Deck 9: Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Question 1

Figure 9.3 The figure at the left in Figure 9.3 shows a gene identified by Southern blotting. What will a Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step?

A) Lyse cells.
B) Add stain.
C) Digest with a restriction enzyme.
D) Perform electrophoresis.
E) Collect DNA.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Figure 9.2

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 1 is

A) DNA polymerase.
B) RNA polymerase.
C) reverse transcriptase.
D) DNA ligase.
E) spliceosome.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning procedures?

A) circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome
B) may replicate in several species
C) self-replication
D) large size
E) has a selectable marker

Question 5

Biotechnology involves the

A) use of animal cells to make vaccines.
B) use of microorganisms to make desired products.
C) development of disease-resistant crop plants.
D) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistant crop plants.
E) use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines.

Question 6

Figure 9.4 In Figure 9.4, the bacteria transformed with the recombinant plasmid and plated on media containing ampicillin and X-gal will

A) form blue, ampicillin-sensitive colonies.
B) form white, ampicillin-resistant colonies.
C) form blue, ampicillin-resistant colonies.
D) form white, ampicillin-sensitive colonies.
E) not grow.

Question 7

The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence G↓AATTC. Which of the following is TRUE of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI?

A) All of the DNA will have blunt ends.
B) All of the DNA will be circular.
C) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in G.
D) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA.
E) Some of the DNA will have single-stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G.

Question 8

An advantage of synthetic DNA over genomic or cDNA is the ability to

A) obtain genes that lack exons.
B) make DNA from cellular RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
C) obtain genes that lack introns.
D) isolate unknown genes.
E) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence.

Question 9

Figure 9.2

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 2 is

A) spliceosome.
B) reverse transcriptase.
C) RNA polymerase.
D) DNA polymerase.
E) DNA ligase.

Question 10

Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a

A) vector.
B) clone.
C) Southern blot.
D) library.
E) PCR.

Question 11

The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is

A) mRNA → protein.
B) DNA → DNA.
C) mRNA → cDNA.
D) tRNA → mRNA.
E) DNA → mRNA.

Question 12

Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product?

A) It cannot process introns.
B) It does not secrete most proteins.
C) Endotoxin may be in the product.
D) Its genes are well known.
E) Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins.

Question 13

How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 14

A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a

A) clone.
B) vector.
C) Southern blot.
D) library.
E) PCR.

Question 15

An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it

A) lacks exons.
B) is very easy to isolate.
C) contains selectable markers.
D) lacks introns.
E) can form very large DNA segments.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques?

A) frost retardant
B) nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation)
C) glyphosate-resistant crops
D) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide
E) pectinase

Question 17

If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is

A) transformation of an animal cell.
B) inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.
C) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
D) splicing T DNA into a plasmid.
E) transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid.

Question 18

The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on

A) determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.
B) determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome.
C) cloning all of the genes of the human genome.
D) identifying all of the genes in the human genome.
E) finding a cure for all human genetic disorders.

Question 19

Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a

A) Southern blot.
B) clone.
C) vector.
D) library.
E) PCR.

Question 20

Figure 9.1

In Figure 9.1, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest piece containing the entire ampicillin-resistance (amp) gene?

A) 0.17 kbp
B) 0.25 kbp
C) 1.50 kbp
D) 3.00 kbp
E) 1.08 kbp

Question 21

Figure 9.5

A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is

A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
B) Pseudomonas.
C) Thermus aquaticus.
D) Bacillus thuringiensis.
E) Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Question 22

PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because

A) all cells have RNA.
B) DNA polymerase will replicate DNA.
C) all cells have DNA.
D) DNA can be electrophoresed.
E) the RNA primer is specific.

Question 23

Figure 9.5

In Figure 9.5, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are

A) ampR and lacZ.
B) HindIII, BamHI, and EcoRI.
C) ampR and ori.
D) ori.
E) lacZ and ori.

Question 24

A restriction fragment is

A) a segment of mRNA.
B) a gene.
C) cDNA.
D) a segment of DNA.
E) a segment of tRNA.

Question 25

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X. 1- Translation
2- Restriction enzyme
3- Prokaryotic transcription 4-DNA ligase
1- Transformation
2- Eukaryotic transcription 7-Reverse transcription
Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?

A) 6, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1
B) 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7
C) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6
D) 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1
E) 5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 1

Question 26

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is done by

A) irradiating the cells.
B) selective breeding.
C) site-directed mutagenesis.
D) selection.
E) enrichment.

Question 27

A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, the next step is to

A) look for a bacterium that makes the improved enzyme.
B) use siRNA to produce the enzyme.
C) mutate bacteria until one makes the improved enzyme.
D) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme.
E) synthesize the gene for the improved enzyme.

Question 28

Gene silencing involves all of the following EXCEPT

A) small interfering RNAs.
B) production of double stranded RNAs.
C) RNA-induced silencing complex.
D) small interfering RNA binding to a gene promoter.
E) Dicer.

Question 29

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease?

A) reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
B) DNA fingerprints
C) restriction fragment length polymorphisms
D) DNA fingerprints, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse -transcriptase PCR(rtPCR)
E) DNA fingerprints and restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Question 30

Figure 9.5

In Figure 9.5, the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is

A) lacZ.
B) ori.
C) HindIII.
D) ampR.
E) EcoRI.

Question 31

The use of ʺsuicideʺ genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to

A) provide a means to eliminate non-modified organisms.
B) prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment.
C) provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides.
D) delete genes necessary for modified organismʹs growth.
E) kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment.

Question 32

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes

A) direct selection possible.
B) the recombinant cell unable to survive.
C) the recombinant cell dangerous.
D) replica plating possible.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 33

You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is

A) restriction mapping.
B) translation.
C) PCR.
D) transformation.
E) site-directed mutagenesis.

Question 34

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA?

A) reverse transcription
B) translation
C) RNA processing to remove introns
D) transcription

Question 35

In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required?

A) electrophoresis to separate fragments
B) transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose
C) addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest
D) restriction enzyme digestion of DNA
E) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA

Question 36

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?

A) 4
B) thousands
C) 2
D) 16
E) 8

Question 37

Figure 9.5

The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous cells. A new, rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam. The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed below. What is the second step?

A) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA.
B) Add enzyme substrate.
C) The order is unimportant.
D) Add enzyme-linked antibodies against DNA-RNA.
E) Lyse human cells.

Question 38

Figure 9.5

Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into E. coli?

A) transformation
B) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
C) gene guns
D) microinjection

Question 39

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants?

A) microinjection
B) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium
C) gene guns
D) electroporation
E) protoplast fusion

Question 40

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B?

A) DNA fingerprinting
B) RNA interference (RNAi)
C) tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids)
D) reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR)
E) complementary DNA (cDNA)

Question 41

Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment.

Question 42

Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.

Question 43

The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain gene introns.

Question 44

One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli.

Question 45

The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is

A) reverse genetics.
B) proteomics.
C) bioinformatics.
D) forensic microbiology.
E) metagenomics.

Question 46

The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant.

Question 47

Restriction enzymes are

A) bacterial enzymes that splice DNA.
B) animal enzymes that splice RNA.
C) bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.
D) viral enzymes that destroy host DNA.

Question 48

The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the production of desired products.

Question 49

The random shotgun method is used in

A) amplification of unknown DNA.
B) genome sequencing.
C) transforming plant cells with recombinant DNA.
D) forensic microbiology.
E) RFLP analysis.

Question 50

The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction.

Question 51

The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is called natural selection.

Question 52

A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as bacterial, fungal, and plant cells.

Question 53

In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self-replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid or viral genome.