Deck 4: Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

To construct a frequency distribution for categorical data, the

A) observations that appear in each category must be summed up.
B) number of observations that appear in each category must be counted.
C) observations in each category must be multiplied by observations in the corresponding category.
D) number of observations in each category must be divided by the total number of observations in all categories.

Answer 1

number of observations that appear in each category must be counted.

Question 2

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Employee Payroll Database of HFR Informatics Inc. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Employee } & \text { Ethnic Group } & \text { Gender } & \text { Rank / Grade } & \text { Pay Scale } \\\hline \text { Maria } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 3 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Peter } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { George } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Male } & 1 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Smith } & \text { Black American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{D} \\\hline \text { Johnson } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Thompson } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Martinez } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Lewis } & \text { White American } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Lee } & \text { Black American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Taylor } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Carter } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Edwards } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Bailey } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Cooper } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Bill } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Cox } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 1 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Perry } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Flores } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Woods } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Cole } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline\end{array}$

-A graphical depiction of a frequency distribution for numerical data in the form of a column chart is called a .

A) cartogram
B) correlogram
C) histogram
D) dendogram

Answer 2

histogram

Question 3

Use the data given below to answer the following question.
Following is the purchase order database of 'The Chef Says So', a restaurant in New York, over the last quarter April-June). $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 5 / 6 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 5.44 & 98 \\\hline 4 / 7 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 23.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 39 \\\hline 6 / 10 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 23.44 & 30\\\hline 6 / 22 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 6.44 & 59 \\\hline 5 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 63 \\\hline 4 / 25 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 5.44 & 78 \\\hline 6 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 2 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 5.44 & 35 \\\hline 5 / 27 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 63 \\\hline 6 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 5.44 & 32 \\\hline 5 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 84 \\\hline 6 / 18 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 38 \\\hline 5 / 9 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 128.45 & 5 \\\hline 5 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 19.44 & 19 \\\hline 6 / 6 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 12.44 & 31 \\\hline 4 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 67 \\\hline 6 / 26 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 18\\\hline 4 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 29 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 4.74 & 70 \\\hline 4 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 19.44 & 77 \\\hline 6 / 15 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 49 \\\hline 6 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 18.45 & 90 \\\hline 5 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 7 \\\hline 6 / 28 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 23.44 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrev } & 5.44 & 69\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 4 / 12 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 18 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 56 \\\hline 6 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 83 \\\hline 5 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 128.45 & 8 \\\hline 4 / 16 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 65 \\\hline 6 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 15.94 & 58 \\\hline 5 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 27.4 & 45 \\\hline 4 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 278.45 & 6 \\\hline 6 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 31 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 5.44 & 79 \\\hline 6 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 23.44 & 60 \\\hline 4 / 13 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 4.74 & 17 \\\hline 5 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 14 \\\hline 6 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 23.44 & 97 \\\hline 4 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 8.44 & 31 \\\hline\end{array}$

-What is the cumulative relative frequency of employees on a 'A to D' pay scale?

A) 1.00
B) 0.80
C) 0.30
D) 0.60

Answer 3

0.80

Question 4

Which of the following allow meaningful comparison of ranges, averages and other statistics?

A) interval data
B) categorical data
C) ratio data
D) ordinal data

Question 5

Use the data given below to answer the following question.
Following is the purchase order database of 'The Chef Says So', a restaurant in New York, over the last quarter April-June).
Construct a relative frequency distribution for items in the purchase order database and show the proportions of the frequencies visually using a pie chart.

Question 6

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Employee Payroll Database of HFR Informatics Inc. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Employee } & \text { Ethnic Group } & \text { Gender } & \text { Rank / Grade } & \text { Pay Scale } \\\hline \text { Maria } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 3 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Peter } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { George } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Male } & 1 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Smith } & \text { Black American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{D} \\\hline \text { Johnson } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Thompson } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Martinez } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Lewis } & \text { White American } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Lee } & \text { Black American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Taylor } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Carter } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Edwards } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Bailey } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Cooper } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Bill } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Cox } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 1 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Perry } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Flores } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Woods } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Cole } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline\end{array}$

-While constructing a histogram, how is group width calculated?

A) number of groups × lower limit of the last group + upper limit of the first group)
B) upper limit of the last group - lower limit of the first group) / number of groups
C) upper limit of the first group + number of groups) × lower limit of the last group + number of groups)
D) lower limit of the first group - number of groups) × upper limit of the last group

Question 7

Use the data given below to answer the following question.
Following is the purchase order database of 'The Chef Says So', a restaurant in New York, over the last quarter April-June). $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 5 / 6 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 5.44 & 98 \\\hline 4 / 7 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 23.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 39 \\\hline 6 / 10 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 23.44 & 30\\\hline 6 / 22 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 6.44 & 59 \\\hline 5 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 63 \\\hline 4 / 25 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 5.44 & 78 \\\hline 6 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 2 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 5.44 & 35 \\\hline 5 / 27 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 63 \\\hline 6 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 5.44 & 32 \\\hline 5 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 84 \\\hline 6 / 18 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 38 \\\hline 5 / 9 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 128.45 & 5 \\\hline 5 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 19.44 & 19 \\\hline 6 / 6 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 12.44 & 31 \\\hline 4 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 67 \\\hline 6 / 26 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 18\\\hline 4 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 29 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 4.74 & 70 \\\hline 4 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 19.44 & 77 \\\hline 6 / 15 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 49 \\\hline 6 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 18.45 & 90 \\\hline 5 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 7 \\\hline 6 / 28 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 23.44 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrev } & 5.44 & 69\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 4 / 12 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 18 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 56 \\\hline 6 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 83 \\\hline 5 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 128.45 & 8 \\\hline 4 / 16 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 65 \\\hline 6 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 15.94 & 58 \\\hline 5 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 27.4 & 45 \\\hline 4 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 278.45 & 6 \\\hline 6 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 31 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 5.44 & 79 \\\hline 6 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 23.44 & 60 \\\hline 4 / 13 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 4.74 & 17 \\\hline 5 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 14 \\\hline 6 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 23.44 & 97 \\\hline 4 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 8.44 & 31 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Fewer groups provide a "coarser" histogram.

