Deck 12: Processes of Evolution

Question 1

A trait with two forms is referreto as being

A)polymorphic.
B)dimorphic.
C)codominant.
D)heterozygous.
E)homozygous.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

__________ will neither hurt nor help thindividual's chances of survival.

A)A beneficial mutation
B)A neutral mutation
C)A random mutation
D)A lethal mutation
E)None of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Traits with morthan 2 distinct forms are

A)polymorphic.
B)dimorphic.
C)codominant.
D)heterozygous.
E)homozygous.
)

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A mutation that results in thdeath of thindividual is called

A)a beneficial mutation.
B)a lethal mutation.
C)a random mutation.
D)a spontaneous mutation.
E)none of these.

Question 5

__________ will bestow an advantagto thindividual.

A)A beneficial mutation
B)A neutral mutation
C)A random mutation
D)A lethal mutation
E)None of these

Question 6

__________ refer(s) to an allele's abundancwithin a population.

A)Allele frequency
B)Mutation frequency
C)Allele ratio
D)Population dynamics
E)None of these

Question 7

What event will increasthfrequency of a mutation in a population over time?

A)fitness
B)natural selection
C)artificial selection
D)adaptive radiation
E)none of these

Question 8

Which is thbest examplof a neutral mutation?

A)A new spot pattern develops that enables the individual to better hide.
B)A new spot pattern develops that makes the individual more noticeable.
C)Larger muscles develop that make the individual faster.
D)Earlobes develop that are attached instead of free hanging.
E)Larger eyes develop that enable the individual to see better at night.

Question 9

__________ introduce(s) new genetic combinations of alleles into thchromosomes.

A)Crossing over in meiosis I
B)Crossing over in meiosis II
C)Breeding between the dominant individuals in the population
D)Breeding between the recessive individuals in the population
E)All of these

Question 10

A mutation that drastically changes thphenotypes of an individual ancan leato thindividual's death is

A)a beneficial mutation.
B)a lethal mutation.
C)a random mutation.
D)a neutral mutation.
E)none of these.

Question 11

What event enablethrats to becomresistant to warfarin?

A)mutation of a gene that made them resistant to penicillin
B)mutation of a gene that made them resistant to warfarin
C)change in the chemical makeup of warfarin
D)increased use of alternative chemicals by people
E)none of these

Question 12

Which is an examplof a morphological trait?

A)brown fur
B)long hair
C)curly tail
D)pointed ears
E)all of these

Question 13

Which of thfollowing is an examplof a beneficial mutation?

A)A new spot pattern develops that enables the individual to better hide.
B)A new spot pattern develops that makes the individual more noticeable.
C)A new spot pattern develops that does nothing for the individual.
D)The individual develops a tumor that decreases how quickly it can run.
E)None of these are examples of beneficial mutation.

Question 14

Which is an examplof a physiological trait?

A)metabolic rate
B)tall
C)curly tail
D)pointed ears
E)all of these

Question 15

__________ is (are) thsourcof new alleles in thpopulation.

A)Environmental change
B)Mutation
C)Selective breeding
D)Random chance
E)All of these

Question 16

What is thrat to human ratio in most major cities?

A)10:1
B)20:1
C)1:10
D)1:25
E)1:100

Question 17

What is thbest definition of a population?

A)a group of individuals of two different species that interact with each other
B)a group of interbreeding individuals from different geographical regions
C)all the different types of organisms in a given area
D)all the different types of organisms in several regions
E)a group of individuals of the same species in a given area

Question 18

__________ changes thDNA but has no impact upon thindividual.

A)A beneficial mutation
B)A lethal mutation
C)A random mutation
D)A neutral mutation
E)None of these

Question 19

What organic compounwas widely useas a rat poison in th1950s?

A)warfarin
B)tetrazolium
C)penicillin
D)mercury
E)atrazine

Question 20

Thgenes of a population comprise

A)the species diversity.
B)the individual alleles.
C)the variation that can be found within the species.
D)the gene pool.
E)all of these.

Question 21

Changoccurring within a population is called

A)natural selection.
B)macroevolution.
C)microevolution.
D)mutation.
E)none of these.

Question 22

Wherwoulbthbest placto search for fossils?

A)an area that was formerly a desert
B)an area that was formerly a mountain
C)an area that is currently a desert but once was an ocean
D)an area that is currently an ocean but was formerly a desert
E)none of these

Question 23

If a population is experiencing genetic equilibriuit is not

A)stable.
B)mutating.
C)decreasing.
D)increasing.
E)evolving.

Question 24

Thshift in body weight of sociablweaver birds towards an intermediatbody weight is an examplof __________ selection(s).

A)frequent
B)directional
C)disruptive
D)stabilizing
)
E)none of these

Question 25

Finches having either a largbill or a small bill but no sizes in between is an examplof __________ selection(s).

