Deck 2: Portraying Earth

Question 1

The property of equivalence portrays accurate size although it .

A) stretches the circle of tangency
B) distorts shapes
C) bends parallels
D) renders the Poles as lines
E) all of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The original purpose of the Mercator projection was

A) for ocean navigation.
B) to make the first map of the world.
C) to befuddle introductory physical geography students.
D) for the guidance of intercontinental missiles.
E) to produce an accurate, equal area map.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A scale remains correct even if the map is enlarged or reduced when reproduced.

A) large
B) graphic
C) isogonic
D) representative fraction
E) color

Answer 3

B

Question 4

All map projections have this in common

A) conformality.
B) equivalence.
C) some distortion.
D) small scale.
E) perfect portrayal of the globe.

Question 5

The relationship between the map distance and the corresponding distance on the ground is known as the .

A) loxodrome
B) map quotient
C) vector
D) scale
E) azimuth

Question 6

Aerial photography of the Earth's surface taken from an angle other than straight down is termed .

A) vertical
B) isogonic
C) oblique
D) useless
E) photogrammetric

Question 7

On small scale maps, it is difficult to achieve .

A) conformality
B) proper scale
C) pole- centered perspective
D) a circle of tangency
E) equivalency

Question 8

A laxodrome is another term for _.

A) gnomon
B) x- ray
C) rhumb line
D) thermal scanner
E) none of the above

Question 9

For the geographer, the new mapping tools like remote sensing, GPS, and GIS are best viewed as

A) adjuncts to field study.
B) aids to the study of small areas.
C) replacements for traditional geographic description.
D) too difficult for geographers to use.
E) in the test mode and too expensive for most geographers to use.

Question 10

A Mercator map is constructed by projecting the grid of the globe onto a(n) .

A) circle
B) interrupted surface
C) cone
D) cylinder
E) flat surface

Question 11

The first airborne platform for aerial photography was a .

A) airplane
B) lighthouse
C) balloon
D) satellite
E) kite

Question 12

The most important Earth resources satellite series was started in the 1970s and is known as

A) Seasat
B) GOES
C) TIROS
D) Landsat
E) Sputnik

Question 13

Which mapmaking method would be used to minimize distortion of continents on a world map?

A) a perfectly equivalent projection
B) a large scale
C) an interrupted projection
D) a conic projection
E) a Mercator projection

Question 14

Which of the following would be a type of application in which a geographic information system could be used?

A) integrating topographic information with vegetation information
B) environmental monitoring
C) environment site assessment
D) resource management
E) all of the above

Question 15

Three dimensional effects are best obtained with .

A) thermal scanners
B) color infrared photography
C) ultraviolet photographs
D) vertical aerial photographs
E) none of the above

Question 16

Which of the following forms of remote sensing is based on sound?

A) microwave sensing
B) sonar
C) thermal infrared imaging
D) radar
E) color infrared photography

Question 17

is the science of taking reliable measurements from aerial photographs.

A) Photogrammetry
B) Map projection
C) Multispectral scanning
D) Cartography
E) Symap

Question 18

Radar is an "active" remote sensing system and is a "passive" system using the same wavelengths.

A) thermal infrared sensing
B) photography
C) microwave sensing
D) ultraviolet sensing
E) the use of a thermometer

Question 19

The smallest scale of the following is

A) 1:200,000.
B) 1:100,000.
C) 1:900,000.
D) 1:500,000.
E) 1:750,000.

Question 20

Which of the following is essential for GPS to function?

A) locations on land instead of ocean
B) a GIS unit in a receiver
C) highly accurate clocks
D) a nearby base station on Earth's surface
E) a small radar unit

Question 21

A(n) is a line joining points of equal magnetic declination.

A) contour line
B) isomag
C) isotherm
D) isohyet
E) isogonic line

Question 22

In terms of remote sensing, geographers

A) have shown very little interest.
B) should not stop using maps and field study.
C) should never use remote sensing.
D) have never used remote sensing.
E) will someday identify one remote sensing type best for all purposes.

Question 23

A mountain appears in overlapping vertical aerial photographs. Which of the following measurements could be made by use of the photographs?

A) Exact altitudes
B) Steepness of its slopes
C) Area
D) Contour lines
E) all of the above

Question 24

The projection is probably the most famous and well- used projection for world maps.

A) small scale
B) global
C) U.S.G.S. topographic quadrangle
D) large scale
E) Mercator

Question 25

On an orthophoto map, one might expect to find

A) many problems with map distortion.
B) cultural but not physical features.
C) distortion- free photographs.
D) symbols that are difficult to read.
E) sketches rather than true projections.

Question 26

Geographic information system technology is a direct result of advances in

A) spatial statistics.
B) computer cartography.
C) surveying.
D) remote sensing.
E) all of the above

Question 27

Satellite data are analyzed in individual pieces representing several to many meters on the Earth's surface. These pieces are known as

A) false color images.
B) RBV's.
C) scan lines.
D) computer maps.
E) pixels.