Question 8

When constructing frequency distributions for numerical data, SUMIF is used to count the frequencies of each discrete value.

Question 9

Following are the components of a data set containing purchase details of a shoe manufacturing company. Identify the ratio data.

A) Item Number
B) Rank of suppliers
C) Item cost
D) Arrival Date

Question 10

Use the data given below to answer the following question.
Following is the purchase order database of 'The Chef Says So', a restaurant in New York, over the last quarter April-June). $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 5 / 6 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 5.44 & 98 \\\hline 4 / 7 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 23.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 39 \\\hline 6 / 10 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 23.44 & 30\\\hline 6 / 22 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 6.44 & 59 \\\hline 5 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 63 \\\hline 4 / 25 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 5.44 & 78 \\\hline 6 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 2 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 5.44 & 35 \\\hline 5 / 27 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 63 \\\hline 6 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 5.44 & 32 \\\hline 5 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 84 \\\hline 6 / 18 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 38 \\\hline 5 / 9 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 128.45 & 5 \\\hline 5 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 19.44 & 19 \\\hline 6 / 6 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 12.44 & 31 \\\hline 4 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 67 \\\hline 6 / 26 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 18\\\hline 4 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 29 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 4.74 & 70 \\\hline 4 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 19.44 & 77 \\\hline 6 / 15 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 49 \\\hline 6 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 18.45 & 90 \\\hline 5 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 7 \\\hline 6 / 28 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 23.44 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrev } & 5.44 & 69\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 4 / 12 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 18 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 56 \\\hline 6 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 83 \\\hline 5 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 128.45 & 8 \\\hline 4 / 16 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 65 \\\hline 6 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 15.94 & 58 \\\hline 5 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 27.4 & 45 \\\hline 4 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 278.45 & 6 \\\hline 6 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 31 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 5.44 & 79 \\\hline 6 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 23.44 & 60 \\\hline 4 / 13 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 4.74 & 17 \\\hline 5 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 14 \\\hline 6 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 23.44 & 97 \\\hline 4 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 8.44 & 31 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Not specifying a Bin Range will not allow Excel to automatically determine bin values for the frequency distribution and histogram.

Question 11

When data are classified by the type of measurement scale, which is the strongest form of measurement?

A) nominal
B) interval
C) ordinal
D) ratio

Question 12

Nominal data:

A) are ranked according to some relationship to one another.
B) have constant differences between observations.
C) are continuous and have a natural zero.
D) are sorted into categories according to specified characteristics.

Question 13

If a data set has 'c' number of observations, the relative frequency of category 'l' is computed as .

A) frequency of category 'l') / 'c'
B) 'c' × number of observations in category 'l')
C) sum of all observations in category 'l') / 'c'
D) sum of 'c' + each observation in category 'l')

Question 14

Explain statistics as defined by David Hand. What are the two ways in which Microsoft Excel supports statistical analysis?

Question 15

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Employee Payroll Database of HFR Informatics Inc. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Employee } & \text { Ethnic Group } & \text { Gender } & \text { Rank / Grade } & \text { Pay Scale } \\\hline \text { Maria } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 3 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Peter } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { George } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Male } & 1 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Smith } & \text { Black American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{D} \\\hline \text { Johnson } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Thompson } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Martinez } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Lewis } & \text { White American } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Lee } & \text { Black American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Taylor } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Carter } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Edwards } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Bailey } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Cooper } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Bill } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Cox } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 1 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Perry } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Flores } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Woods } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Cole } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline\end{array}$

-What is the relative frequency of Grade 3 employees?

A) 4
B) 0.55
C) 0.20
D) 5

Question 16

How is a frequency distribution calculated for categorical and numerical data?

Question 17

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Employee Payroll Database of HFR Informatics Inc. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Employee } & \text { Ethnic Group } & \text { Gender } & \text { Rank / Grade } & \text { Pay Scale } \\\hline \text { Maria } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 3 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Peter } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { George } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Male } & 1 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Smith } & \text { Black American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{D} \\\hline \text { Johnson } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Thompson } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Martinez } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Lewis } & \text { White American } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Lee } & \text { Black American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Taylor } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Carter } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Edwards } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Bailey } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Cooper } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 2 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Bill } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Cox } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Male } & 1 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline \text { Perry } & \text { Hispanic American } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{C} \\\hline \text { Flores } & \text { Alaska Native } & \text { Female } & 2 & \mathrm{~B} \\\hline \text { Woods } & \text { White American } & \text { Male } & 3 & \mathrm{E} \\\hline \text { Cole } & \text { Asian American } & \text { Female } & 1 & \mathrm{~A} \\\hline\end{array}$

-What is the relative frequency of Female employees?

A) 0.65
B) 0.75
C) 0.25
D) 0.35

Question 18

Measure is the act of obtaining data associated with a metric. Measurements are the numerical values associated with a metric.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a measure of continuous metrics?

