Deck 5: Developmental Influences on Child Health Promotion

Question 1

A mother reports that her 6-year-old child is highly active, irritable, irregular in habits, and adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. According to Chess and Thomas, which of the following categories of temperament would best describe this child?

A)Easy child
B)Difficult child
C)Slow-to-warm-up child
D)Fast-to-warm-up child

Answer 1

Difficult child

Question 2

According to Kohlberg, children develop moral reasoning as they mature. Which of the following is most characteristic of a preschooler's stage of moral development?

A)Obeying the rules of correct behavior is important.
B)Showing respect for authority is important behavior.
C)Behavior that pleases others is considered good.
D)Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences.

Answer 2

Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences.

Question 3

After age 7 years, school-age children usually grow how many inches per year?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Answer 3

2

Question 4

How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys?

A)It occurs earlier in boys.
B)It occurs earlier in girls.
C)It is about the same in both boys and girls.
D)In both boys and girls, it depends on their growth in infancy.

Question 5

Trauma to which of the following sites can result in a growth problem for children's long bones?

A)Matrix
B)Connective tissue
C)Calcified cartilage
D)Epiphyseal cartilage plate

Question 6

A father tells the nurse that his child is "filling up the house with collections" like seashells, bottle caps, baseball cards, and pennies. The nurse should recognize that the child is developing which of the following?

A)Object permanency
B)Preoperational thinking
C)Concrete operational thinking
D)Ability to use abstract symbols

Question 7

The nurse is observing parents playing with their 10-month-old daughter. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as an example that the child is developing object permanency?

A)Looks for the toy parents hide under the blanket
B)Returns the blocks to the same spot on the table
C)Recognizes that a ball of clay is the same when flattened out
D)Bangs two cubes held in her hands

Question 8

Which of the following refers to those times in the lifetime of an individual when he or she is more susceptible to positive or negative influences?

A)Sensitive period
B)Sequential period
C)Terminal points
D)Differentiation points

Question 9

An infant who weighs 7 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year?

A)14
B)16
C)18
D)21

Question 10

The head-to-tail direction of growth is referred to as which of the following?

A)Cephalocaudal
B)Proximodistal
C)Mass to specific
D)Sequential

Question 11

By the time children reach their twelfth birthday, they should have learned to trust others and should have developed a sense of which of the following?

A)Identity
B)Industry
C)Integrity
D)Intimacy

Question 12

A child's skeletal age is best determined by which of the following?

A)Assessment of dentition
B)Assessment of height over time
C)Facial bone development
D)Radiographs of the hand/wrist

Question 13

A 13-year-old girl asks the nurse how much taller she will get. She has been growing about 2 inches per year but grew 4 inches this past year. Menarche recently occurred. The nurse should base her response on which of the following?

A)Growth cannot be predicted.
B)Pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 year.
C)Mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.
D)Approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.

Question 14

Using Erikson's developmental theory, if a child age 3 to 6 years does not achieve a sense of initiative, which of the following may result?

A)Guilt
B)Mistrust
C)Autonomy
D)Inferiority

Question 15

Which of the following behaviors is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?

A)Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior
B)Inability to put oneself in another's place
C)Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes
D)Ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

A)Thinking is logical.
B)Thinking is concrete.
C)Reasoning is inductive.
D)Generalizations can be made.

Question 17

Lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes are:

A)Adult size by age 1 year.
B)Adult size by age 13 years.
C)Half their adult size by age 5 years.
D)Twice their adult size by age 10 to 12 years.

Question 18

By what age does birth length usually double?

A)1 year
B)2 years
C)4 years
D)6 years

Question 19

The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of the child age 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. Which of the following best describes this concept?

A)Selfishness
B)Self-centeredness
C)Prefers to play alone
D)Unable to put self in another's place

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in children?

A)Is reduced by fever
B)Is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages
C)Increases with age of child
D)Decreases as proportion of surface area to body mass increases

Question 21

In what type of play are children engaged in similar or identical activity, without organization, division of labor, or mutual goal?

A)Solitary
B)Parallel
C)Associative
D)Cooperative

Question 22

A toddler playing with sand and water would be participating in:

A)Skill play.
B)Dramatic play.
C)Social-affective play.
D)Sense-pleasure play.

Question 23

Which one of the following statements is true about toy safety?

A)Adults should be the only ones who select toys.
B)Adults should be alert to notices of recalls by manufacturers.
C)Government agencies inspect all toys on the market.
D)Evaluation of toy safety is a joint effort between children and adults.

Question 24

Which one of the following strategies would be the least appropriate for a child to use to cope?

A)Learning problem solving.
B)Listening to music.
C)Having parents solve problems.
D)Using relaxation techniques.

Question 25

A parent tells the school nurse that her first-grade child watches television about 4 hours per day. When discussing this issue with the parent, the nurse should consider which of the following?

A)The length of time watching TV is not important if the programs are educational.
B)The length of time watching TV is not important if child is doing well in school.
C)Parents should supervise the amount and type of TV programs their children watch.
D)Most children watch this much TV without any negative effects.

Question 26

Which of the following should the elementary school nurse consider when discussing television and movie viewing with parents?

A)Children usually ignore advertisements on television.
B)Alcohol and tobacco use can be encouraged by television and movies.
C)Children become more physically active when watching television and movies.
D)No evidence exists that television and movies affect aggressive behavior.

Question 27

Play serves many purposes. In teaching parents about appropriate activities, the nurse should inform them that play serves the following function(s). (Select all that apply.)

A)Intellectual development
B)Physical development
C)Socialization
D)Creativity
E)Temperament development

Question 28

What is probably the single most important influence on growth at all stages of development?

A)Nutrition
B)Heredity
C)Culture
D)Environment

Question 29

Which one of the following functions of play is a major component of play at all ages?

A)Creativity
B)Socialization
C)Intellectual development
D)Sensorimotor activity

Question 30

At what age do children tend to imitate the religious gestures and behaviors of others without understanding their significance?

A)Toddlerhood
B)Young school-age period
C)Older school-age period
D)Adolescents

Question 31

Three children playing a board game would be an example of:

A)Solitary play.
B)Parallel play.
C)Associative play.
D)Cooperative play.

Question 32

The nurse observes some children in the playroom. Which of the following play situations exhibits the characteristics of parallel play?

A)Kimberly and Amanda sharing clay to each make things
B)Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck
C)Adam playing a board game with Kyle, Steven, and Erich
D)Danielle playing with a music box on her mother's lap