Deck 11: Evidence of Evolution

Question 1

Which scientist presentethTheory of Uniformity?

A)Lyell
B)Lamarck
C)Darwin
D)Cuvier
E)none of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Thchangin frequency of traits in a population is known as

A)fitness.
B)natural selection.
C)artificial selection.
D)adaptive radiation.
E)none of these.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

__________ is(are) thstudy of body plans anstructures.

A)Evolution
B)Biogeography
C)Comparative morphology
D)Comparative biology
E)None of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A mass extinction is defineas

A)the permanent loss of major groups of organisms.
B)the loss of 20% of a population.
C)the rapid growth of species diversity in a particular area.
D)the temporary loss of major groups of organisms.
E)all of these.

Question 5

__________ is thdegreof adaptation to a specific environment.

A)Fecundity
B)Fertility
C)Fitness
D)Adaptation
E)Natural selection

Question 6

What idea diMalthus champion that Darwin incorporateinto his view of Evolution?

A)Populations have the capacity to produce more offspring than the environment can support.
B)Populations will always produce more individuals than the environment can support.
C)Populations will only produce the number of individuals that the environment can support.
D)Populations will never produce offspring in stressful environments.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 7

Which individuals armost likely to survivin a given environment?

A)ones with neutral traits
B)one with adaptive traits
C)ones with negative traits
D)everyone has an equal chance
E)all of these

Question 8

Which scientists proposethGreat Chain of Being?

A)Darwin
B)Lamarck
C)Aristotle
D)Mendel
E)Cuvier

Question 9

Which structuris least likely to fossilize?

A)bone
B)teeth
C)seeds
D)shells
E)skin

Question 10

Which individual presenteththeory of Catastrophism?

A)Lyell
B)Lamarck
C)Darwin
D)Cuvier
E)none of these

Question 11

Biogeography is thstudy of

A)the distribution of land masses.
B)the patterns in the geographical distribution of species.
C)the patterns of species dispersal.
D)the pattern of population demographics.
E)none of these.

Question 12

Which scientist believethat species gradually improvetowards perfection duto "fluida"?

A)Lyell
B)Lamarck
C)Darwin
D)Cuvier
E)none of these

Question 13

Who is referreto as thFather of Biogeography?

A)Cuvier
B)Lyell
C)Lamarck
D)Aristotle
E)Wallace

Question 14

ThK-T boundary layer of rock was formeduring a mass extinction

A)12 million years ago.
B)2.5 million years ago.
C)65.5 million years ago.
D)125 million years ago.
E)220 million years ago.

Question 15

Which individual proposethsamidea as Darwin after studying thwildlifin thAmazon basin?

A)Cuvier
B)Lyell
C)Lamarck
D)Aristotle
E)Wallace

Question 16

During th1800's anearlier, most individuals thought thEarth was:

A)2.5 million years old.
B)100 million years old.
C)200,000 years old.
D)155,000 years old.
E)6,000 years old.

Question 17

If a population undergoes natural selection, it can leato

A)the extinction of the species.
B)a significant decrease in the population.
C)a significant increase in the population.
D)the evolution of the species.
E)a rapid mutation of the species.

Question 18

Which of thfollowing factors is most likely to leato thevolution of thspecies?

A)natural selection
B)change in the environment
C)number of males and females in the population
D)age ratio of the population
E)none of these

Question 19

A trait that enhances an individual's fitness is called

A)a degree of fitness.
B)a negative trait
C)a neutral trait.
D)an adaptive trait.
E)all of these.

Question 20

Who was onof thearliest naturalists?

A)Darwin
B)Wallace
C)Mendel
D)Cuvier
E)Aristotle

Question 21

Which factor has thgreatest influencon radioactivdecay?

A)time
B)temperature
C)pressure
D)moisture
E)climate

Question 22

Wherwoulbthbest placto search for fossils?

A)an area that was formerly a desert
B)an area that was formerly a mountain
C)an area that is currently a desert but once was an ocean
D)an area that is currently an ocean but was formerly a desert
E)none of these

Question 23

When measuring thagof a fossil using Carbon dating, what ratio is considered?

A)Carbon 12 to Carbon 14
B)Carbon 14 to Carbon 12
C)Carbon 12 to Carbon 13
D)Carbon 13 to Carbon 12
E)Carbon 13 to Carbon 14

Question 24

What is thmethocallethat indicates thagof material by measuring thcontent of thradioisotopanthdaughter elements?

A)radiometric dating
B)carbon dating
C)catastrophism
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 25

Why is it unlikely that wwill finfossils of every extinct species?