A) four errors revealed in an invoice
B) a delivery delayed by seven days
C) weight and volume of a sheet of steel
D) three incomplete orders on a day

Question 20

Which of the following is a disadvantage of ordinal data?

A) They bear no relationship to one another.
B) They have no fixed units of measurement.
C) They have no natural zero.
D) They are not comparable with each other.

Question 21

Which of the following measures of location is calculated using the formula $\bar { x } = \frac { \sum x _ { i } } { n }$ , where n is the number of observations?

A) midrange
B) sample mean
C) mode
D) median

Question 22

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Cost per Order Database of Grogtes LLC. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline\text { Item Category } & \text { Item ID } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \text { N101 } & \$ 2.44 & 94 & \$ 229.36 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S101 } & \$ 20.44 & 49 & \$ 1,001.56\\\hline \text { Nuts } & N 102 & \$ 5.44 & 35 & \$ 190.40 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 26 & \$ 531.44 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 3.44 & 55 & \$ 189.20 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 59 & \$ 320.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 74 & \$ 180.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 31 & \$ 75.64 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 59 & \$ 556.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 28 & \$ 68.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 80 & \$ 1,635.20 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 34 & \$ 184.96 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 1 & \$ 125.45 \\\text { Bolts } & \text { B101 } & \$ 16.44 & 15 & \$ 246.60 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S103 } & \$ 9.44 & 27 & \$ 254.88 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD102 } & \$ 9.44 & 63 & \$ 594.72 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD101 } & \$ 20.44 & 14 & \$ 286.16 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 66 & \$ 114.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 101 & \$ 16.44 & 73 & \$ 1,200.12\\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 45 & \$ 424.80 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 104 & \$ 15.45 & 86 & \$ 1,328.70 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 3 & \$ 16.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 6 & \$ 122.64 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 49 & \$ 266.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 65 & \$ 158.60 \\\text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD103 } & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 52 & \$ 90.48 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 79 & \$ 745.76 \\\hline \text { Nailgun pack } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 4 & \$ 501.80\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Item Category } & \text { Item D } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 61 & \$ 331.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 103 & \$ 12.94 & 54 & \$ 698.76 \\\text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 104 & \$ 24.40 & 41 & \$ 1,000.40 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 102 & \$ 275.45 & 2 & \$ 550.90 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 6 & \$ 10.44 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 104 & \$ 2.44 & 75 & \$ 183.00 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 56 & \$ 1,144.64 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 13 & \$ 22.62 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 10 & \$ 54.40 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 93 & \$ 1,900.92 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S102 } & \$ 5.44 & 27 & \$ 146.88 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Which of the following observations is closest to the 87th percentile of costs per order?

A) 75 SD104 screwdrivers for $183.00
B) 66 N103 nuts for $114.84
C) 73 B101 bolts for $1,200.12
D) 49 S101 screws for $1,001.56

Question 23

Which of the following is true about cross-tabulation?

A) All subcategories together must constitute the complete data set.
B) A cross-tabulation table is often called a latent class model.
C) Each observation can be classified into many subcategories.
D) The table displays the number of categorical variables between two observations.

Question 24

The purpose of sampling is to .

A) enumerate all the values in the population
B) measure all items of interest for a particular interest or investigation
C) obtain sufficient information to draw a valid inference about a population
D) calculate all variables and observations within a population

Question 25

Which of the following is true about quartiles?

A) The 25th percentile is called the fourth quartile.
B) One-fourth of the data fall below the fourth quartile.
C) Three-fourths of the data are below the third quartile.
D) The 50th quartile is the third percentile.

Question 26

Use the table below to answer the following questions).
Below is a table showing the costs per order of items bought by a computer hardware store. $\begin{array}{|l|l|lr|}\hline \text { Supplier } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Item } \\\text { Description }\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Monitors } & \$ 250\\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Hard Disks } & \$ 220 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Power Supply } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Graphics Card } & \$ 300 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Processor } & \$ 325 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Speakers } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { Flashdrive } & \$ 9 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { Graphics Card } & \$ 299 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { CD-ROM } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Bluetooth } \\\text { Device }\end{array} & \$ 80 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Calculate the mode for the cost per order data.

A) $174.17
B) $325
C) $88
D) $206.5

Question 27

Use the table below to answer the following questions).
Below is a table showing the costs per order of items bought by a computer hardware store. $\begin{array}{|l|l|lr|}\hline \text { Supplier } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Item } \\\text { Description }\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Monitors } & \$ 250\\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Hard Disks } & \$ 220 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Power Supply } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Graphics Card } & \$ 300 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Processor } & \$ 325 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Speakers } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { Flashdrive } & \$ 9 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { Graphics Card } & \$ 299 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { CD-ROM } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Bluetooth } \\\text { Device }\end{array} & \$ 80 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Calculate the median for the cost per order data.

