Deck 9: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

An individual wouldevelop cystic fibrosis if hcarries __________ mutateCFTR gene(s).

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A(n) __________ is an offspring of a cross between two individuals that breetrufor different forms of a trait.

A)homozygous
B)autosome
C)hybrid
D)diploid
E)haploid

Answer 2

C

Question 3

An allelis __________ if its effect masks that of a (n) __________ allelpairewith it.

A)recessive; codominant
B)codominant; recessive
C)recessive; dominant
D)dominant; recessive
E)incompletely recessive; dominant

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In cystic fibrosis patients,

A)chlorine ions are stuck inside epithelial cells.
B)water is excessively abundant on surfaces of epithelia.
C)surfaces of epithelia are relatively dry.
D)chlorine ions are stuck inside epithelial cells, and water is excessively abundant on surfaces of epithelia.
E)chlorine ions are stuck inside epithelial cells, and surfaces of epithelia are relatively dry.

Question 5

Thpea plant was an excellent choicfor Mendel's experiments because

A)true-breeding varieties were available.
B)the plant can self-fertilize.
C)it can be cross-fertilized.
D)true-breeding varieties were available, and it can be cross-fertilized.
E)some pea plants breed true for certain traits.

Question 6

Which of thfollowing statements is truabout a normal CFTR protein?

A)CFTR protein pumps chlorine ions out of the cell.
B)Activity of the CFTR protein causes the surface of epithelial cells to be constantly wet.
C)CFTR protein serves as a receptor that signals the body to the presence of bacteria.
D)CFTR protein allows the mucus to slide easily over epithelial cells.
E)All of these are true.

Question 7

When two alleles of thsamgenaridentical, thindividual carrying thosalleles is saito be

A)dominant.
B)heterozygous.
C)zygotes.
D)autosomes.
E)homozygous.

Question 8

In cystic fibrosis patients, which of thfollowing infections archronic?

A)bacterial infections of the intestine and muscles
B)bacterial infections of the intestine and lungs
C)bacterial infections of the blood and nerves
D)bacterial infections of the lungs, intestine, and brain
E)bacterial infections of the lungs and muscles

Question 9

Which of thfollowing might happen in a cystic fibrosis patient?

A)mucus sticking to surfaces of epithelia
B)persistence of infectious bacteria
C)hyperactivity of the immune system
D)mucus sticking to surfaces of epithelia and persistence of infectious bacteria in the body
E)persistence of infectious bacteria and hyperactivity of the immune system

Question 10

Thmost common cystic fibrosis is causeby

A)a missing CFTR gene.
B)an additional copy of the CFTR gene.
C)a change in the sequence of the CFTR gene.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Question 11

Which of thfollowing is truabout Gregor Mendel?

A)Mendel worked on garden pea plants.
B)Mendel knew that some plants "breed true."
C)He knew that genes were responsible for observable traits.
D)Mendel worked on garden pea plants and knew that some plants "breed true."
E)Mendel worked on garden pea plants.He knew that some plants "breed true" and that genes were responsible for observable traits.

Question 12

Which of thfollowing is responsiblfor observabltraits?

A)phenotype
B)genotype
C)prototype
D)morphotype
E)phototype

Question 13

In average, cystic fibrosis patients live

A)about 10 years.
B)about 20 years.
C)about 30 years.
D)about 40 years.
E)about 60 years.

Question 14

Which of thfollowing organs arlikely to baffecteby a defectivCFTR protein?

A)lungs
B)pancreas
C)muscles
D)lungs and pancreas
E)lungs and muscles

Question 15

Cystic fibrosis is a __________ disease.

A)genetic
B)bacterial
C)viral
D)fungal
E)parasitic

Question 16

In thvast majority of cystic fibrosis patients, thCFTR protein misses onimportant amino acid.Which of thfollowing is that amino acid?