A)stabilizing
B)disruptive
C)frequent
D)directional
E)none of these

Question 26

With __________ selection(s), thallelfrequency will shift in a consistent direction.

A)directional
B)stabilizing
C)disruptive
D)frequent
E)none of these

Question 27

If thallelfrequency of a population of ducks changes froongeneration to thnext, thpopulation is undergoing

A)genetic equilibrium.
B)upheaval.
C)macroevolution.
D)transition.
E)microevolution.

Question 28

With __________ selection(s), thintermediatforof a trait is favored.

A)stabilizing
B)directional
C)disruptive
D)frequent
)
E)none of these

Question 29

A population is experiencing __________ if thallelfrequency remains stable.

A)genetic imbalance
B)genetic equilibrium
C)random mutations
D)controlled mutations
E)random change

Question 30

What is it callewhen an individual out reproduces others within thpopulation becausthey havan easier timsecuring mates?

A)directional selection
B)sexual selection
C)dominance
D)sexual handicap
E)disruptive selection

Question 31

Onextremvariation of a phenotypwill bfounduring which typof selection?

A)stabilizing
B)directional
C)disruptive
D)frequent
)
E)none of these

Question 32

With __________ selection(s), thforms of a trait at both ends of a rangof variation arfavored.

A)frequent
B)directional
C)disruptive
D)stabilizing
)
E)none of these

Question 33

Both ends of a rangof variation arfavoreduring which typof selection(s)?

A)frequent
B)directional
C)disruptive
D)stabilizing
)
E)none of these

Question 34

When allelfrequency changes, a population is saito no longer bin

A)genetic equilibrium.
B)isolation.
C)upheaval.
D)fluctuation.
E)transition.

Question 35

Females choosing males with elongateeyestalks over thoswith short eyestalks is an examplof

A)directional selection.
B)disruptive selection.
C)dominance.
D)a sexual handicap.
E)sexual selection.

Question 36

With natural selection, __________ an__________ will alter thallelfrequency of a population.

A)survival; mutation
B)mutation; reproduction
C)competition; mutation
D)survival; reproduction
E)survival; competition

Question 37

Thmidrangphenotypis favoreduring which typof selection(s)?

A)stabilizing
B)directional
C)disruptive
D)frequent
)
E)none of these

Question 38

Thfavoring of thheterozygotwithin thpopulation is an examplof a

A)balanced polymorphism.
B)balanced dimorphism.
C)balanced monomorphism.
D)sexual selection.
E)directional selection.

Question 39

A shift in moth frequency fromorlight anless dark to mordark anless light is an examplof what typof selection?

A)stabilizing
B)directional
C)disruptive
D)frequent
)
E)none of these

Question 40

In order to experiencevolution, a population cannot remain in

A)fluctuation.
B)genetic equilibrium.
C)the same region.
D)the same habitat.
E)any of these.

Question 41

Which population's allelfrequency is considereto bfixed?

A)27 sparrows: 14 are HH.
B)42 cardinals: 15 are HH, 19Hh, and 8 hh.
C)333 robins: 32% are HH, 45% Hh, 23% hh
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 42

A femalhorscan matwith a maldonkey but they will produca mule.This is an examplof what typof isolation mechanism?

A)hybrid sterility
B)ecological
C)behavioral
D)mechanical
E)postzygotic

Question 43

__________ is a randochangin allelfrequency over timthat is brought about by chance.

A)Genetic drift
B)Gene flow
C)Natural selection
D)Mutation
E)Directional selection

Question 44

Thmovement of alleles among populations is called

A)a bottle neck.
B)mutation.
C)a founder effect.
D)gene flow.
E)genetic drift.

Question 45

Thappearancof herbicidresistant genes in weeds is an examplof

A)a bottle neck.
B)mutation.
C)a founder effect.
D)gene flow.
E)genetic drift.

Question 46

A femalbower birbeing unablto recognizthmating ritual of a maltoucan is an examplof what typof isolating mechanism?

A)hybrid sterility
B)ecological
C)behavioral
D)mechanical
E)postzygotic

Question 47

Which population is morlikely to baffecteby genetic drift?

A)6 geese in a pond
B)87 bluegill in a lake
C)121 snails in the garden
D)2,217 dandelions in the yard
E)12,000 antelope in a herd

Question 48

A small group of individuals establishing a new population is an examplof

A)a bottle neck.
B)mutation.
C)a founder effect.
D)gene flow.
E)genetic drift.

Question 49

A physical barrier that prevents individuals frobreeding is callea(n)

A)postzygotic mechanism.
B)prezygotic mechanism.
C)behavioral mechanism.
D)temporal mechanism.
E)hybrid mechanism.

Question 50

A physical barrier that separates a population in half anthat leads to genetic changes is called

A)sympatric speciation.
B)allopatric speciation.
C)directional selection.
D)hybrid sterility.
E)behavioral isolation.