A) $325
B) $154
C) $174.17
D) $88

Question 28

Use the data given below to answer the following question.
Following is the purchase order database of 'The Chef Says So', a restaurant in New York, over the last quarter April-June). $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 5 / 6 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 5.44 & 98 \\\hline 4 / 7 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 23.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 39 \\\hline 6 / 10 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 23.44 & 30\\\hline 6 / 22 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 6.44 & 59 \\\hline 5 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 63 \\\hline 4 / 25 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 5.44 & 78 \\\hline 6 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 2 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 5.44 & 35 \\\hline 5 / 27 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 63 \\\hline 6 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 5.44 & 32 \\\hline 5 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 84 \\\hline 6 / 18 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 38 \\\hline 5 / 9 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 128.45 & 5 \\\hline 5 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 19.44 & 19 \\\hline 6 / 6 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 12.44 & 31 \\\hline 4 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 67 \\\hline 6 / 26 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 18\\\hline 4 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 29 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 4.74 & 70 \\\hline 4 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 19.44 & 77 \\\hline 6 / 15 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 49 \\\hline 6 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 18.45 & 90 \\\hline 5 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 7 \\\hline 6 / 28 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 23.44 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrev } & 5.44 & 69\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 4 / 12 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 18 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 56 \\\hline 6 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 83 \\\hline 5 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 128.45 & 8 \\\hline 4 / 16 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 65 \\\hline 6 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 15.94 & 58 \\\hline 5 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 27.4 & 45 \\\hline 4 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 278.45 & 6 \\\hline 6 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 31 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 5.44 & 79 \\\hline 6 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 23.44 & 60 \\\hline 4 / 13 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 4.74 & 17 \\\hline 5 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 14 \\\hline 6 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 23.44 & 97 \\\hline 4 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 8.44 & 31 \\\hline\end{array}$

-The Excel 2010 function computes the kth percentile of data in the range specified in the array field, where k is in the range 0 to 1, inclusive.

A) PERCENTILE.INCarray, k)
B) PERCENTILEarray + k)
C) PERCENTILE.IFarray, k)
D) PERCENTILESUMarray), k)

Question 29

One of the measures of location is calculated as 88. Which of the following measures of location corresponds to this value?

A) mean
B) mode
C) median
D) midrange

Question 30

In statistical notation, the elements of a data set are typically labeled as .

A) summation operators
B) letters in capitals
C) Greek letters
D) subscripted variables

Question 31

According to statistical notations, what does Σ stand for?

A) to act as a summation operator
B) to represent sample statistics
C) to represent population measures
D) to represent the number of items in a population

Question 32

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Cost per Order Database of Grogtes LLC. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline\text { Item Category } & \text { Item ID } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \text { N101 } & \$ 2.44 & 94 & \$ 229.36 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S101 } & \$ 20.44 & 49 & \$ 1,001.56\\\hline \text { Nuts } & N 102 & \$ 5.44 & 35 & \$ 190.40 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 26 & \$ 531.44 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 3.44 & 55 & \$ 189.20 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 59 & \$ 320.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 74 & \$ 180.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 31 & \$ 75.64 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 59 & \$ 556.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 28 & \$ 68.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 80 & \$ 1,635.20 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 34 & \$ 184.96 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 1 & \$ 125.45 \\\text { Bolts } & \text { B101 } & \$ 16.44 & 15 & \$ 246.60 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S103 } & \$ 9.44 & 27 & \$ 254.88 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD102 } & \$ 9.44 & 63 & \$ 594.72 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD101 } & \$ 20.44 & 14 & \$ 286.16 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 66 & \$ 114.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 101 & \$ 16.44 & 73 & \$ 1,200.12\\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 45 & \$ 424.80 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 104 & \$ 15.45 & 86 & \$ 1,328.70 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 3 & \$ 16.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 6 & \$ 122.64 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 49 & \$ 266.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 65 & \$ 158.60 \\\text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD103 } & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 52 & \$ 90.48 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 79 & \$ 745.76 \\\hline \text { Nailgun pack } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 4 & \$ 501.80\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Item Category } & \text { Item D } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 61 & \$ 331.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 103 & \$ 12.94 & 54 & \$ 698.76 \\\text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 104 & \$ 24.40 & 41 & \$ 1,000.40 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 102 & \$ 275.45 & 2 & \$ 550.90 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 6 & \$ 10.44 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 104 & \$ 2.44 & 75 & \$ 183.00 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 56 & \$ 1,144.64 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 13 & \$ 22.62 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 10 & \$ 54.40 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 93 & \$ 1,900.92 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S102 } & \$ 5.44 & 27 & \$ 146.88 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Which of the following does the second quartile of the costs per order indicate?

A) 2% of the costs per order are less than or equal to $114.84.
B) 20% of the costs per order are less than or equal to $1,200.12.
C) 5% of the costs per order are less than or equal to $229.36.
D) 50% of the costs per order are less than or equal to $286.16.

Question 33

Use the data given below to answer the following question.
Following is the purchase order database of 'The Chef Says So', a restaurant in New York, over the last quarter April-June). $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 5 / 6 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 5.44 & 98 \\\hline 4 / 7 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 23.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 39 \\\hline 6 / 10 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 23.44 & 30\\\hline 6 / 22 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 6.44 & 59 \\\hline 5 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 63 \\\hline 4 / 25 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 5.44 & 78 \\\hline 6 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 2 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 5.44 & 35 \\\hline 5 / 27 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 63 \\\hline 6 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 5.44 & 32 \\\hline 5 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 84 \\\hline 6 / 18 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 38 \\\hline 5 / 9 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 128.45 & 5 \\\hline 5 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 19.44 & 19 \\\hline 6 / 6 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 12.44 & 31 \\\hline 4 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 67 \\\hline 6 / 26 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 18\\\hline 4 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 29 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 4.74 & 70 \\\hline 4 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 19.44 & 77 \\\hline 6 / 15 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 49 \\\hline 6 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 18.45 & 90 \\\hline 5 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 7 \\\hline 6 / 28 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 23.44 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrev } & 5.44 & 69\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 4 / 12 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 18 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 56 \\\hline 6 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 83 \\\hline 5 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 128.45 & 8 \\\hline 4 / 16 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 65 \\\hline 6 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 15.94 & 58 \\\hline 5 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 27.4 & 45 \\\hline 4 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 278.45 & 6 \\\hline 6 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 31 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 5.44 & 79 \\\hline 6 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 23.44 & 60 \\\hline 4 / 13 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 4.74 & 17 \\\hline 5 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 14 \\\hline 6 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 23.44 & 97 \\\hline 4 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 8.44 & 31 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Which of the following represents the proportion of the total number of observations that fall at or below the upper limit of each group?

