Deck 1: Introduction to Nutrition for Health, Fitness, and Sports Performance

Question 1

Which of the following would be considered a component of health-related fitness?

A) Flexibility
B) Speed
C) Power
D) Skill

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The use of hypnosis to improve performance is an example of which classification of ergogenic aid?

A) Mechanical
B) Psychological
C) Physiological
D) Pharmacological

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the Prudent Healthy Diet, you should

A) balance the food you eat with physical activity.
B) obtain much of your daily protein from animal sources.
C) reduce the amount of fluoride you consume.
D) not be concerned about food additives.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is true of experimental research?

A) The results of a single study are sufficient to prove a theory
B) It is essential to establishing a cause and effect relationship
C) It is an easy task to control risk factors in free-living humans
D) It involves studying large populations to find relationships between two or more variables

Question 5

Dietary supplements may contain

A) essential vitamins and minerals.
B) herbal products such as gingko.
C) various amino acids.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is NOT correct dealing with the topic of quackery in health and sports?

A) The term quackery refers to the fake practitioner, as well as the worthless product
B) It has been estimated that 5 billion dollars a year are spent on questionable health practices in the United States alone
C) Coaches may suggest to their athletes that certain food supplements are essential to success
D)Many questionable products are advertised by currently popular personalities and are expensive
When compared to equivalent nutrients obtained from ordinary food

Question 7

The most prevalent ergogenic aids used to increase sport performance are those classified as

A) physiological.
B) nutritional.
C) pharmacological.
D) mechanical.

Question 8

Success in sport is based primarily upon superior athletic ability, which in turn depends mostly on which of these two major factors?

A) Mechanical and psychological coaching and training
B) Biomechanical and physiological characteristics
C) Natural genetic endowment and state of training
D) Psychological and physiological genetic characteristics

Question 9

Chromium and boron supplements would be an example of which major classification of nutritional supplement?

A) Vitamin
B) Protein
C) Carbohydrate
D) Mineral

Question 10

What percent of the American adult population actually engages in the recommended levels of physical activity?

A) 15
B) 28
C) 42
D) 58

Question 11

Malnutrition may exist

A) when an individual does not receive an adequate intake of nutrients.
B) when an individual consumes excessive amounts of single or multiple nutrients.
C) to such an extent that insufficient energy may impair athletic performance.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following risk factors associated with coronary heart disease is classified as a major risk factor?

A) Smoking and sedentary lifestyle
B) Gender and stressful lifestyle
C) Dietary intake and race
D) Gender and age

Question 13

Nutrients perform three major functions in the human body. Among these is

A) providing energy, with protein being the prime source.
B) regulating body processes with fat being the prime contributor.
C) building and repairing body tissues with vitamins and minerals being the prime source.
D) building and repairing body tissues with protein being the prime source.

Question 14

If a nutritional consultant is sought for guidance, that individual should

A) have personal expertise with the erogenic aid advertised.
B) have a PhD.
C) be a registered dietician or clinical nutritionist.
D) be a published author in a national journal or magazine.

Question 15

How many average minutes per day of moderate exercise is recommended?

A) 15
B) 20
C) 30
D) 45

Question 16

The leading cause of death in the United States is

A) infectious diseases.
B) cancer.
C) stroke.
D) diseases of the heart.

Question 17

According to research, which of the following athletic groups appear to be obtaining adequate nutrition?

A) Gymnasts
B) Runners
C) Ballet dancers
D) Football players

Question 18

Which of the following is true of ergogenic aids?

A) They may only be classified as mechanical or nutritional
B) There are a number of theoretical nutritional aids, but they are limited to the vitamin and mineral supplements
C) Supplementation is necessary for most athletes to improve their performance
D) All essential nutrients are considered to be legal for use in conjunction with athletic competition

Question 19

Which of the following factors does NOT support the concept that sports nutrition is becoming increasingly important for optimal athletic performance?

A) The published literature about nutrition for sports is limited to information from sports magazines and books
B) An organization known as SCAN was created due to concern about sports nutrition
C) National and international food product corporations are manufacturing food products specifically for the athlete
D) Courses in sports nutrition have been developed at many colleges

Question 20

The nutrients that are primarily responsible for helping to regulate bodily processes are

A) carbohydrates and fat.
B) vitamins, minerals, and protein.
C) carbohydrate, fat, and minerals.
D) fat, protein, and carbohydrates.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of physical activity?

A) reduced levels of depression and anxiety
B) improved control of body weight and body fatness
C) reduced risk of developing diabetes
D) prevention of skin cancer
E) reduced risk of osteoporosis, or frail bones

Question 22

Based on recent recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association relative to exercise and health benefits for adults, which of the following statements is false?

A) Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise should be done for a minimum of 30 minutes daily on 5 days each week
B) Vigorous-intensity exercise may be done for a minimum of 20 minutes on 3 days each week
C) Each daily exercise bout of aerobic exercise may be done continuously or in smaller segments, such as three 10-minute bouts
D)In general, more is better as exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of exercise may provide additional health benefits
E)Resistance exercise, including exercises for the major muscle groups in the body, is recommended at least 5, and preferably 7 days per week

Question 23

Which of the following is the key principle underlying the adaptations to exercise that may provide a wide array of health benefits, and incorporates the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise?

A) Overload
B) Progression
C) Reversibility
D) Overuse
E) Specificity

Question 24

Poor eating habits is a problem that is limited to children and young adults.

Question 25

Physical activity must be strenuous to achieve any significant health benefits.

Question 26

Which of the following groups of athletes may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency due to inadequate or sporadic caloric intake?

A) gymnasts and ballet dancers
B) endurance athletes attempting to improve efficiency through weight loss
C) wrestlers attempting to make a low weight class
D) bodybuilders trying to attain a low body fat percentage
E) all of these groups may be susceptible to a nutrient deficiency

Question 27

Although exercise may confer many health benefits, excessive exercise may actually impair health. Which of the following in a potential health problem associated with excessive exercise?

A) Orthopedic problems.
B) Impaired immune functions.
C) Heat illness and kidney failure.
D) Heart attack.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 28

An ergogenic aid is something that is

A) added to a food to increase its nutrient value.
B) designed to increase potential for work output, such as in sport.
C) used to restore nutrients removed in processing.
D) a legal term used by the FDA to designate nutritional supplements that may enhance health status.
E) a device used to facilitate the measurement of energy in a food.

Question 29

According to studies, female athletes are more likely than males to incur inadequate nutrient
intake.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a health-related fitness component?

A) Body composition
B) Cardiovascular fitness
C) Speed
D) Flexibility
E) Muscular strength

Question 31

According to the recent American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand on physical activity and weight loss, how many minutes of exercise per week has been associated with clinically significant weight loss.

A) 30
B) 60
C) 100
D) 150
E) More than 250

Question 32

According the recent report, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, which of the following is not representative of what Americans of all ages consume?

A) Eat too few vegetables
B) Eat too few fruits
C) Eat too few high-fiber whole grains
D) Eat too little sodium
E) Eat too much SoFAS (solid fats and added sugars)

Question 33

According to the Healthy People 2020 report from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, what percentage of adults in the United States do not meet the guidelines for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 60
E) 80

Question 34

Which basic principle of exercise training is associated with the concept that cardiovascular- respiratory training will enhance adaptations primarily in the heart whereas resistance training will enhance adaptations primarily in the skeletal muscles?

A) Overuse
B) Overload
C) Specificity
D) Progression
E) Reversibility

Question 35

Sound nutritional research involving exercise performance is best performed using placebo controls, crossover designs, and double-blinded use of nutritional ergogenics. In which of the following publications would you be LEAST likely to find such a study?

A) International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
B) Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
C) Journal of the American Dietetics Association
D) Runner's World
E) Journal of Applied Physiology

Question 36

In the concept of Food is Medicine, which of the following is not one of the proposed effects of various nutrients and appropriate energy intake that may help promote good health?

A) Decrease insulin sensitivity
B) Reduce blood pressure
C) Reduce inflammation
D) Enhance immune system functions
E) Prevent damaging oxidative processes

Question 37

Exercise training is second only to proper nutrition when one considers a means to enhance physical fitness.

Question 38

Exercise can be used to help prevent and even treat many chronic diseases.

Question 39

Genetic endowment sets the limits for sport performance in any given individual, but training
programs have become more intense and individualized, and significant performance gains may occur in most individuals who undertake such training.

Question 40

Studies reveal that athletes are knowledgeable about nutrition and, in general, they are consuming
more than the RDA for all nutrients.

Question 41

Leisure walking may be adequate physical activity for elderly individuals with compromised health
status or very low fitness levels.

Question 42

The key to sound nutrition for the athletic individual is to eat a wide variety of healthful foods.

Question 43

Epidemiological research involves studying large populations to find a cause and effect relationship
between two or more variables.

Question 44

Thirty minutes of walking accumulated throughout the day is not as beneficial as one uninterrupted walking session for achieving health benefits.

Question 45

Epidemiological research may provide a relative risk (RR), which represents the increase or decrease
in risk that may be associated with specific dietary practices.

Question 46

A risk factor is a health behavior associated with a particular disease.

Question 47

In essence, there is no published information that could be called the Healthy Diet.

Question 48

Certain nutrients in the foods we eat are believed to be promoters of a variety of chronic diseases.

Question 49

Americans are making significant progress toward meeting the physical activity objectives established
in Healthy People 2010.

Question 50

Physical inactivity may be dangerous to your health. Exercise, as a form of physical activity, is becoming increasingly important as a means to achieve health benefits, and even treat many chronic diseases.

Question 51

In general, most nutrition scientists recommend that the nutrients we need should be obtained from
natural, wholesome foods, and the routine use of dietary supplements is not recommended for most individuals.

Question 52

Unstructured physical activity includes many of the usual activities of daily life and does not provide
any protection against the development of certain chronic diseases.

Question 53

Moderate amounts of daily physical activity will benefit only middle age and older adults.

Question 54

Health-related fitness includes a healthy body weight, cardiovascular-respiratory fitness, adequate
muscular strength and muscular endurance, and sufficient flexibility.

Question 55

The joint report of the American Heart Association and the American College of Sports Medicine
indicates that although there are some health benefits from moderate intensity exercise, the report also recommends vigorous exercise several times weekly may confer some additional benefits.

Question 56

More than 90 percent of American youth obtain an hour or more of vigorous physical activity
daily.

Question 57

Sports performance is primarily determined by genetic characteristics and state of training, but
nutritional strategies may be used to enhance performance in certain sports.

Question 58

Exercise programs, especially for older adults, should be individualized based on physical fitness level
and health status.

Question 59

The National Cancer Institute estimates that less than 20 percent of all cancers are linked in some way
to diet.

Question 60

Epidemiological research helps scientists identify important relationships between diet and health.

Question 61

Untrue or misleading claims deliberately or fraudulently made for any nutritional product, constitutes quackery.

Question 62

Although rather rare, exercise may cause sudden death in some susceptible individuals, such as
individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Question 63

According to some health scientists, all diseases have a genetic predisposition.

Question 64

Epidemiologists conducting a study in a rural village in Italy have calculated a relative risk of 0.5 for developing heart disease by consuming olive daily. This indicates

A) Olive oil consumption increases heart disease risk by 50%.
B) 50% of the population in this village has diabetes and osteoporosis.
C) Half of the population in this village suffers from heart diseases.
D) Olive oil consumption may cut heart disease risk by half.

Question 65

Epidemiological research uses either retrospective or prospective techniques to identify relationships between nutritional practices and health but do not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 66

The CDC notes that although chronic diseases are among the most common and costly health
problems, they are also among the most preventable by adopting a healthy lifestyle.

Question 67

A) Epigenetics
B) Risk factor
C) Epigenome
D) Genetics

Question 68

As she is training for the upcoming New York marathon, Barbara started running 4 miles daily and after 6 months, she is running 25 miles daily. This is an example of which of the following principles

A) Specificity
B) Individuality
C) Progression
D) Recuperation

Question 69

The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that chronic diseases are now the major cause of
death and disability worldwide.

Question 70

The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association note that
participation in regular physical activity improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay type
1 diabetes.

Question 71

Barbara is planning to participate in the Boulder marathon next year. Since last month, she has been following a healthy diet and exercising daily for 4 hours. This constitutes an example of a structured physical activity.

Question 72

A set of abilities individuals possess to perform specific types of physical activity is called

A) Epigenomic ability
B) Physical fitness
C) Endurance
D) Lifestyle enhancement

Question 73

Heat shock proteins are produced by muscle cells during exercise and may have beneficial health effects.