Question 28

Isolines have all the properties EXCEPT the following:

A) They may cross each other.
B) Close isolines indicate a steep gradient.
C) They were first used on a map about 300 years ago.
D) They are always closed loops.
E) The numerical difference between isolines are intervals.

Question 29

The scale of "an inch on the map represents two miles on the surface of the Earth" would be CLOSEST to which representative fraction?

A) 1:120,000
B) 1:60,000
C) 1:200,000
D) 1:1,000,000
E) 1:12

Question 30

Which of the following refers to an "active" remote sensing system?

A) microwave
B) thermal infrared imagery
C) radar
D) color infrared photography
E) a black and white photography

Question 31

In the Mercator projection, which piece of the Earth is portrayed ridiculously large in comparison to its actual size?

A) Greenland
B) the continental U.S.
C) Brazil
D) low- latitude locations
E) the continent of Africa

Question 32

Which of the following should contain a brief summary of the map's content or purpose?

A) the legend
B) the scale
C) the title
D) the area within the map boundaries
E) the data source

Question 33

The first aerial photographs were taken .

A) in the middle 1600s
B) during the Vietnam War
C) in the middle 1800s
D) during the Korean War
E) during World War II

Question 34

The largest scale among the following representative fractions is .

A) 1:100,000
B) 1:50,000
C) 1:1,000,000
D) 1:10,000
E) 1:24,000

Question 35

Microwave imagery is ideally suited for sensing .

A) emitted heat
B) moisture
C) reflected light
D) military targets
E) fluctuations in Earth's orbit

Question 36

Which of the following would be used for overlay map analysis where two or more map layers are superimposed or integrated?

A) color infrared
B) Landsat
C) GIS
D) EOS
E) GPS

Question 37

The first cartographer to use isolines on a published map was .

A) Mercator
B) Lambert
C) Aristotle
D) Robinson
E) Halley

Question 38

Which of the following is the most recent type of Earth resource satellites?

A) NEXRAD
B) Landsat
C) GOES
D) EOS
E) GPS

Question 39

The scale of 1:63,360 is the same as one inch equals .

A) one mile
B) one meter
C) one furlong
D) one yard
E) one foot

Question 40

MODIS is associated with which satellite series?

A) GOES
B) Space Shuttle
C) EOS
D) Landsat
E) NIMBUS

Question 41

Radar senses energy in wavelengths longer than 1 .

A) kilometer
B) angstrom
C) meter
D) micrometer
E) millimeter

Question 42

You wish to navigate your yacht from Europe to the United States. Which type of map projection would be most useful?

A) Mercator
B) Cylindrical
C) Equivalent
D) Conic
E) Interrupted

Question 43

Which of the following is a form of remote sensing?

A) thermal infrared imaging
B) aerial photography
C) color infrared photography
D) radar
E) all of the above

Question 44

A(n) map contains lines joining points of equal elevation.

A) contour
B) isotherm
C) isohyet
D) isogonic
E) isobar

Question 45

To represent elevation on maps, cartographers use , which are a form of isoline.

A) contour lines
B) rhumb lines
C) meters
D) isotherms
E) isoamplitudes

Question 46

Which of the below, because of the wavelengths it uses, tends to have the low spatial resolution of Earth surface features?

A) Landsat
B) black and white aerial photography
C) thermal infrared imagery
D) color infrared photography
E) microwave remote sensing

Question 47

The global positioning system (GPS) is based on

A) infrared light sources.
B) aerial photography.
C) large, expensive receivers.
D) data from satellites.
E) gravity waves from the Sun and moon.

Question 48

A(n) is the generic term for any map line which joins points of equal value.

A) isoline
B) legend
C) rhumb line
D) meridian
E) projection

Question 49

To use , aerial photographs must be carefully overlapped.

A) a stereoscope
B) Landsat
C) a GIS
D) digital image processing
E) sonar

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT part of a Geographic Information System?

A) human drawing of isolines on maps
B) data storage and retrieval
C) collection, input, and correction of data
D) output and reporting
E) manipulation and analysis of data layers

Question 51

Which of the below wavelengths have been most useful in expanding measure biomass?

A) radio wavelengths
B) near infrared
C) ultraviolet
D) x- rays
E) gamma wavelengths

Question 52

A disadvantage of globes compared to maps is that globes are not

A) accurate.
B) conformal.
C) suitable for use in class.
D) equivalent.
E) as portable.

Question 53

A loxodrome is

A) line of constant compass bearing.
B) a tracing of the exact great circle route.
C) a curved line on a Mercator projection.
D) the opposite of a rhumb line.
E) part of a sundial.

Question 54

Which of the following portions of the electromagnetic spectrum is sensed on FILM?

A) Thermal infrared
B) Color infrared
C) Radar
D) Microwave
E) Multispectral

Question 55

Geopositioning technology

A) has never been commercially successful.
B) has accuracies better than the best base maps.
C) typically uses receivers larger than filing cabinets.
D) is another term for the drawing of isolines.
E) began in the 1920s.

Question 56

are multicolored, distortion- free photographic image maps. Displacements caused by camera tilt or differences in terrain elevations have been removed.

A) Mercator projections
B) GIS maps
C) Orthophoto maps
D) Vertical aerial photographs
E) Aerial photographs

Question 57

Maps can be made by projecting Earth's spherical grid onto

A) a cylinder.
B) a plane.
C) a cone.
D) a piece of paper.
E) all of the above

Question 58

Which of the following bands are NOT used by the Earth- sensing satellites mentioned in the text?

A) x- rays
B) thermal infrared
C) visible red
D) ultraviolet
E) microwaves

Question 59

On which type of aerial imagery would a football field of artificial grass be discernible from natural grass?

A) color infrared photography
B) color photography
C) black and white photography
D) radar imagery
E) microwave imagery

Question 60

If one wished to produce a map which focused on the continents and showed little of the world's oceans, then she/he should use a(n) projection.

A) equal area
B) azimuthal
C) interrupted
D) large scale
E) conical

Question 61

A GIS is a library of information based on

A) satellites.
B) maps
C) many land survey records stored on microfilm.
D) stereoscopic image viewing.
E) manual cartography.

Question 62

The type of remote sensing which penetrates clouds at night for accurate terrain representation is .

A) thermal infrared
B) Landsat
C) passive microwave
D) sonar
E) radar

Question 63

The most famous and, undoubtedly, most widely used of all the map projections is the projection.

A) Mollweide
B) gnomonic
C) Mercator
D) sinusoidal
E) polyconic

Question 64

Of the following, which is NOT considered a map essential?

A) scale
B) legend
C) title
D) date
E) color

Question 65

By far, the greatest use of IR scanning systems has been

A) to penetrate clouds.
B) onboard meteorological satellites.
C) in surface weather thermometer shelters.
D) to sense underwater features.
E) in making orthophoto quadrangles.

Question 66

Which of the following is considered a "perfect" map projection in terms of the amount of distortion associated with it?

A) cylindrical
B) Mercator
C) conic
D) equivalent
E) none of the above

Question 67

On large scale maps, equivalence and conformity can be

A) simultaneously approximated for small areas.
B) considered to be the same map property.
C) simultaneously present.
D) disregarded if the map is of high latitudes.
E) any of the above

Question 68

The main purpose of the interruption of projections is _ .

A) to show the continents in an equal area rendition
B) to save ink during printing
C) to make maps compatible with air photos
D) to provide a stereoscopic view
E) to improve portrayal of the oceans

Question 69

The U.S. version of GPS is dependent on triangulation using a network of satellites

A) 108
B) 2
C) 24
D) 3
E) 5

Question 70

To construct an isoline on a map it is necessary to

A) first draw the line on a globe.
B) note the magnetic declination.
C) make the map both equivalent and conformal.
D) interpolate between points of known value.
E) color it purple.

Question 71

In film photography, the photographic film is sensitive to wavelengths longer than visible light.

A) passive microwave
B) Landsat
C) panchromatic
D) true color
E) color infrared

Question 72

Which of the following is TRUE concerning GPS technology?

A) It appears useful but receivers are very expensive.
B) The technology is freely available to the public.
C) The GPS satellites are owned by a private corporation.
D) The GPS technology allows "perfect" maps to be drawn.
E) It usually cannot pinpoint locations with an accuracy greater than 1 km.

Question 73

Most of the maps in the text are drawn on projections for an optimal portrayal of worldwide distributions.

A) conformal
B) azimuthal
C) conic
D) gnomonic
E) equivalent

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT associated with Landsat images?

A) the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum
B) thematic mapper
C) millions of pieces of data (pixels) per image
D) multispectral scanning system
E) several satellites over many years

Question 75

The "false color" imagery of some aerial photographs is also termed .

A) radar
B) microwave
C) sonar
D) color IR
E) Landsat

Question 76

Aside from normal photographic film, _ film has proven very valuable for interpretation of Earth resources from airborne cameras.

A) X- ray
B) ultraviolet
C) gamma ray
D) thermal infrared
E) color infrared

Question 77

The characteristic of projections which portray accurate sizes but distort the shapes of land masses is called .

A) equivalence
B) polyconic
C) conformality
D) sinusoidal
E) azimuthality

Question 78

Which of the following is an advantage of radar over all other remote sensing techniques?

A) It can operate at wavelengths shorter than 1 micrometer.
B) It can operate in clear weather.
C) It can operate at night.
D) It can operate without using an electrical source.
E) It can operate at high altitude.

Question 79

"Scale" relates _ to _ .

A) map distance, map distance
B) Earth distance, map distortion
C) map distance, Earth distance
D) Earth distance, Earth distance
E) map distortion, map distance

Question 80

On color infrared photography, living green vegetation would appear

A) violet.
B) orange.
C) green.
D) red.
E) blue.