A) Percentile
B) Pareto chart
C) Frequency distribution
D) Cumulative relative frequency

Question 34

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Cost per Order Database of Grogtes LLC. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline\text { Item Category } & \text { Item ID } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \text { N101 } & \$ 2.44 & 94 & \$ 229.36 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S101 } & \$ 20.44 & 49 & \$ 1,001.56\\\hline \text { Nuts } & N 102 & \$ 5.44 & 35 & \$ 190.40 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 26 & \$ 531.44 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 3.44 & 55 & \$ 189.20 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 59 & \$ 320.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 74 & \$ 180.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 31 & \$ 75.64 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 59 & \$ 556.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 28 & \$ 68.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 80 & \$ 1,635.20 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 34 & \$ 184.96 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 1 & \$ 125.45 \\\text { Bolts } & \text { B101 } & \$ 16.44 & 15 & \$ 246.60 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S103 } & \$ 9.44 & 27 & \$ 254.88 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD102 } & \$ 9.44 & 63 & \$ 594.72 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD101 } & \$ 20.44 & 14 & \$ 286.16 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 66 & \$ 114.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 101 & \$ 16.44 & 73 & \$ 1,200.12\\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 45 & \$ 424.80 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 104 & \$ 15.45 & 86 & \$ 1,328.70 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 3 & \$ 16.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 6 & \$ 122.64 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 49 & \$ 266.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 65 & \$ 158.60 \\\text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD103 } & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 52 & \$ 90.48 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 79 & \$ 745.76 \\\hline \text { Nailgun pack } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 4 & \$ 501.80\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Item Category } & \text { Item D } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 61 & \$ 331.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 103 & \$ 12.94 & 54 & \$ 698.76 \\\text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 104 & \$ 24.40 & 41 & \$ 1,000.40 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 102 & \$ 275.45 & 2 & \$ 550.90 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 6 & \$ 10.44 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 104 & \$ 2.44 & 75 & \$ 183.00 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 56 & \$ 1,144.64 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 13 & \$ 22.62 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 10 & \$ 54.40 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 93 & \$ 1,900.92 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S102 } & \$ 5.44 & 27 & \$ 146.88 \\\hline\end{array}$

-What is the rank of the 42nd percentile of the costs per order ?

A) 17
B) 13.35
C) 19
D) 33.75

Question 35

Use the data given below to answer the following question.
Following is the purchase order database of 'The Chef Says So', a restaurant in New York, over the last quarter April-June). $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 5 / 6 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 5.44 & 98 \\\hline 4 / 7 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 23.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 39 \\\hline 6 / 10 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 23.44 & 30\\\hline 6 / 22 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 6.44 & 59 \\\hline 5 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 63 \\\hline 4 / 25 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 5.44 & 78 \\\hline 6 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 2 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 5.44 & 35 \\\hline 5 / 27 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 63 \\\hline 6 / 13 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 8.44 & 93 \\\hline 4 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 5.44 & 32 \\\hline 5 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 84 \\\hline 6 / 18 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 38 \\\hline 5 / 9 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 128.45 & 5 \\\hline 5 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 19.44 & 19 \\\hline 6 / 6 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 12.44 & 31 \\\hline 4 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 12.44 & 67 \\\hline 6 / 26 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 23.44 & 18\\\hline 4 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 29 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 4.74 & 70 \\\hline 4 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Philip } & 19.44 & 77 \\\hline 6 / 15 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 49 \\\hline 6 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Simson } & 18.45 & 90 \\\hline 5 / 23 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 7 \\\hline 6 / 28 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 23.44 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 25 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 53 \\\hline 5 / 1 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrev } & 5.44 & 69\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|r|r|}\hline\text { Order Date } & \text { Item } & \text { Region } & \text { Supplier } & \text { Unit Cost } & {\text { Units }} \\\hline 4 / 12 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Henry } & 8.44 & 99 \\\hline 4 / 18 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 56 \\\hline 6 / 30 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 12.44 & 83 \\\hline 5 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 128.45 & 8 \\\hline 4 / 16 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Antasia } & \text { Peter } & 8.44 & 65 \\\hline 6 / 4 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Mary } & 15.94 & 58 \\\hline 5 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Bowl } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Kane } & 27.4 & 45 \\\hline 4 / 19 / 2012 & \text { Glass Bottle } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 278.45 & 6 \\\hline 6 / 11 / 2012 & \text { Steel Fork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Gerry } & 4.74 & 10 \\\hline 5 / 31 / 2012 & \text { Silver Spoon } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Sarah } & 5.44 & 79 \\\hline 6 / 2 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Almeco } & \text { Thomas } & 23.44 & 60 \\\hline 4 / 13 / 2012 & \text { SteelFork } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 4.74 & 17 \\\hline 5 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 8.44 & 14 \\\hline 6 / 3 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Jones } & 23.44 & 97 \\\hline 4 / 17 / 2012 & \text { Ceramic Plate } & \text { Puitoria } & \text { Audrey } & 8.44 & 31 \\\hline\end{array}$

-What is the cumulative relative frequency of Ranks 1 and 2?

