Deck 17: Diet in Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia

Question 1

Which of the following hormones acts to lower blood sugar?
1) Epinephrine
2) Glucagon
3) Growth hormone
4) Insulin

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Usually a high priority for nutritional therapy in type 2 diabetes is:
1) Achieving desirable glucose, blood pressure, and lipid levels, as well as weight control
2) Careful adherence to the distribution plan for nutrients throughout the day
3) Protein intake at 250% of the recommended dietary allowance for individuals without diabetes
4) Strict compliance with a meal pattern of three meals and three snacks per day

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Which of the following situations might lead a health-care provider to consider testing for diabetes?
1) Recent weight gain related to binging and purging
2) Alcohol abuse
3) Frequent infections that are slow to respond to treatment
4) Sudden onset of dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Which of the statements about insulin is true?
1) It is a byproduct of the production of pancreatic lipase.
2) It is necessary for the digestion of protein.
3) Its source is the alpha cells of the pancreas.
4) It cannot be administered orally.

Question 5

Women with gestational diabetes often give birth to larger-than-average infants. Which of the following explanations is most accurate?
1) The woman's tissues become insulin resistant, and her insulin crosses the placenta.
2) The fetus produces sufficient insulin to convert the glucose from the placenta to adipose tissue.
3) The fetus selectively absorbs the glucose but not the insulin from the mother.
4) Fetal insulin is stronger than maternal insulin.

Question 6

Hypoglycemia is not caused by:
1) Overconsumption of food
2) Taking too much insulin
3) Greater than usual amounts of exercise
4) Delay in eating a meal.

Question 7

To prevent the development of ketosis, which nutrient should the nurse encourage?
1) Carbohydrates
2) Vitamins
3) Minerals
4) Fiber

Question 8

One of the ways oral hypoglycemic agents act is by:
1) Increasing the amount of epinephrine released by the adrenal gland
2) Stimulating peristalsis to eliminate excess glucose in the feces
3) Substituting a synthetic product for natural insulin
4) Stimulating the pancreas to release insulin

Question 9

After reviewing information about type 1 diabetes, additional review is needed when the client states which of the following?
1) The pathology involves damaged beta cells.
2) Individual are more prone to autoimmune disease.
3) This type is mostly found in children and adolescents.
4) Weight reduction is always an important part of therapy.

Question 10

A client with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus is at high risk for acidosis because of which of the following?
1) An elevated serum glucose level contributes to the osmotic retention of water.
2) The body cannot quickly metabolize the body fat that is broken down for energy.
3) The kidneys cannot excrete the excess glucose effectively.
4) The liver continues to break down glycogen to glucose.

Question 11

Which of the following is a vegetable exchange?
1) 1/2 cup of chopped, cooked broccoli
2) 1/2 cup of cream-style corn
3) 1 cup of lettuce
4) One medium white potato

Question 12

Which of the following is classified as a starch exchange as opposed to a vegetable exchange?
1) Celery
2) Corn
3) Tomatoes
4) Summer squash

Question 13

The renal threshold refers to the:
1) Amount of glucose in the urine in a positive glucose tolerance test
2) Point at which the kidney returns glucose to the bloodstream
3) Ratio of blood glucose to glucose measured in the urine
4) Level of glucose in the blood that triggers glycosuria

Question 14

The classic triad of symptoms of diabetes includes all except:
1) Polycythemia
2) Polydipsia
3) Polyphagia
4) Polyuria

Question 15

Which of the following laboratory tests will reflect blood sugar levels over a 3- to 4-month period?
1) Fasting blood sugar
2) Glucose tolerance test
3) Glycosylated hemoglobin
4) Urinary glucose

Question 16

Which one of the following statements about type 2 diabetes is true?
1) It is an inconvenience but is never life threatening.
2) It is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
3) It never requires an insulin prescription.
4) It is usually diagnosed in young people.

Question 17

An exercise program helps in the control of blood glucose levels by:
1) Increasing glycogen stores
2) Increasing insulin requirements
3) Increasing the number of insulin receptors on muscle fibers
4) Stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin

Question 18

What should the health educator tell a client with diabetes to carry to treat hypoglycemia?
1) Dietetic candy
2) Small box of raisins
3) King-size bar of chocolate candy
4) Glucose tablets

Question 19

A client with type 1 diabetes has to burn fats for energy, with a resulting buildup of which of the following in the blood?
1) Fatty acids
2) Glycerol
3) Glucose
4) Ketones

Question 20

Which of the following values for a fasting blood sugar (FBS) is a normal range?
1) 55 to 70 mg/dL
2) 70 to 110 mg/dL
3) 110 to 140 mg/dL
4) 140 to 160 mg/dL

Question 21

Which of the following interventions has been shown to delay the onset and slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy?
1) Weekly visits to the clinic or physician's office
2) Intermittent adherence to the American Diabetic Association diet
3) Intensive control of blood glucose levels
4) Self-monitoring of blood glucose

Question 22

Sick Day Guidelines include all except the following:
1) Discontinuing all medications
2) Testing blood glucose levels frequently
3) Drinking liquids containing carbohydrates and electrolytes if vomiting
4) Increasing fluid intake

Question 23

The following is true about the medication glipizide (Glucotrol):
1) It should be taken on an empty stomach.
2) It is usually given in three doses per day.
3) It reduces insulin resistance.
4) It increases liver glucose production.

Question 24

Hyperglycemia may be caused by:
1) Too much insulin
2) Infection
3) Eating less food than usual
4) More exercise than usual