derived from a relatively small set of observations
E) Show that alcohol has the highest energy content per g

Question 6

The Atwater factor for carbohydrate is

A) 4 kc al g-1
B) 5.6 kc al g -1
C) 7.0 kc al g -1
D) 9.0 kc al g -1
E) 9.4 kc al g -1

Question 7

The "energy equivalent" of O₂ is abo ut

A) 4 k ca l g-1
B) 9 k ca l g-1
C) 7 k ca l g-1
D) 5 kc al L-1
E) 1 L g-1

Question 8

The Atw ate r fa cto r fo r alc oh ol is

A) 4 k ca l g-1
B) 5.6 kc al g -1
C) 7.0 k cal g -1
D) 9.0 kc al g -1
E) 9.4 kc al g -1

Question 9

Estimation of protein catabolism by urinary nitrogen relies on the fact that

A) Protein used for energy does not produce CO₂
B) T he m ain ex cr etio n o f nit ro ge n is thr ou gh the am m on ia in ex ha led air
C) The nitrogen content of proteins is almost uniformly 16%
D) Only the liver makes am monium
E) Only the liver makes urea

Question 10

The Atwater factors con vert

A) Mass of macronutrient to metabolic energy
B) Liters of oxygen to metabolic energy
C) Mass of macronutrient to liters of oxgyen consumed
D) M as s o f m ac ro nu trie nt to m as s o f bo dy
E) Mass of body component to metabolic energy

Question 11

The "feeding center" is located in the

A) Ventromedial hypothalamus
B) Lateral hypothalamus
C) Supra-optic nucleus
D) Paraventricular nucleus
E) Superchiasmatic nucleus

Question 12

The "satiety center" is located in the

A) Ventromedial hypothalamus
B) Lateral hypothalamus
C) Supra-optic nucleus
D) Paraventricular nucleus
E) Superchiasmatic nucleus

Question 13

The Benedict-Atwater whole body calorimeter

A) Determined the energy content of human wastes
B) Established that humans obey the Second Law of Thermodynam ics
C) Allowed determ ination of the energy equivalence of chem ical and m echan ical work
D) Gave data that allowed c alculation of the Atwater factors
E) Gave a value for the conversion of calories to joules

Question 14

Indire ct ca lorim etry refe rs to

A) The determination of heat exchange by m ea su rin g th e te m pe ra tur e d iffe re nc es in the room
B) The determination of heat exchange by measuring the mechanical work performed
C) Es tim atio n o f en er gy c on su m ptio n b y m otio n a na lysis
D) Estimation of energy consu mption or production from O₂ consumption and CO₂ production
E) Estimation of energy consumption by allometric formulae

Question 15

CCK

A) Signals body adiposity sign
B) Signa ls short-term satiety
C) Release is caused by gastric distension
D) Is released mainly by endocrine cells in the stomach -1
E) Increases HCO₃ se cr etio n fr om pa nc re atic du ct c ells

Question 16

The basal metabolic rate, BMR, is defined as

A) The m etabolic rate while the person is resting, fasting and aw ake
B) The overall average metabolism during the course of a day
C) The total metabolism averaged over a year, expressed per day
D) Metabolic rate during light exercise
E) The m etabolic rate during sleep

Question 17

The m os t im po rta nt d ete rm ina nt o f B M R is

A) Bo dy we ight
B) Bo dy adip osity
C) Height
D) Surface area
E) Gender

Question 18

Adiposity signals include

A) G hr elin
B) Le ptin
C) Glucose
D) CCK
E) Gut distension

Question 19

Neurons whose firing rate Increases when [glucose] rises are called

A) Glucose-sensitive neurons
B) Glucose-responsive neurons
C) Glucostat neurons
D) Involved in initiating feeding behavior
E) Sensitive to glucagon

Question 20

The Atw ate r fa cto r fo r pr ote in is

A) 4 kc al g -1
B) 5.6 kc al g -1
C) 7.0 kc al g -1
D) 9.0 kc al g -1
E) 9.4 kc al g -1

Question 21

Integration of signals for feeding behavior occurs in the

A) Hypothalamus
B) Superior colliculus
C) Pons
D) M ed ulla
E) Cerebrum