A) 0.80
B) 0.15
C) 0.30
D) 0.25

Question 36

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Cost per Order Database of Grogtes LLC. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline\text { Item Category } & \text { Item ID } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \text { N101 } & \$ 2.44 & 94 & \$ 229.36 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S101 } & \$ 20.44 & 49 & \$ 1,001.56\\\hline \text { Nuts } & N 102 & \$ 5.44 & 35 & \$ 190.40 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 26 & \$ 531.44 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 3.44 & 55 & \$ 189.20 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 59 & \$ 320.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 74 & \$ 180.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 31 & \$ 75.64 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 59 & \$ 556.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 28 & \$ 68.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 80 & \$ 1,635.20 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 34 & \$ 184.96 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 1 & \$ 125.45 \\\text { Bolts } & \text { B101 } & \$ 16.44 & 15 & \$ 246.60 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S103 } & \$ 9.44 & 27 & \$ 254.88 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD102 } & \$ 9.44 & 63 & \$ 594.72 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD101 } & \$ 20.44 & 14 & \$ 286.16 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 66 & \$ 114.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 101 & \$ 16.44 & 73 & \$ 1,200.12\\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 45 & \$ 424.80 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 104 & \$ 15.45 & 86 & \$ 1,328.70 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 3 & \$ 16.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 6 & \$ 122.64 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 49 & \$ 266.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 65 & \$ 158.60 \\\text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD103 } & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 52 & \$ 90.48 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 79 & \$ 745.76 \\\hline \text { Nailgun pack } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 4 & \$ 501.80\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Item Category } & \text { Item D } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 61 & \$ 331.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 103 & \$ 12.94 & 54 & \$ 698.76 \\\text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 104 & \$ 24.40 & 41 & \$ 1,000.40 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 102 & \$ 275.45 & 2 & \$ 550.90 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 6 & \$ 10.44 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 104 & \$ 2.44 & 75 & \$ 183.00 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 56 & \$ 1,144.64 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 13 & \$ 22.62 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 10 & \$ 54.40 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 93 & \$ 1,900.92 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S102 } & \$ 5.44 & 27 & \$ 146.88 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Which of the following observations is closest to the third quartile?

A) 35 N102 nuts for $190.40
B) 59 S103 screws for $556.96
C) 13 N103 nuts for $22.62
D) 2 NG102 nailgun packs for $550.90

Question 37

Which of the following is true from the equation: $\sum \left( x _ { i } - \bar { x } \right)$ = 0, where $\bar{x}$ is the mean of the sample?

A) The sum of the deviations above the mean are the same as the sum of the deviations below the mean
B) Half the data lie above the mean of the values
C) The specific set of values does not have any outliers affecting the mean
D) Half the data lie below the mean of the values

Question 38

Use the data given below to answer the following questions).
Following is an extract from the Cost per Order Database of Grogtes LLC. $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline\text { Item Category } & \text { Item ID } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \text { N101 } & \$ 2.44 & 94 & \$ 229.36 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S101 } & \$ 20.44 & 49 & \$ 1,001.56\\\hline \text { Nuts } & N 102 & \$ 5.44 & 35 & \$ 190.40 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 26 & \$ 531.44 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 3.44 & 55 & \$ 189.20 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 59 & \$ 320.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 74 & \$ 180.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 31 & \$ 75.64 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 59 & \$ 556.96 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 89 & \$ 484.16 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 28 & \$ 68.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 80 & \$ 1,635.20 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 34 & \$ 184.96 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 1 & \$ 125.45 \\\text { Bolts } & \text { B101 } & \$ 16.44 & 15 & \$ 246.60 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S103 } & \$ 9.44 & 27 & \$ 254.88 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD102 } & \$ 9.44 & 63 & \$ 594.72 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD101 } & \$ 20.44 & 14 & \$ 286.16 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 66 & \$ 114.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 101 & \$ 16.44 & 73 & \$ 1,200.12\\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 45 & \$ 424.80 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 104 & \$ 15.45 & 86 & \$ 1,328.70 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 3 & \$ 16.32 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 6 & \$ 122.64 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 49 & \$ 266.56 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 101 & \$ 2.44 & 65 & \$ 158.60 \\\text { Screwdriver } & \text { SD103 } & \$ 5.44 & 95 & \$ 516.80 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 52 & \$ 90.48 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 103 & \$ 9.44 & 79 & \$ 745.76 \\\hline \text { Nailgun pack } & \mathrm{NG} 101 & \$ 125.45 & 4 & \$ 501.80\\\hline\end{array}$
$\quad$ $\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Item Category } & \text { Item D } & \text { Item Cost } & \text { Units } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 61 & \$ 331.84 \\\hline \text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 103 & \$ 12.94 & 54 & \$ 698.76 \\\text { Bolts } & \mathrm{B} 104 & \$ 24.40 & 41 & \$ 1,000.40 \\\hline \text { Nails } & \mathrm{NG} 102 & \$ 275.45 & 2 & \$ 550.90 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 6 & \$ 10.44 \\\hline \text { Screwdriver } & \mathrm{SD} 104 & \$ 2.44 & 75 & \$ 183.00 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 56 & \$ 1,144.64 \\\hline \text { Nuts } & \mathrm{N} 103 & \$ 1.74 & 13 & \$ 22.62 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 102 & \$ 5.44 & 10 & \$ 54.40 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \mathrm{S} 101 & \$ 20.44 & 93 & \$ 1,900.92 \\\hline \text { Screws } & \text { S102 } & \$ 5.44 & 27 & \$ 146.88 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Which of the following does the 38th percentile of the costs per order indicate?

A) 62% of the costs per order are more than or equal to $190.40.
B) 38% of the costs per order are less than or equal to $189.20.
C) 62% of the costs per order are less than or equal to $484.16.
D) 38% of the costs per order are more than or equal to $501.80.

