Deck 2: Management History

Question 1

Frederick Taylor is most associated with the principles of scientific management.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

"Employee motivation" is the phrase most associated with scientific management.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

An organization that has a division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Geert Hofstede is associated with the scientific management approach.

Question 5

Henri Fayol was among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions.

Question 6

The division of labor is also referred to by the term job specification.

Question 7

Frank Gilbreth's best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker for a particular job.

Question 8

The quantitative approach to management has also been labeled process research.

Question 9

General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.

Question 10

Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle.

Question 11

According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept.

Question 12

The Industrial Revolution began in the nineteenth century.

Question 13

Principles of Scientific Management was written by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Question 14

Weber's bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management.

Question 15

Henri Fayol identified five functions of managers: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.

Question 16

In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power.

Question 17

The 14 principles of management are associated with Fayol.

Question 18

Gilbreth is best known for "the one best way."

Question 19

The primary issue that motivated Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker satisfaction.

Question 20

Linear programming is a technique that managers use to improve resource allocation decisions.

Question 21

The most important contribution to the field of organizational behavior came from studies conducted by the University of Michigan.

Question 22

The "post-prophetic" stage in Arab culture witnessed a slow but steady growth of commercial and administrative activities.

Question 23

Follett is the scientist who is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies.

Question 24

Barnard, Follett, Munsterberg, and Owen are all theorists associated with the early organizational behavior approach.

Question 25

According to the textbook, there is no widely accepted Arab theory of management.

Question 26

Before the advent of Islam, the early Arabs had complicated administrative structures.

Question 27

Hugo Munsterberg created the field of social psychology.

Question 28

Mary Parker Follett was the first advocate of the human resources approach to management.

Question 29

Arab managerial practices can be understood solely in light of religious factors.

Question 30

According to the textbook, total quality management is a philosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations.

Question 31

The introduction of "craft associations" or "brotherhoods" in to Arab culture, came during the British and French colonization in the twentieth century.

Question 32

Islamic managerial perspectives have long emphasized mass production irrespective of the quality of the end product.

Question 33

During Arab history, "brotherhoods" or "fraternities," regulated the various crafts and established rules of practice.

Question 34

Chester Bernard was the first to argue that organizations are open systems.

Question 35

Islamic managerial perspectives emphasize the responsibility of employees toward their employer, but not the other way around.

Question 36

The presence of various religious and racial groups in the Arab world is really irrelevant to modern Arab managerial thinking.

Question 37

The focus on employee productivity is most closely associated with the organizational behavior approach.

Question 38

In the context of Islamic managerial perspectives, "Amana" refers to the responsibility of employees toward their employers.

Question 39

The Hawthorne Studies were performed at the General Motors plant beginning in 1924.

Question 40

Prompt payment of wages is not part of Islamic managerial perspectives.

Question 41

Probably the best-known example of Taylor's scientific management was the ________ experiment.

A) blue collar
B) fish tank
C) pig iron
D) horseshoe

Question 42

Frederick Taylor advocated which of the following management principles?

A) Work and responsibility should be divided almost equally between managers and workers.
B) Workers can be highly productive even if they are randomly selected for a job.
C) Workers should perform all work, while management should maintain responsibility for the work performed.
D) Managers should perform more work that workers, because managers are generally more skilled.

Question 43

General administrative theorists devoted their efforts to ________.

A) developing mathematical models to improve management
B) making the overall organization more effective
C) improving the productivity and efficiency of workers
D) emphasizing the study of human behavior in organizations

Question 44

Frederick Taylor performed most of his work in ________.

A) cotton gins in Alabama
B) auto assembly plants near Detroit
C) steel companies in Pennsylvania
D) grape vineyards in California

Question 45

Which of the following was a major result of the Industrial Revolution?

A) water power
B) factory manufacturing
C) cottage industry
D) critical thinking

Question 46

The quantitative approach to management has also been referred to by which of the following names?

A) sales optimization
B) managerial theory
C) management science
D) statistical reformulation

Question 47

Which of the following phrases is most associated with scientific management?

A) management relations
B) supply and demand
C) quality control
D) one best way

Question 48

Bureaucracy is defined as a form of organization characterized by ________.

A) detailed rules and regulations
B) clearly defined hierarchy
C) division of labor
D) all of the above

Question 49

Fayol was interested in studying ________, whereas Taylor was interested in studying ________.

A) senior managers; effective managers
B) bureaucratic structures; chains of command
C) all managers; first-line managers
D) administrative theory; macroeconomics

Question 50

Frederick Taylor advocated which of the following management principles?

A) Workers should perform all work, while management should maintain responsibility for the work performed.
B) Managers should perform more work that workers, because managers are generally more skilled.
C) Workers can be highly productive even if they are randomly selected for a job.
D) Work and responsibility should be divided almost equally between managers and workers.

Question 51

General administrative theory focuses on ________.

A) managers and administrators
B) primarily the accounting function
C) the entire organization
D) the measurement of organizational design relationships

Question 52

According to Weber's ideal bureaucracy, ________ occurs when employees are placed in jobs based on technical qualifications.

A) career orientation
B) authority hierarchy
C) formal selection
D) impersonality

Question 53

Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested which of the following pay principles?