A)alanine
B)phenylalanine
C)leucine
D)isoleucine
E)proline

Question 17

Which of thfollowing diseases is thmost common fatal genetic disorder in thUniteStates?

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)hyperglycemia
C)hypercholesterolemia
D)cystic fibrosis
E)all of these

Question 18

Observabltraits arknown in biology as

A)phenotype.
B)genotype.
C)prototype.
D)morphotype.
E)phototype.

Question 19

When two alleles of thsamgenardifferent, thindividual carrying thosalleles is saito be

A)dominant.
B)heterozygous.
C)zygotes.
D)autosomes.
E)homozygous.

Question 20

Various forms of a genat a given locus arcalled

A)chiasma.
B)alleles.
C)autosomes.
D)loci.
E)chromatids.

Question 21

If all offspring of a cross havthgenotypAa, thparent of thcross woulmost likely be

A)AA x aa.
B)Aa x Aa.
C)Aa x aa.
D)AA x Aa.
E)none of these.

Question 22

Thsecongeneration ration of a monohybricross is

A)1:1.
B)2:1.
C)9:3:3:1.
D)1:2:1.
E)3:1.

Question 23

Short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l); if a short-haireanimal of unknown origin is crossewith a long-haireanimal, anthey produconlong-haireanonshort-haireoffspring, this woulindicatthat

A)the short-haired was pure-breeding.
B)the short-haired was not pure-breeding.
C)the long-haired was not pure-breeding.
D)the long-haired was pure-breeding.
E)none of these could be determined with two offspring.

Question 24

If R is dominant to r, thoffspring of thcross of RR with rr will

A)be homozygous.
B)display the same phenotype as the RR parents.
C)display the same phenotype as the rr parents.
D)have the same genotype as the RR parents.
E)have the same genotype as the rr parents.

Question 25

Ththeory of independent assortment

A)cannot be demonstrated in a monohybrid cross.
B)is illustrated by the behavior of linked genes.
C)indicates that the expression of one gene is independent of the action of another gene.
D)states that alleles for the same characteristic separate during meiosis.
E)is negated by the phenomenon of epistasis.

Question 26

Which organisdiMendel usto work out thlaws of segregation anindependent assortment?

A)the fruit fly
B)Neurospora crassa
C)the garden pea
D)E.coli.
E)the garden roses

Question 27

Mendel founpea plants expressing a recessivtrait

A)were pure-breeding.
B)appeared only in the first generation of a cross between two pure-breeding plants expressing contrasting forms of a trait.
C)disappeared after the second generation.
D)could be produced only if one of the parents expressed the recessive trait.
E)were not characteristic of any of these.

Question 28

If tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d), antwo homozygous varieties Dandarcrossed, then what kinof progeny will bproduced?

A)all intermediate forms
B)all tall
C)all dwarf
D)1/2 tall, 1/2 dwarf
E)3/4 tall, 1/4 dwarf

Question 29

Diploiorganisms

A)have corresponding alleles on homologous chromosomes.
B)are usually the result of the fusion of two haploid gametes.
C)have two sets of chromosomes.
D)have pairs of homologous chromosomes.
E)have all of these.

Question 30

Which of thfollowing is useto check for dominancrelationship between alleles of ongene?

A)heterohybrid
B)hybrid
C)monohybrid
D)dihybrid
E)homohybrid

Question 31

In a Punnett square, thletters with thlittlboxes represent

A)offspring genotypes.
B)parental genotypes.
C)gametes.
D)offspring phenotypes.
E)parental phenotypes.

Question 32

Which of thfollowing is useto check for dominancrelationship between alleles of two genes?

A)heterohybrid
B)hybrid
C)monohybrid
D)dihybrid
E)homohybrid

Question 33

Thmost accuratdescription of an organiswith genotypAaBb is

A)homozygous dominant.
B)heterozygous.
C)heterozygous dominant.
D)homozygous recessive.
E)homozygous recessive.