Question 39

Use the table below to answer the following questions).
Below is a table showing the costs per order of items bought by a computer hardware store. $\begin{array}{|l|l|lr|}\hline \text { Supplier } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Item } \\\text { Description }\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\text { Cost per } \\\text { Order }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Monitors } & \$ 250\\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Hard Disks } & \$ 220 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Power Supply } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Graphics Card } & \$ 300 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Processor } & \$ 325 \\\hline \text { Aloham Technologies } & \text { Speakers } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { Flashdrive } & \$ 9 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { Graphics Card } & \$ 299 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \text { CD-ROM } & \$ 88 \\\hline \text { MindRoot Hardwares } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Bluetooth } \\\text { Device }\end{array} & \$ 80 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Calculate the mean cost per order.

A) $220.54
B) $174.70
C) $159
D) $88

Question 40

Which of the following will give the value for the third quartile?

A) PERCENTILE.INCarray, 0.75)
B) QUARTILE.INCarray, 0.75)
C) DECILE.INCarray, 0.30)
D) QUARTILE.INCarray, 0.25)

Question 41

In the z-score formula, which of the following is true if the value in the numerator is a negative value?

A) that the xi value lies to the left of the mean
B) that the mean is of lesser value than the xi value
C) that the mean is of negative value
D) that the numerator value cannot be divided by the standard deviation

Question 42

The difference between the first and third quartiles is referred to as the .

A) standard deviation
B) variance
C) interquartile range
D) midrange

Question 43

Which of the following is a difference between a mean and a median?

A) A mean divides the data half above it and half below it; a median does not.
B) A median is not affected by outliers; a mean is affected by outliers.
C) A mean is an observation that occurs most frequently; a median is the average of all observations.
D) A median is not meaningful for ratio data; a mean is meaningful to ratio data.

Question 44

Which of the following is the z-score equation for the ith observation?

A) zt = $\begin{array} { l } \sqrt\frac { x _ { i } - \bar { x } } { s ^ { 2 } } \\\frac { x _ { i } - \bar { x } } { s }\end{array}$
B) zi =
C) z1= $\left( x _ { i } - \bar { x } \right) S$
D) zi = $\frac { x _ { j } } { s \left( x _ { i } - \bar { x } \right) }$

Question 45

The measure of location that specifies the middle value when the data are arranged from least to greatest is the .

A) outlier
B) mean
C) median
D) mode

Question 46

Which of the following describes standard deviation?

A) It is the average of the greatest and least values in the data set.
B) It is the square root of the variance.
C) It is the difference between the first and third quartiles of a data set.
D) It is the average of the squared deviations of the observations from the mean.

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of a measure of dispersion?

A) median
B) mode
C) variance
D) midrange

Question 48

Which of the following describes variance?

A) It is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the data set.
B) It is the difference between the first and third quartiles of a data set.
C) It is the average of the squared deviations of the observations from the mean.
D) It is the average of the greatest and least values in the data set.

Question 49

Which of the following types of conditions is most likely to render a midrange value useless?

A) having repetitious values in the data set
B) having the data arranged from least to greatest in value
C) having a small sample size
D) having extreme values in a data

Question 50

Which of the following is true for a mode?

A) Modes are the mid values of data arranged from least to greatest.
B) Modes are affected by outliers.
C) Modes cannot be used in data having repetitious values.
D) The highest bar in a histogram is its mode.

Question 51

In the equation Cp = upper specification - lower specification)/total variation, what does Cp denote?

A) capacity variation index
B) capability pattern
C) process capability index
D) capability push

Question 52

Which of the following is true of variance?

A) The formula to calculate variance of a population is not the same as the formula to calculate variance of a sample.
B) Its value is inversely proportional to the degree to which the data is spread from the mean.
C) It only requires the middle 50% of data to be calculated.
D) It is the square root of standard deviation.

Question 53

Which of the following is true of midspread?

A) It is an example of a measure of location.
B) It is calculated by finding the difference between the highest and lowest values in the data set.
C) It is affected by extreme values.
D) It is calculated using only the middle 50% of the data.

Question 54

states that for any set of data, the proportion of values that lie within k standard deviations k > 1) of the mean is at least 1 - 1/k².

A) Prime number theorem
B) Bertrand's postulate
C) Oppermann's conjecture
D) Chebyshev's theorem

Question 55

Which of the following is a similarity between a midrange and a mean?

A) Both measures are calculated using all the values in a data set.
B) Both measures are affected by outliers.
C) Both measures divide the data into two equal halves.
D) Both measures can only be used for small sample sizes.

Question 56

Which of the following describes dispersion in statistics?

A) the degree of variation in the data
B) the central value in the data
C) the frequency of values in the data
D) the measure of outliers in the data

Question 57

Using Chebyshev's theorem for standard deviation, calculate the percentage of data that lie within five standard deviations of the mean.

A) 89%
B) 75%
C) 96%
D) 50%

Question 58

The is the average of the greatest and least values in the data set.

A) mean
B) median
C) midrange
D) mode

Question 59

Which of the following is true for a median?

A) A median is only meaningful for interval or ordinal data and not for ratio data.
B) Medians can be calculated no matter how the data is arranged.
C) Medians are affected by outliers.
D) For an even number of observations, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers.

Question 60

The is the observation that occurs most frequently.

A) mode
B) mean
C) outlier
D) median

Question 61

How is the return to risk described in financial statistics?

A) as the relative measure of the distance an observation is from the mean
B) as the reciprocal of coefficient of variation
C) as the square root of variance
D) as the ratio of excess returns to its standard deviation

Question 62

Which of the following is the equation used for computing the sample correlation coefficient?

