Deck 1: The Microbial World and You

Question 1

The term used to describe a disease-causing microorganism is

A) pathogen.
B) bacterium.
C) infection.
D) microbe.
E) virus.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by

A) Semmelweis.
B) Pasteur.
C) Koch.
D) Lister.
E) Wasserman.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of

A) riboflavin.
B) acetone.
C) insulin.
D) aspirin.
E) riboflavin, acetone and insulin.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Penicillin was discovered by accident by

A) Alexander Fleming.
B) Joseph Lister.
C) Edward Jenner.
D) Robert Koch.
E) Paul Ehrich.

Question 5

In which of the following situations would Kochʹs postulates be utilized?

A) whenever the scientific method is used to investigate a microbiological problem
B) development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab
C) determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission
D) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab
E) determination of the cause of cancer in a patient

Question 6

Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT

A) O₂ production.
B) infection.
C) smog production.
D) decomposition of organic material.
E) food production.

Question 7

Which physician is first associated with vaccination?

A) Ehrlich
B) Jenner
C) Escherich
D) Lister
E) Koch

Question 8

Which of the following findings was essential for Edward Jennerʹs vaccination process?

A) Someone who recovers from a disease will not acquire that disease again.
B) Exposure to a milder disease form may produce immunity.
C) Pathogenic microorganisms infect all humans and animals in the same manner.
D) Disease is caused by viruses.
E) A weakened microorganism will not cause disease.

Question 9

The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally disproved by

A) John Needham.
B) Louis Pasteur.
C) Francesco Redi.
D) Rudolf Virchow.
E) Lazzaro Spallanzani.

Question 10

Who was the first scientist to pursue a ʺmagic bulletʺ that could be used to treat infectious disease?

A) Jenner
B) Semmelweis
C) Pasteur
D) Ehrlich
E) Lister

Question 11

Mycology is the study of

A) molds.
B) mushrooms.
C) protozoa.
D) mycoplasma.
E) molds, yeast, and mushrooms.

Question 12

Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea

A) use organic compounds for food.
B) are prokaryotic.
C) reproduce by binary fission.
D) lack nuclei.
E) have diverse cell wall compositions.

Question 13

The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as

A) fermentation.
B) pasteurization.
C) alcoholism.
D) lyophilization.
E) tyndallization.

Question 14

Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT

A) mushroom.
B) yeast.
C) virus.
D) protozoan.
E) bacterium.

Question 15

Regarding Louis Pasteurʹs experiments with the S-neck flask, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) All preexisting microorganisms were killed.
B) A food source was provided.
C) Air exchange was involved.
D) The possibility of contamination was removed.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?

A) archaea
B) eukarya
C) bacteria
D) animalia

Question 17

The use of phenol (carbolic acid) as a wound disinfectant was first practiced by

A) Pasteur.
B) Lister.
C) Holmes.
D) Koch.
E) Semmelweis.

Question 18

Classification of organisms into three domains is based on

A) the number of cells in the organism.
B) cellular proteins.
C) the presence of a cell wall.
D) cellular organization.
E) nutritional requirements.

Question 19

The first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Kochʹs postulates is to

A) compare the blood of a sick animal to blood obtained from a healthy animal.
B) culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium.
C) inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal.
D) obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.
E) isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals.

Question 20

Robert Koch identified the cause of

A) anthrax.
B) tuberculosis.
C) diphtheria.
D) AIDS.
E) smallpox.

Question 21

Spontaneous generation refers to living cells arising only from other living cells.

Question 22

Microorganisms are essential to our life. Each of the following is an example of a beneficial function of microorganisms EXCEPT

A) agriculture.
B) alternative fuel production.
C) gene therapy.
D) increased number of illnesses.
E) bioremediation.

Question 23

Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first microbiologist to use a microscope to examine environmental samples for the presence of microorganisms.

Question 24

The process of pasteurization to reduce food spoilage utilizes high heat to kill all bacteria present.

Question 25

Development of emerging infectious disease can be a result of all of the following EXCEPT

A) modern transportation.
B) overuse of antibiotics.
C) use of genetically modified foods.
D) changes in the environment.
E) microbial mutation.

Question 26

Fungal infections are studied by

A) parasitologists.
B) herpetologists.
C) mycologists.
D) bacteriologists.
E) virologists.

Question 27

Recombinant DNA technology has become an increasingly important part of our life. It is used for all of the following EXCEPT

A) enhancing food longevity.
B) increasing the nutritional value of food.
C) drug production.
D) vaccine production.
E) synthesis of water.

Question 28

Infectious disease is almost totally eradicated in our world.

Question 29

The major food producers for other living organisms is/are

A) higher plants.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) algae.
D) higher plants and algae.
E) higher plants, cyanobacteria, and algae.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about biofilms is FALSE?

A) Biofilms on medical devices cause infections.
B) Biofilms in pipes can block the flow of water.
C) Biofilms on rocks provide food for animal life.
D) Compared to free-living bacteria, biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics.
E) Biofilms in your body protect mucous membranes from harmful microbes.

Question 31

All cells possess a cell wall.

Question 32

Which disease has been eliminated through the use of vaccines?

A) smallpox
B) measles
C) tuberculosis
D) influenza
E) rubella

Question 33

Recombinant DNA refers to the

A) study of the function of genes.
B) synthesis of proteins from genes.
C) interaction between human and bacterial cells.
D) study of bacterial ribosomes.
E) DNA resulting when genes from one organism are inserted into another organism.

Question 34

Molecular biology includes the study of

A) protein synthesis.
B) enzyme function.
C) RNA replication.
D) how genetic information directs protein synthesis.
E) DNA synthesis.

Question 35

Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations EXCEPT the

A) upper respiratory system.
B) skin.
C) mouth.
D) blood.
E) colon.

Question 36

All pathogens known to infect humans have been identified at this point in time.

Question 37

Microbes are associated with life-sustaining benefits as well as life-threatening diseases.

Question 38

Gene therapy is currently used to treat all of the following diseases EXCEPT

A) LDL-receptor deficiency.
B) cystic fibrosis.
C) Duchenneʹs muscular dystrophy.
D) severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID).
E) colon cancer.

Question 39

A student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high -power lens, he observes several cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are NOT bacteria.