Deck 9: Inequalities of Age

Question 1

In which society would the old voluntarily "remove" themselves by allowing themselves to die of exposure?

A) Traditional Inuit
B) Native American
C) Tiwi
D) Bantu
E) Chennaian

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What form does the age pyramid take in many traditional societies?

A) Many children, fewer adults, very few elders
B) Few children, many adults, few elders
C) Few children, few adults, many elders
D) Many children, many adults, many elders
E) Many children, many adults, very few elders

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Some people label themselves as "old" when they begin to have wrinkles, start balding, experience aches, and have difficulty in doing some things. These people are using as a basis for labelling themselves as "old."

A) personal history
B) biological characteristics
C) their society's timetable
D) symbols
E) their gender age

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Lise is a newborn baby girl. In today's Canadian society, what is her life expectancy?

A) 66-70
B) 76-80
C) 71-75
D) 60-65
E) 81+

Question 5

What term is used to describe the group of Canadians born between 1946 and 1965?

A) The sandwich generation
B) The teen generation
C) The baby boomers
D) The post-war group
E) The millennials

Question 6

The text describes three factors that contribute to the social construction of age. Which are these?

A) Biography, timetables, and media
B) Biology, media, and ethnicity
C) Biology, biography, and timetables
D) Media, ethnicity, and gender
E) Biography, ethnicity, and gender

Question 7

Among the countries shown in Figure 9.2, had the longest life expectancy and had the shortest life expectancy.

A) Germany; Mozambique
B) Australia; Ethiopia
C) United States; Nigeria
D) Canada; Afghanistan
E) Japan; Angola

Question 8

The Association of Canadian Pension Management says that the combined forces of the retirement of the Boomer Generation, rising life expectancies, and could possibly rupture our retirement and health care systems.

A) old people not saving enough
B) big business not paying enough taxes
C) rising birth rates
D) immigration patterns
E) falling birth rates

Question 9

Which term refers to the signals societies use to inform their members they are old?

A) Timetables
B) Life cycle indicators
C) Life course markers
D) Timelines
E) Generational indicators

Question 10

Which term refers to the number of workers compared with the number of QPP/CPP recipients?

A) Dependency quota
B) Dependency ratio
C) Gini coefficient
D) Correlation coefficient
E) Relative ratio

Question 11

What is one reason why it is important to examine the way we socially construct aging?

A) It will help us live longer.
B) It will help us understand why we age.
C) It shows us that the old are just like the young.
D) It is a booming area of research.
E) It will help us more fully understand social inequalities.

Question 12

Which is a term used by many analysts to refer to a period when health deteriorates and activity is limited?

A) Fourth age
B) Golden age
C) Third stage
D) Second stage
E) Third age

Question 13

Which of the following was a finding of McMullin and Cairney's (2004) study?

A) Self-esteem tends to increase as men and women age.
B) Women of all ages report higher self-esteem than men.
C) Social class characteristics are not related to self-esteem.
D) Men, more than women, were advantaged by social class as they aged.
E) Canadian women have higher self-esteem than women in other industrialized countries.

Question 14

What was the median age in Canada in 2006?

A) 22.7 years
B) 25.4 years
C) 31.6 years
D) 39.5 years
E) 44.0 years

Question 15

Which event corresponded with an increase in the number of seniors but also a significant downturn in their social position?

A) The Agricultural Revolution
B) The Industrial Revolution
C) The Baby Boom
D) The Baby Bust
E) The Second World War

Question 16

Which term refers to a concept that examines seniors within a complex web of relationships?

A) Intergenerational interlinkages
B) Intergenerational stress
C) Interfamilial support
D) Intergenerational gerontology
E) Critical gerontology

Question 17

If a woman becomes a grandmother in her early 30s, according to the symbolic interactionist perspective, this event will have an impact on her self-concept with regard to aging. In this situation, she is using her _ as a basis for her assessment of whether she is old or not.

A) biological age
B) personal history or biography
C) gender age
D) biological characteristics
E) society's timetable

Question 18

Which term refers to prejudice, discrimination, and hostility directed against people because of their age?

A) Reverse discrimination
B) Generationism
C) Ageism
D) Age harassment
E) Cohortism

Question 19

Which theorists focus on how the symbols associated with age affect our perceptions of when a person becomes old?

A) Postmodernists
B) Conflict theorists
C) Exchange theorists
D) Symbolic interactionists
E) Functionalists

Question 20

The average _ Canadian is likely to live a shorter life than other Canadians.

