Deck 21: Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Question 1

Which of the following types of bacterial toxins is associated exclusively with Gram- negative bacteria?

A) endotoxin
B) neurotoxin
C) cytotoxin
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) Both B and C are correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Serum contains all of the following EXCEPT:

A) dissolved nutrients.
B) clotting proteins.
C) gases.
D) platelets.
E) Serum contains all of these.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following vessels carries blood from the heart to most of the body?

A) the aorta
B) the pulmonary arteries
C) the superior vena cava
D) capillaries
E) the inferior vena cava

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is associated with Yersinia pestis infections?

A) arthritis
B) a "bull's- eye" rash
C) buboes
D) jaundice
E) petechiae

Question 5

"Black vomit" is associated with which of the following diseases?

A) malaria
B) yellow fever
C) Chagas' disease
D) dengue fever
E) schistosomiasis

Question 6

Vegetations are associated with which of the following disease processes?

A) septicemia
B) endocarditis
C) plague
D) toxoplasmosis
E) tularemia

Question 7

All of the following are true statements concerning septicemia EXCEPT:

A) Septicemia can be fatal in some cases.
B) Bacteria that cause septicemia usually have virulence factors such as capsules.
C) Healthy individuals with normal immune systems rarely have septicemia.
D) The exact bacterial cause of most cases of septicemia is unknown.
E) Both Gram- positive and Gram- negative bacteria are equally likely to cause septicemia.

Question 8

Blood is found in which of the following areas of the heart just before it is pumped into the lungs?

A) the right atrium
B) the superior vena cava
C) the left atrium
D) the left ventricle
E) the right ventricle

Question 9

All of the following are other names for brucellosis EXCEPT:

A) Malta fever.
B) rock fever of Gibraltar.
C) undulant fever.
D) Bang's disease.
E) blackwater fever.

Question 10

Epstein- Barr virus infections are typically asymptomatic in which of the following groups?

A) young children
B) adults
C) AIDS patients
D) adolescents
E) the elderly

Question 11

The causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague is

A) Francisella tularensis.
B) Yersinia pestis.
C) Toxoplasma gondii.
D) Clostridium perfringens.
E) Borrelia burgdorferi.

Question 12

Borrelia burgdorferi is an unusual bacterium because

A) transovarian transmission of the pathogen is rare.
B) it is a large spirochete.
C) it has manganese- containing enzymes and proteins.
D) it requires up to 48 hours for transmission from its tick host to a human.
E) it can trigger arthritis in infected individuals.

Question 13

A bull's- eye rash is associated with infections of which of the following?

A) Epstein- Barr virus
B) Francisella tularensis
C) dengue virus
D) Yersinia pestis
E) Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 14

Endotoxin is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A) stimulation of cytokine release from immune cells.
B) blood clotting.
C) inflammation.
D) undulating fever.
E) activation of complement.

Question 15

Which of the following diseases associated with Epstein- Barr virus is most commonly seen in AIDS patients?

A) Burkitt's lymphoma
B) Hodgkin's lymphoma
C) oral hairy leukoplakia
D) chronic fatigue syndrome
E) infectious mononucleosis

Question 16

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complication of which of the following?

A) malaria
B) brucellosis
C) endocarditis
D) Lyme disease
E) septicemia

Question 17

All of the following individuals might be at increased risk for brucellosis infection EXCEPT:

A) dairy workers.
B) veterinarians.
C) hunters.
D) ranchers.
E) All of these have an increased risk of brucellosis.

Question 18

Francisella can be transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) direct contact with an infected animal.
B) a tick bite.
C) direct contact with an infected person.
D) consumption of infected meat.
E) aerosols produced during animal slaughter.

Question 19

All of the following are examples of Gram- negative nosocomial bacteria that cause septicemia EXCEPT:

A) Bacteroides.
B) Escherichia coli.
C) Neisseria meningitidis.
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
E) Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning Francisella is false?

A) It resists phagocytosis.
B) An attenuated vaccine is used for high- risk individuals.
C) Humans are its only known host.
D) It is extremely infectious.
E) It cannot be treated with penicillins or cephalosporins.

Question 21

"Swimmer's itch" is an initial symptom of which of the following?

A) malaria
B) Lyme disease
C) Chagas' disease
D) schistosomiasis
E) tularemia

Question 22

Schizogony is an important aspect of which of the following diseases?

A) malaria
B) plague
C) schistosomiasis
D) Chagas' disease
E) toxoplasmosis

Question 23

Lipid A causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Question 24

Which of the following is known to be teratogenic?

A) cytomegalovirus
B) dengue virus
C) Plasmodium
D) Borrelia
E) Epstein- Barr virus

Question 25

Small doses of antimicrobial drugs are effective in treatment of the late stages of Borrelia infection because the microbe is extremely susceptible.