A)Most remains are eaten by scavengers and don't fossilize.
B)Not every species has gone extinct.
C)We will be able to find fossils of every species.
D)Most fossils are buried too deep for us to find.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 26

How many major extinction events havoccurreduring thEarth's history?

A)2
B)4
C)5
D)11
E)14

Question 27

Which typof fossil is considerea tracfossil?

A)footprint
B)shell
C)seeds
D)teeth
E)all are trace fossils

Question 28

When measuring thagof a fossil using Carbon dating, what is tholdest agthat a fossil can be?

A)2.2 million years old
B)200,000 years old
C)85,000 years old
D)72,000 years old
E)60,000 years old

Question 29

ThEarth has experience__________ major mass extinctions during its history.

A)3
B)5
C)8
D)12
E)15

Question 30

Which fossil woulyou expect to bclosest to thsurface?

A)dinosaur
B)human
C)primate
D)bacteria
E)all would be at the same level

Question 31

Which fossil woulyou expect to bthdeepest?

A)dinosaur
B)human
C)primate
D)bacteria
E)all would be at the same level

Question 32

What is thtimit takes for half of a radioisotope's atoto decay called?

A)decay time
B)half-life
C)full life
D)breakdown time
E)denature time

Question 33

Typically, wherwoulwexpect to finolder fossils?

A)superficial layer of the Earth
B)deep layer of the Earth
C)both layers will have old fossils
D)neither layer will have old fossils
E)none of these

Question 34

What is thcut off agfor dating fossils by their Carbon 14 content?

A)60,000 years
B)12,000 years
C)6,000 years
D)2,000 years
E)500 years

Question 35

Thradioisotopandaughter element content armeasureto perfor__________ dating.

A)isotonic
B)strontium
C)decay
D)carbon 14
E)radiometric

Question 36

Which rock layer is least likely to holfossils?

A)mudstone
B)sandstone
C)shale
D)clay
E)all will be the same

Question 37

What is thagof tholdest known terrestrial rock?

A)4.404 billion years old.
B)4.2 million years old.
C)2.4 billion years old.
D)4.4 million years old.
E)144 billion years old.

Question 38

Thbreakdown of uraniu238 into lea206 is an examplof a radioisotope's

A)decay cycle.
B)growth cycle.
C)half life.
D)full life.
E)life expectancy.

Question 39

What is thhalf-lifof uraniu238 to lea206?

A)2.5 million years.
B)220 million years.
C)1.2 billion years.
D)2.5 billion years.
E)4.5 billion years.

Question 40

During which Periodith1^st mass extinction occur?

A)Permian
B)Triassic
C)Jurrasic
D)Ordovician
E)Quaternary

Question 41

What is thcorrect order of lanmass formation starting with tholdest anmoving towards thmost recent?

A)Pangaea - Gondwana - Earth's crust
B)Earth's crust - Pangaea - Gondwana
C)Earth's crust - Gondwana - Pangaea
D)Gondwana - Earths crust - Pangaea
E)Pangaea - Earth's crust - Gondwana

Question 42

When dithEarth's crust form?

A)2.9 billion years ago
B)3.2 billion years ago
C)4,600 million years ago
D)4.6 million years ago
E)12,000 years ago

Question 43

Lantetrapods evolvejust prior to which mass extinction?

A)1^st
B)2^nd
C)3^rd
D)4^th
E)5^th

Question 44

Which layer of sedimentary rock is thdeepest?

A)Bright Angel Shale
B)Muav limestone
C)Redwall limestone
D)Manakacha Formation
E)Kaibab Limestone

Question 45

Which group is geologically oldest?

A)prokaryotes
B)dinosaurs
C)bees
D)butterflies
E)bony fish

Question 46

Which list is in order of most primitivto most advanced?

A)prokaryotes - fungi - eukaryotes - protists
B)fungi - protists - prokaryotes - eukaryotes
C)eukaryotes - prokaryotes - fungi - protists
D)prokaryotes - eukaryotes - protists - fungi
E)none of these

Question 47

Thhalf lifof Carbon 14 is approximately __________ years.

A)16,000
B)11,200
C)8,200
D)5,370
E)none of these

Question 48

Thpresencof reptiltracks in sandstonformations is an indication that tharea useto be

A)an ocean
B)a beach
C)a forest
D)a desert
E)none of these

Question 49

Which layer of sedimentary rock shows thpresencof fish?

A)Unkar Group
B)Manakacha Formation
C)Kaibab Limestone receptors
D)Redwall Limestone
E)Chuar Group

Question 50

Which layer of sedimentary rock shows thpresencof reptiltracks?