A) seniority pay
B) monthly salary with bonus
C) monthly salary
D) incentive pay

Question 54

An example of early uses of the functions of management is the ________.

A) Artist's Revolution in 1803
B) development of gunpowder
C) War of 1812
D) arsenal of Venice where ships were built

Question 55

In the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith described the breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks and called this ________.

A) greatest common factor of work
B) work denomination
C) division of labor
D) assembly lines

Question 56

Which of the following is not a reason why the division of labor enhances productivity?

A) It increases worker skill and dexterity.
B) It saves time lost in changing tasks.
C) It requires strict management control over worker time and motion.
D) It encourages labor-saving inventions.

Question 57

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were the first researchers to utilize motion pictures to the study of ________.

A) groups of workers in tense situations where they are assigning each other tasks
B) reactions of workers in group settings
C) workers reactions to pay increases
D) hand-and-body motions

Question 58

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's work began in the area of ________.

A) laying bricks
B) installing rudimentary electrical wiring
C) assembly lines
D) cutting lumber

Question 59

The primary issue that motivated Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was ________.

A) worker effectiveness
B) worker efficiency
C) worker absenteeism and turnover
D) workplace safety

Question 60

Which of the following is not one of Fayol's principles of management?

A) division of work
B) unity of command
C) equality
D) discipline

Question 61

Which of the following is most closely associated with the organizational behavior approach to management?

A) interdependent systems
B) concern for employee motivation
C) scientific methodology
D) bureaucracy

Question 62

Decisions on determining a company's optimum inventory levels have been significantly influenced by ________.

A) economic order quantity modeling
B) regression analysis
C) work scheduling
D) linear programming

Question 63

Quality management is driven by a focus on ________.

A) continual improvement
B) workplace spirituality
C) knowledge management
D) workplace diversity

Question 64

A company that sees its employees as the driving force behind the organization probably follows which managerial approach?

A) quantitative analysis
B) workplace diversity
C) organizational behavior
D) total quality management

Question 65

Which of the following would not be associated with the quantitative approach to management?

A) information models
B) linear programming
C) systematic motivation of individuals
D) critical-path scheduling

Question 66

________ and ________ were two of the pioneers in the area of total quality management.

A) Fayol; Weber
B) Deming; Juran
C) Owen; Munsterberg
D) Taylor; Gilbreth

Question 67

Which of the following was a major contribution of Hugo Munsterberg?

A) He was interested in individual and group behavior.
B) He was a social reformer.
C) He viewed organizations as social systems requiring human cooperation.
D) He created the field of industrial psychology.

Question 68

Which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior created the field of industrial psychology, the scientific study of people at work?

A) Hugo Munsterberg
B) Chester Barnard
C) Robert Owens
D) Mary Parker Follett

Question 69

Each of the following represents a drawback to the quantitative approach except ________.

A) managers cannot relate easily to quantitative models
B) quantitative problems are more widespread than behavioral problems
C) managers tend to be intimidated by quantitative tools
D) managers are unfamiliar with quantitative tools

Question 70

Which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior was the first to argue that organizations were open systems?

A) Robert Owens
B) Hugo Munsterberg
C) Chester Barnard
D) Mary Parker Follett

Question 71

Which four theorists are associated with the early organizational behavior approach?

A) Barnard, Follett, Munsterberg, and Owen
B) Taylor, Fayol, Weber, and Barnard
C) Follett, Barnard, Munsterberg, and Weber
D) Munsterberg, Taylor, Fayol, and Follett

Question 72

TQM differs from earlier management theories because ________.

A) high quality and low costs are both seen as important to productivity
B) reworked production items are handled by special teams assigned to this task
C) employee layoffs are considered acceptable provided that morale remains stable
D) low costs are viewed as the only road to increased productivity

Question 73

According to the textbook, which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior was concerned about deplorable working conditions?

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Chester Barnard
C) Robert Owens
D) Hugo Munsterberg

Question 74

Quantitative techniques have become less intimidating with the advent of ________.

A) training of these techniques in college
B) sophisticated computer software
C) managers with better mathematical skills
D) digital image processing

Question 75

________ was one of the first to recognize that organizations could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behavior.

A) Robert Owens
B) Hugo Munsterberg
C) Chester Barnard
D) Mary Parker Follett

Question 76

All of the following are characteristics of total quality management except ________.

A) intense focus on the competition
B) accurate measurement
C) improvement in the quality of everything the organization does
D) empowerment of employees
E) concern for continual improvement

Question 77

The quantitative approach involves applications of ________.

A) surveys, strategic planning, and group problem solving
B) psychology testing, focus groups, and mathematics
C) statistics, information models, and computer simulations
D) optimization models, interviews, and questionnaires

Question 78

________ is a technique that managers use to improve resource allocation decisions.

A) Economic order quantity modeling
B) Work scheduling
C) Regression analysis
D) Linear programming

Question 79

________ is the generic term used to describe the quality revolution that swept through both the business and public sectors during the 1980s and 1990s.

A) Partial quality management
B) Hyper quality management
C) Ethno quality management
D) Total quality management

Question 80

The quantitative approach evolved from the development of mathematical and statistical solutions to ________.

A) production management problems in the 1950s
B) waiting line problems at fast-food restaurants in the 1960s
C) military problems in World War II
D) clogged telephone circuits during the 1930s