Question 26

Historically, physicians have used a procedure called xenodiagnosis to diagnose which of the following diseases?

A) malaria
B) Chagas' disease
C) schistosomiasis
D) yellow fever
E) toxoplasmosis

Question 27

All of the following are true statements concerning Toxoplasma infection EXCEPT:

A) It is a rare infection.
B) The majority of infected people are asymptomatic.
C) It is typically contracted by eating undercooked meat.
D) It causes severe problems when it infects a fetus.
E) In healthy individuals, the infection is self- limiting and results in no permanent damage.

Question 28

Which of the following is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes?

A) yellow fever
B) dengue fever
C) malaria
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following diseases is a major problem for AIDS patients?

A) Chagas' disease
B) Lyme disease
C) toxoplasmosis
D) brucellosis
E) hemorrhagic fevers

Question 30

Which of the following is the infective form of T. Cruzi?

A) trypomastigotes
B) miricidia
C) epimastigotes
D) amastigotes
E) pseudocysts

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT transmitted by ticks?

A) anaplasmosis
B) Lyme disease
C) ehrlichiosis
D) brucellosis
E) tularemia

Question 32

Only adult ticks of the genus Ixodes may feed on humans.

Question 33

Infection with which of the following species of Plasmodium is usually fatal?

A) P. vivax
B) P. malariae
C) P. falciparum
D) P. ovale
E) All of these can cause a fatal infection.

Question 34

The terms "bacteremia" and "septicemia" are synonymous.

Question 35

Microscopic identification of its spiny eggs is used in the diagnosis of infections caused by

A) Toxoplasma.
B) Plasmodium.
C) Trypanosoma.
D) Schistosoma.
E) Borrelia.

Question 36

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually

A) an antibody- antigen complex reaction.
B) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with dengue virus.
C) the chronic carrier state associated with dengue virus infection.
D) an autoimmune disease.
E) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with dengue virus.

Question 37

Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted by which of the following routes?

A) from an infected mother to her unborn child
B) the bite of a bug in the genus Triatoma
C) an open cut, the eyes, or the mouth
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 38

Patients with occult septicemia are asymptomatic.

Question 39

Which of the following causes a more serious disease the second time a patient is infected with the same strain of the pathogen?

A) dengue virus
B) yellow fever virus
C) Plasmodium
D) Epstein- Barr virus
E) Toxoplasma

Question 40

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by which of the following virus types?

A) rhabdoviruses
B) herpesviruses
C) Epstein- Barr viruses
D) flaviviruses
E) filoviruses

Question 41

Epstein- Barr virus causes the cells it infects to become immortal because it suppresses .

Question 42

When bacteria in the bloodstream invade the bones, this leads to a painful condition called .

Question 43

is also known as undulant fever.

Question 44

True bugs in the genus transmit Chagas' disease.

Question 45

Human herpesvirus 4 is better known as cytomegalovirus.

Question 46

The three developmental stages of Ehrlichia are the elementary body, the initial body, and the morula.

Question 47

The sporogonic cycle of _ takes place entirely within a mosquito.

Question 48

Neither bubonic nor pneumonic plague can be spread from person to person.

Question 49

Depletion of clotting proteins from the serum leads to the uncontrollable hemorrhaging seen in and Marburg virus infections.

Question 50

Another name for Chagas' disease is _ _.

Question 51

Because of their small size, of the tick genus Ixodes most often transmit Lyme disease.

Question 52

One of the factors leading to the initial characterization of Lyme disease in 1975 was the greater- than- expected incidence of among children.

Question 53

Historically, occurred in three great pandemics; the most notable one occurred in 14th- century Europe.

Question 54

The genus

Question 55

Episodes of malaria become more and more severe with each recurrence of symptoms.

Question 56

Cytomegalovirus infection of the retina is now treated with , the first antisense RNA drug.

Question 57

The release of bacterial toxins into the blood leads to , or blood poisoning.

Question 58

Bacterial infection of the membrane lining the heart chambers and valves is called .

Question 59

Transmission of Epstein- Barr virus is almost impossible to prevent because the virus is so widespread.

Question 60

is named for the jaundice caused by liver damage from the disease.

Question 61

Compare and contrast bubonic and pneumonic plague.

Question 62

How does the age of the infected individual play a role in the development of Epstein- Barr virus infections such as infectious mononucleosis?

Question 63

Explain the difference between bacteremia and septicemia, and describe some of the factors that can lead to septicemia.

Question 64

List and describe the three stages of malaria, paying attention to the various forms of the malaria parasite present in each stage of the disease.

Question 65

Describe the various ways in which toxoplasmosis can be transmitted.