A)Redwall limestone
B)Toroweap Formation
C)Muav limestone
D)Coconino Sandstone
E)none of these

Question 51

Which event is geologically tholdest?

A)formation of Pangaea
B)evolution of modern humans
C)oxygen accumulation in the Earth's atmosphere
D)origin of prokaryotes
E)age of dinosaurs

Question 52

Which layer of sedimentary rock shows thpresencof reptiles?

A)Watahomigi Formation
B)Toroweap Formation
C)Muav limestone
D)Coconino Sandstone
E)none of these

Question 53

What is thcorrect order of geological timframes frooldest to most recent?

A)Permian - Triassic - Jurassic - Tertiary
B)Triassic - Jurassic - Tertiary - Permian.
C)Triassic - Permian - Jurassic - Tertiary.
D)Tertiary - Triassic - Permian - Jurassic.
E)Jurassic - Triassic - Permian - Tertiary

Question 54

During which periodithcoal forests form?

A)Cambrian
B)Carboniferous
C)Quaternary
D)Jurassic
E)none of these

Question 55

Which layer of sedimentary rock is thyoungest?

A)Bright Angel Shale
B)Muav limestone
C)Redwall limestone
D)Manakacha Formation
E)Kaibab Limestone

Question 56

It will takapproximately ________ years for Carbon 14 to breduceinto half of thoriginal substance?

A)16,000
B)11,200
C)8,200
D)5,370
E)none of these

Question 57

Which layer of sedimentary rock is closest to thsurface?

A)Bright Angel Shale
B)Muav limestone
C)Redwall limestone
D)Manakacha Formation
E)Kaibab Limestone

Question 58

Which layer of sedimentary rock is tholdest?

A)Bright Angel Shale
B)Muav limestone
C)Redwall limestone
D)Manakacha Formation
E)Kaibab Limestone

Question 59

During which periodiPangaea break apart?

A)Cambrian
B)Carboniferous
C)Quaternary
D)Jurassic
E)none of these

Question 60

Which Era arwcurrently living in?

A)Cenozoic
B)Miocene
C)Quaternary
D)Mesozoic
E)Tertiary

Question 61

Thdevelopment of your eyes, nasal passage, anlungs arguideby which typof genes?

A)dominant
B)homologous
C)recessive
D)homeotic
E)none of these

Question 62

Similar body parts that reflect shareancestry arknown as

A)analogous structures.
B)homologous structures.
C)vestigial structures.
D)repeating structures.
E)heterozygous structures.

Question 63

Similar structures that havevolveindependently in different lineages that do not sharcommon ancestry arcalled

A)analogous structures.
B)homologous structures.
C)vestigial structures.
D)repeating structures.
E)heterozygous structures.

Question 64

Ththeory of continental movement is called

A)plate tectonics.
B)plate drift.
C)seismology.
D)fault line movement.
E)Pangaea.

Question 65

Which typof genes guidthformation of specific body parts?

A)homeotic
B)homologous
C)recessive
D)dominant
E)none of these

Question 66

What was thsuper continent callethat includethlandmasses that arcurrently founin thsouthern hemisphere?

A)Antarctic
B)Pangaea
C)Eurasia
D)South Pole
E)Gondwana

Question 67

Thevolution of similar body parts in different lineages is called

A)adaptation.
B)morphological divergence.
C)vestigial structures.
D)morphological convergence.
E)heterozygous structures.

Question 68

Which group is thancestor of all modern lanvertebrates?

A)birds
B)whales
C)primates
D)stem reptiles
E)dinosaurs

Question 69

Bat wings, human forearms, elephant legs, an cat forelimbs arwhat typof structures?

A)analogous structures
B)homologous structures
C)vestigial structures
D)repeating structures
E)heterozygous structures

Question 70

During which periodithsuper continent Gondwana movtowards thSouth Pole?

A)Cambrian
B)Carboniferous
C)Quaternary
D)Ordovician
E)none of these

Question 71

Ththeory that thearth's plates movslowly to new locations over geological timis known as

A)plate tectonics.
B)plate drift.
C)seismology.
D)fault line movement.
E)Pangaea.

Question 72

Morphological divergence

A)is the change in body form from that of a common ancestor.
B)is the change in body form to resemble that of an ancestor.
C)is no change in body form over time.
D)does not occur in related species.
E)is none of these.

Question 73

What % of fruit fly genes havhomologous genes that can bfounin humans?

A)6%
B)12%
C)28%
D)30%
E)50%

Question 74

What percentagof yeast genes havhomologous genes that can bfounin humans?

A)6%
B)12%
C)28%
D)30%
E)42%