A) African
B) Indo
C) Asian
D) Aboriginal
E) Chinese

Question 21

Children of the baby boomers now comprise _ percent of the Canadian population.

A) 27
B) 33
C) 40
D) 45
E) 55

Question 22

The first national survey of elder abuse was undertaken in .

A) 1984
B) 1992
C) 1999
D) 2000
E) 2009

Question 23

Organizations like the Gray Panthers and C.A.R.P. (Canadian Association of Retired Persons) would be good examples of efforts to bring about .

A) an extension of the current age of retirement
B) senior empowerment
C) generational conflict
D) dependency
E) reverse discrimination

Question 24

Currently, there are _ working taxpayers for every non-working pensioner. This is expected to drop to a ratio of to one.

A) 5; 1
B) 10; 5
C) 1; 2
D) 4; 2
E) 1; 4

Question 25

Why is aging increasingly viewed as a feminist issue?

A) Because women live longer than men
B) Because men age better than women
C) Because the media portrays aging women in a negative manner
D) Because many feminists are aging
E) Because the other perspectives are not as concerned with aging

Question 26

Caring for elderly parents is likely to impact _ the most.

A) children
B) institutional workers
C) adult men
D) adult women
E) secondary caregivers

Question 27

What is one difference in how men and women age?

A) For many men, aging can be empowering.
B) Men generally outlive women.
C) Men stay healthier longer.
D) Men don't form social organizations like "the Raging Grannies."
E) Men don't buy age-fighting cosmetics.

Question 28

There are regional differences in Canada's aging population. Which areas have older populations than the national average?

A) Pacific provinces and Quebec
B) Atlantic provinces and Quebec
C) Northern territories and Pacific provinces
D) Northern territories and Quebec
E) Atlantic provinces and Northern territories

Question 29

How do the media often present the aging process?

A) As a social problem
B) As a time for fun and relaxation
C) As the "golden years"
D) As a personal problem
E) As something to look forward to

Question 30

In 2010, nearly seniors were victims of family violence, according to police- reported data.

A) 3000
B) 5000
C) 2800
D) 1000
E) Fewer than 500

Question 31

According to the 2011 census, baby boomers represent nearly _ of the total Canadian population.

A) one-tenth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) one-eighth
E) one-quarter

Question 32

Today, of Canadians are age 65 or over, a figure that is anticipated to increase to by 2031.

A) 5 percent; 15 percent
B) 15 percent; 23 percent
C) 25 percent; 35 percent
D) 35 percent; 40 percent
E) 40 percent; 55 percent

Question 33

Notably, in , for the first time, there were more people aged 55 to 64, presumably moving toward leaving the labour force, than there were Canadians aged 15 to 24, presumably about to enter the labour force.

A) 1999
B) 2011
C) 1984
D) 1970
E) 2001

Question 34

Which term is used to refer to the increasing proportion of older people in the Canadian population?

A) The age pyramid
B) The greying of Canada
C) The baby bust
D) The baby boom
E) Ageism

Question 35

The world's shortest life expectancies (below 50) include countries such as:

A) South Africa.
B) South Korea.
C) Spain.
D) Japan.
E) Brazil.

Question 36

According to feminists, what happens to women as they age?

A) They are more respected.
B) Their incomes increase.
C) They are increasingly marginalized.
D) Their self-esteem increases.
E) Their marital satisfaction increases.

Question 37

In her research on older women in the media, what did U.S. feminist Betty Friedan find?

A) Older women are presented in a more positive manner than older men.
B) Pictures of older women are more likely to be touched-up.
C) Older women are almost absent in the media.
D) Older women are being portrayed more frequently.
E) The "grandmother" stereotype of older women no longer applies.

Question 38

Sexless, frail, and forgetful are examples of of older people.

A) stigmas
B) the biology
C) the biography
D) discrimination
E) stereotypes

Question 39

According to the 2006 census, seniors comprise what percentage of the Canadian population?

A) over 25 percent
B) 24.2 percent
C) 18.9 percent
D) 13.7 percent
E) less than 10 percent

Question 40

When looking at aging, what do conflict theorists draw attention to?

A) The exploitation of the young by the elderly
B) The potential for discord among society's age groups
C) The unequal benefits of older people
D) How labels are used to describe the elderly
E) How older people can still provide a source of less expensive labour

Question 41

When did aging start to receive attention from Canadian social researchers?

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s
E) 1980s

Question 42

Aging is socially constructed and we define age by the symbols we attach to it.

Question 43

Alberta's booming economy has attracted so many young workers and families that, in 2011, it recorded the lowest provincial population aged 65 and over (11 percent).

Question 44

Which social institutions used to support the age-based system of respect and deference?

A) The workplace and the nuclear family
B) The patriarchal family and traditional religious structures
C) Education and health care
D) The political system and the factory system
E) The nuclear family and the media

Question 45

Which of the following is a signal in the societal timetable?

A) Wrinkled skin
B) Gray hair
C) The birth of a grandchild
D) The death of a friend
E) Mandatory retirement

Question 46

What do feminists point out about aging for women?

A) It is a natural process.
B) It exacerbates the problems of power and inequality.
C) It happens faster for women than for men.
D) It is the only thing that affects women and men equally.
E) Women are better equipped than men to deal with it.

Question 47

As of this writing, there were 5825 centenarians in Canada, a number that has increased by since 2006.

A) 25.7 percent
B) 33.3 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 40.5 percent
E) 50 percent

Question 48

Which term is used to refer to the burden experienced by mid-life women and men who must satisfy the simultaneous demand of their teenage children and elderly parents?

A) Intergenerational interlinkages
B) Ageism
C) The dependency crisis
D) Sandwich generation
E) Dependency ratio

Question 49

Over the past five years, the proportion of seniors aged 65 and over increased by in every province and territory in Canada, whereas the number of youth aged 14 and under decreased by _ .

A) 0.3 percent; 0.7 percent
B) 1.0 percent; 0.8 percent
C) 2.2 percent; 1.1 percent
D) 1.4 percent; 0.5 percent
E) 3.0 percent; 1.8 percent

Question 50

According to the 2011 census, there are over 4.9 million Canadian seniors.

Question 51

Elderly men are more likely than women to be abused by relatives.

Question 52

Women are more likely than men to end up on their own and socially isolated.

Question 53

The term "greying of Canada" refers to the growing number of women over 65 years of age.

Question 54

The burden of family support often falls disproportionately on adult women.

Question 55

What is the "boomer bottleneck"?

A) Another term for mandatory retirement
B) A type of pension fund
C) A term for Canada's aging population
D) Older workers hanging on to their jobs
E) A derogatory term for older men

Question 56

A hundred years ago, the majority of Canadians would not live to see age 65; by , wholly a quarter of all Canadians will be over that age, according to projections

A) 2033
B) 2051
C) 2060
D) 2070
E) 2083

Question 57

The "baby boom" refers to the dramatic increase in the population generated between 1946 and 1965.

Question 58

Having money improves your prospects for health and longevity.

Question 59

Where do the vast majority of seniors live?

A) In private households
B) With their children
C) In nursing homes
D) In hospitals
E) In government housing

Question 60

Many Canadian seniors live in or near poverty.

Question 61

Often, the cultural definitions of age for the label "old" are assigned to people sooner than they are ready to be considered "old."

Question 62

In 2011, seniors 65 and older made up 27.5 percent of Canadians living in census metropolitan areas.

Question 63

Prior to 1951, men were more likely to live into old age than women.

Question 64

By 2011, 11 percent of Canadian pension plan sponsors had closed their defined benefit plans to new entrants.

Question 65

Until recently, almost all Canadians were required by law to retire at age 65.

Question 66

When people label themselves as old, they base it only on their biological characteristics.

Question 67

Aboriginal peoples have dramatically lower life expectancies than the average Canadian.

Question 68

The death of close friends is an important signpost in the process of aging.

Question 69

As the dependency ratio shifts and the proportion of working people shrinks, conflict theorists believe some form of conflict between the "young" and the "old" is inevitable.

Question 70

Feminist analysts have pointed out that, surprisingly, aging does not exacerbate the problems of power and inequality for women. With age, women and men come closer to equality.

Question 71

CARP and the Fédération de l'Âge d'Or are examples that seniors have become a more prominent and economic element in Canadian society.

Question 72

Symbolic interactionists stress that, by itself, reaching a particular age has no meaning.

Question 73

Timetables play a relatively insignificant role in establishing expectations about aging compared to biological factors.

Question 74

Walz's (2002) study on popular media found increasingly positive representations of seniors as sexual beings.

Question 75

Ageism refers to the process of getting older.

Question 76

Those with higher income and education are less likely to see their health deteriorate.

Question 77

As a result of low fertility and out-migration, populations in the prairies and Ontario are expected to continue to age more rapidly than the rest of the country over the next decade.

Question 78

Over 40 percent of seniors over age 65 in Canada are cared for in an institution.

Question 79

Media images of older women are entirely negative or absent.

Question 80

Timetables, or the signals societies use to inform their members that they are old, are universal throughout the world.