A) r_xy = cov(X,Y)(sxsy)
B) r_xy = $\frac { \operatorname { cov } ( X , Y ) } { s _ { x } s _ { y } }$
C) r_xy = $\frac { \left( x _ { i } - \bar { x } \right) } { s _ { x } s _ { y } }$
D) r_xy = $\sqrt { \frac { \left( x _ { i } - \bar { x } \right) } { s _ { x } - s _ { y } } }$

Question 63

is a measure of the linear association between two variables, X and Y.

A) Kurtosis
B) Proportion
C) Skewness
D) Covariance

Question 64

Which of the following cases require the mean of a sample to be calculated using the formula $\bar{x}$ = $\frac { \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { N } f _ { i } x _ { i } } { N }$ where N represents the sample size?

A) the sample has no mode value
B) there is direct access to the raw data
C) sample data are grouped in a frequency distribution
D) the coefficient of skewness is 1 or less than -1

Question 65

Use the spreadsheet below to answer the following questions).
Below is the table showing rate of shoes sold per day and the highest-priced shoe sold that day for a one-week period. The rate of shoes sold per day X) and the price of the shoes Y). $\begin{array} { | r | r | } \hline \text { Shoes sold in \% X) } & \text { Price Y) } \\\hline 15 & \$ 48 \\\hline 27 & \$ 55 \\\hline 10 & \$ 40 \\\hline 13 & \$ 88 \\\hline 25 & \$ 53 \\\hline 9 & \$ 47 \\\hline 18 & \$ 40 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Use Excel to calculate the variance of X.

A) 271.33
B) 16.47
C) 49.57
D) 7.04

Question 66

In finance, the is the ratio of a fund's excess returns annualized total returns minus Treasury bill returns) to its standard deviation.

A) field ratio
B) Sortino ratio
C) Calmar ratio
D) Sharpe ratio

Question 67

Use the spreadsheet below to answer the following questions).
Below is the table showing rate of shoes sold per day and the highest-priced shoe sold that day for a one-week period. The rate of shoes sold per day X) and the price of the shoes Y). $\begin{array} { | r | r | } \hline \text { Shoes sold in \% X) } & \text { Price Y) } \\\hline 15 & \$ 48 \\\hline 27 & \$ 55 \\\hline 10 & \$ 40 \\\hline 13 & \$ 88 \\\hline 25 & \$ 53 \\\hline 9 & \$ 47 \\\hline 18 & \$ 40 \\\hline\end{array}$

-Use Excel to calculate the mean for X.

A) 16.71
B) 7.04
C) 2.67
D) 0.02

Question 68

Which of the following is true of covariance, between two variables, when one of the deviations from the mean is positive and the other is negative?

A) the degree of linear association is high between the two variables
B) there is no covariance between the two variables
C) the covariance will be negative
D) the covariance will be positive

Question 69

Which of the following is true of the coefficient of skewness CS)?

A) If the CS is positive, the distribution of values tails off to the left.
B) If the CS value is between 0.5 and 1, the skewness is considered to be moderate.
C) If the CS is closer to zero, the degree of skewness is considered to be high.
D) If the CS value is between -0.5 and -1, the skewness is considered negligible.

Question 70

A z-score of 1.0 means that .

A) the observation is -1.0 standard deviation to the right of the mean
B) the observation is -1.0 standard deviation to the left of the mean
C) the observation has no deviation from the mean
D) the observation is 1.0 standard deviation to the right of the mean

Question 71

is a measure of the linear relationship between two variables, X and Y, which does not depend on the units of measurement.

A) Kurtosis
B) Proportion
C) Skewness
D) Correlation

Question 72

Calculate the coefficient of variation from the following data: z-score = 1.32; standard deviation = 0.173; mean = 4.7; total variation = 0.6

A) 27.16
B) 156.66
C) 0.04
D) -0.5

Question 73

In statistics, refers to the peakedness or flatness of a histogram.

A) Sharpe ratio
B) entropy rate
C) Markov chain
D) kurtosis

Question 74

Which of the following is the equation for calculating the coefficient of variation CV)?

A) CV = standard deviation/mean
B) CV = standard deviation - z-score/mean total variation)
C) CV = value of observation's distance from mean/standard deviation
D) CV = mean/standard deviation)2

Question 75

The is a formal statistical measure for categorical data, such as defects or errors in quality control applications or consumer preferences in market research.

A) variance
B) proportion
C) mean
D) skewness

Question 76

For two variables, a positive correlation coefficient indicates .

A) a linear relationship exists for which one variable increases as the other also increases
B) a linear relationship exists for one variable that increases while the other decreases
C) that the two variables have no linear relationship with each other
D) a nonlinear relationship with no linear correlation between the two variables

Question 77

Which of the following values of the coefficients of variation of stocks represents the least risky stock?

A) 1.0
B) 0.005
C) 0.5
D) 0.045

Question 78

Which of the following describes a positively skewed histogram?

A) a histogram that tails off toward the right
B) a histogram that has no fluctuation in mass
C) a histogram where more mass tails off toward the left
D) a histogram where mass is only concentrated in the middle

Question 79

The measures the degree of asymmetry of observations around the mean.

A) coefficient of variation
B) return to risk factor
C) coefficient of skewness
D) coefficient of kurtosis

Question 80

Describe and construct a cross-tabulation showing the region-wise percentage breakdown of purchase of glass bottles and silver spoons and visually represent the data in a 3-D column chart.
Counts: Percentages by Region: