Deck 14: Health Problems of Toddlers and Preschoolers

Question 1

Which of the following is an important nursing consideration when caring for a child with herpetic gingivostomatitis (HGS)?

A)Apply topical anesthetics before eating.
B)Drink from a cup, not a straw.
C)Wait to brush teeth until lesions are sufficiently healed.
D)Explain to parents how this is sexually transmitted.

Answer 1

Apply topical anesthetics before eating.

Question 2

The most common test for diagnosing pinworms in a child is which of the following?

A)Lower gastrointestinal (GI) series
B)Three stool specimens, at intervals of 4 days
C)Observation of presence of worms after child defecates
D)Tape placed in perianal area in the morning as soon as child awakens

Answer 2

Tape placed in perianal area in the morning as soon as child awakens

Question 3

In which of these communicable diseases are Koplik spots present?

A)Rubella
B)Measles (rubeola)
C)Chickenpox (varicella)
D)Exanthema subitum (roseola)

Answer 3

Measles (rubeola)

Question 4

A parent reports to the nurse that her child has inflamed conjunctivae of both eyes with purulent drainage and crusting of the eyelids, especially on awakening. These manifestations suggest:

A)Viral conjunctivitis.
B)Allergic conjunctivitis.
C)Bacterial conjunctivitis.
D)Conjunctivitis caused by foreign body.

Question 5

A young child is being treated for giardiasis. Which of the following should the nurse recommend to the child's parent?

A)The parasite is difficult to transmit, so no special precautions are indicated
B)The children can swim in a pool if wearing diapers
C)Diapers must be changed as soon as soiled and disposed of in a closed receptacle.
D)Cloth diapers should be rinsed in the toilet before washing.

Question 6

Strict isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with:

A)Mumps.
B)Chickenpox.
C)Exanthema subitum (roseola).
D)Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease).

Question 7

The single parent of a 12-year-old child who has just been diagnosed with chickenpox tells the nurse that staying home with the child and missing work cannot be afforded. The parent asks the nurse if some medication will shorten the course of the illness. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

A)Reassure the parent that it is not necessary to stay home with the child.
B)Explain that no medication will shorten the course of the illness.
C)Explain the advantages of the medication acyclovir to treat chickenpox.
D)Explain the advantages of the medication varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) to treat chickenpox.

Question 8

What is the first step in the emergency treatment of poisoning in a child?

A)Locate the poison.
B)Assess the child.
C)Prevent absorption of poison.
D)Terminate exposure to the toxic substance.

Question 9

A young child has just arrived at the emergency room after an ingestion of aspirin at home. The practitioner has ordered activated charcoal. The nurse administers charcoal in the following manner.

A)Administer through a nasogastric tube because the child will not drink it because of the taste.
B)Serve in a clear plastic cup so the child can see how much has been drunk.
C)Give half of the solution, and then repeat the other half in 1 hour.
D)Serve in an opaque container with a straw.

Question 10

Which of the following is described as the time interval between infection or exposure to disease and appearance of initial symptoms?

A)Incubation period
B)Prodromal period
C)Desquamation period
D)Period of communicability

Question 11

Which of the following may be given to high-risk children after exposure to chickenpox to prevent varicella?

A)Acyclovir
B)Varicella globulin
C)Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
D)VZIG

Question 12

A young boy is found squirting lighter fluid into his mouth. His father calls the emergency room. The nurse taking the call should know that the primary danger is which of the following?

A)Hepatic dysfunction
B)Dehydration secondary to vomiting
C)Esophageal stricture and shock
D)Bronchitis and chemical pneumonia

Question 13

Which of the following is the causative agent of scarlet fever?

A)Enteroviruses
B)Corynebacterium
C)Scarlet fever virus
D)Group A $\beta$ -hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)

Question 14

A father calls the clinic because he found his young daughter squirting Visine eye drops into her mouth. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action?

A)Advise to seek immediate medical treatment.
B)Advise to induce vomiting with syrup of ipecac.
C)Advise to dilute Visine by drinking several glasses of water.
D)Give reassurance that Visine is harmless.

Question 15

Vitamin A supplementation may be recommended for the young child who has which of the following?

A)Mumps
B)Rubella
C)Measles (rubeola)
D)Erythema infectiosum

Question 16

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of acetaminophen poisoning?

A)Hyperpyrexia
B)Hepatic involvement
C)Severe burning pain in stomach
D)Drooling and inability to clear secretions

Question 17

Which of the following is a common childhood communicable disease that may cause severe defects in the fetus when it occurs in its congenital form?

A)Erythema infectiosum
B)Roseola
C)Rubeola
D)Rubella

Question 18

Acute salicylate (ASA; aspirin) poisoning results in which of the following?

A)Chemical pneumonitis
B)Hepatic damage
C)Retractions and grunting
D)Disorientation and loss of consciousness

Question 19

Acyclovir (Zovirax) is given to children with chickenpox to:

A)Minimize scarring.
B)Decrease the number of lesions.
C)Prevent aplastic anemia.
D)Prevent spread of the disease.

Question 20

The nurse suspects that a child has ingested some type of poison. Which of the following clinical manifestations would be most suggestive that the poison was a corrosive product?

A)Tinnitus
B)Disorientation
C)Stupor, lethargy, coma
D)Edema of lips, tongue, pharynx

Question 21

Which of the following is the most frequent source of acute childhood lead poisoning?

A)Folk remedies
B)Unglazed pottery
C)Lead-based paint
D)Cigarette butts and ashes

Question 22

A 3-month-old infant dies shortly after arrival to the emergency department. The infant has subdural and retinal hemorrhages but no external signs of trauma. The nurse should suspect:

A)Unintentional injury.
B)Shaken-baby syndrome.
C)Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
D)Congenital neurologic problem.

Question 23

Which of the following is descriptive of a child who is abused by the parent(s)?

A)Unintentionally contributes to the abusing situation
B)Belongs to a low socioeconomic population
C)Is healthier than the nonabused siblings
D)Abuses siblings in the same way as child is abused by the parent(s)

Question 24

Probably the most important criterion on which to base the decision to report suspected child abuse is which of the following?

A)Inappropriate parental concern for the degree of injury.
B)Absence of parents for questioning about child's injuries.
C)Inappropriate response of child.
D)Incompatibility between the history and injury observed.

Question 25

Chelation therapy for lead poisoning is initiated when a child's blood level (g/dL) is:

A)10-1
B)15-19
C)20-4
D)>45

Question 26

A common characteristic of those who sexually abuse children is which of the following?

A)Pressure victim into secrecy
B)Are usually unemployed and unmarried
C)Are unknown to victims and victims' families
D)Have many victims that are each abused only once