Question 51

Muldeer living in Colorado anwhitetail deer living in Illinois aran examplof what typof isolating mechanism?

A)ecological
B)temporal
C)postzygotic
D)behavioral
E)hybrid sterility

Question 52

When genflow within a population is ended, it will most likely leato __________ in thimmediatfuture.

A)new variations
B)new species
C)gene frequencies
D)competition
E)reproductive isolation

Question 53

__________ is a drastic reduction in population sizbrought about by severpressure.

A)A bottle neck
B)Mutation
C)A founder effect
D)Gene flow
E)Genetic drift

Question 54

Tholorder Amish in Lancaster County is an examplof a population that is undergoing

A)a bottle neck.
B)mutation.
C)a founder effect.
D)gene flow.
E)genetic drift.

Question 55

Genetic divergences ultimately leato

A)new variations.
B)new species.
C)new gene frequencies.
D)new competition.
E)none of these.

Question 56

A black bear population being fragmenteanisolateby a newly constructeroais an examplof

A)reproductive isolation.
B)gene flow.
C)genetic drift.
D)competition.
E)none of these.

Question 57

Hybriin viability is an examplof what typof isolating mechanism?

A)prezygotic
B)behavioral
C)ecological
D)temporal
E)postzygotic

Question 58

Thmigratory patterns of many animals encourages

A)a bottle neck.
B)mutation.
C)a founder effect.
D)gene flow.
E)genetic drift.

Question 59

A small group of fish getting trappein a ponafter thriver floodeits banks is an examplof

A)a founder effect.
B)mutation.
C)a bottle neck.
D)gene flow.
E)genetic drift.

Question 60

Which is not a prezygotic mechanism?

A)individuals living in different habitats
B)individuals having different mating cycles
C)individuals having different mating dances
D)individuals having incompatible reproductive structures
E)hybrid sterility

Question 61

Which is NOT a kingdorecognizeby thscientific community?

A)plantae
B)animalia
C)protista
D)fungi
E)all of these kingdoms are recognized by the scientific community

Question 62

Predator hunting tactics anprey defensmechanisms arexamples of

A)mutualism.
B)competition.
C)coevolution.
D)disruptive selection.
E)sexual selection.

Question 63

How many kingdoms arcurrently recognizeby thscientific community?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)7

Question 64

If a population speciates in thabsencof a physical barrier it is known as

A)sympatric speciation.
B)disruptive selection.
C)directional selection.
D)hybrid sterility.
E)allopatric speciation.

Question 65

What is thsciencof naming anclassifying species called?

A)taxonomy
B)evolution
C)biogeography
D)herpetology
E)plate tectonics

Question 66

A changin chromosomnumber during fertilization can leato

A)sympatric speciation.
B)disruptive selection.
C)directional selection.
D)hybrid sterility.
E)allopatric speciation.

Question 67

Nondisjunction of chromosomes during meiosis can leato

A)directional selection.
B)disruptive selection.
C)sympatric speciation.
D)hybrid sterility.
E)allopatric speciation.

Question 68

Thvariation of cichlispecies in LakVictoria is duto

A)directional selection.
B)disruptive selection.
C)sympatric speciation.
D)hybrid sterility.
E)allopatric speciation.

Question 69

A __________ is a structural modification that enables an individual to exploit their habitat morefficiently.

A)key innovation
B)mutation
C)morphological convergence
D)morphological divergence
E)homologous structure

Question 70

Which 18^th century naturalist devisethsysteof naming species that is still in ustoday?

A)Lyell
B)Curvier
C)Lamarck
D)Darwin
E)Linnaeus

Question 71

Thvariety of beaks founin Hawaiian honeycreepers is an examplof

A)analogous structures.
B)mutation.
C)morphological convergence.
D)morphological divergence.
E)key innovation.

Question 72

A group of similar organisms arclassifieas a(n)

A)clade
B)taxon
C)tribe
D)community
E)ecosystem

Question 73

Hawaiian honeycreeper diversity is an examplof

A)stasis.
B)morphological convergence.
C)macroevolution.
D)adaptive radiation.
E)heterozygote vigor.

Question 74

When a lanbridgconnecting two continents is cut off duto rising sea levels, this can leato

A)sympatric speciation.
B)disruptive selection.
C)directional selection.
D)hybrid sterility.
E)allopatric speciation.

Question 75

A changin evolutionary patterns over long periods of timis known as

A)macroevolution.
B)microevolution.
C)speciation.
D)directional selection.
E)none of these.

Question 76

Thcoelacanth is an examplof a species that is in

A)isolation.
B)stasis.
C)change.
D)turmoil.
E)none of these.

Question 77

How many domains arcurrently recognizeby thscientific community?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)7