Question 34

Which of thfollowing statements about thsecongeneration producein dihybricross is NOT true?

A)All offspring with the same phenotype will have the same genotype.
B)All offspring with the same genotype will possess the same phenotype.
C)It will not be possible to determine the genotype of some individuals by their phenotypes.
D)It will be possible to tell the genotype of some offspring by looking at their phenotypes.
E)Nine genotypes and four phenotypes will be produced.

Question 35

Short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l); to determinthgenotypof a short-haireanimal, it shoulbcrossewith

A)LL.
B)Ll.
C)ll.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Question 36

Ththeory of segregation applies morspecifically to events occurring in preparation of

A)offspring.
B)zygotes.
C)homologous chromosomes.
D)gametes.
E)loci.

Question 37

If short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l), animals LL anLl havthsame

A)parents.
B)genotypes.
C)phenotypes.
D)alleles.
E)genes.

Question 38

In thsecongeneration of a cross of DDRR with ddrr thmost common genotypwoulbe

A)DDRR.
B)DdRR.
C)DdRr.
D)ddRR.
E)ddRr.

Question 39

GenA occurs on chromosom#5; genB occurs on chromosom#21.Therefore, thestwo portions of thchromosomCANNOT be

A)genes.
B)dominants.
C)loci.
D)alleles.
E)recessive.

Question 40

Which of thfollowing genotypes is homozygous?

A)AaBB
B)aABB
C)aaBB
D)aaBb
E)AaBb

Question 41

A dihybricross of two contrasting, pure-breeding organisms

A)produces homozygous offspring.
B)must produce a phenotype different from either pure-breeding parent.
C)results in the disappearance of recessive traits for the first generation.
D)takes place only in the laboratory under precisely controlled conditions.
E)will result in the immediate formation of another pure-breeding variety.

Question 42

Genetic recombination as a result of crossing over occurs morreadily in genes

A)that are on the sex chromosomes.
B)that are on the autosomes.
C)that are located close together on the same chromosome.
D)that are located far apart on the same chromosome.
E)that are located on different chromosomes.

Question 43

Genes that arlocateon thsamchromosome

A)tend to be inherited together.
B)will appear together in the gamete.
C)are said to be linked.
D)may be separated during chromosome pairing and crossing over.
E)fit all of these characteristics.

Question 44

In incompletdominance,

A)one allele is not dominant to another allele.
B)the genotype can be determined by the phenotype.
C)the heterozygote is somewhat intermediate to the two homozygotes.
D)the intermediate phenotype may be the result of enzyme insufficiency.
E)all of these are true.

Question 45

Examine the following figure, and answer questions 55-60.Purple flower (A) is dominant over white flower (a), and tall stem (B) is dominant over short stem (b).The Punnett square represents a cross between two dihybrids (AaBb x AaBb).

What woulbthgenotypof plant #14?

A)Aabb
B)aaBb
C)AaBB
D)AABB
E)aaBB

Question 46

How many plants woulhavthgenotypAaBB?

A)1
B)2
C)5
D)6
E)3

Question 47

Which of thfollowing woulNOT bsupporteby indirect evidences of Mendel's dihybricrosses?

A)independent assortment
B)dominance
C)linkage
D)presence of two factors in parents and offspring
E)segregation of factors

Question 48

Which of thfollowing woulban exception to ththeory of independent assortment?

A)dominance
B)recessiveness
C)incomplete dominance
D)pleiotropy
E)linkage

Question 49

Mendel's dihybricrosses (but not his monohybricrosses) showethat

A)some genes were linked together.
B)the two alleles controlling a trait were divided equally among the gametes.
C)alleles for different traits were inherited independently.
D)one of the pair of alleles is dominant to the other.
E)the crossing of two different homozygous forms will not produce any offspring in the first generation that would look like either of the parents.

Question 50

Which of thfollowing statements is FALSE?

A)Crossing over tends to reduce the frequency that two linked genes are inherited together.
B)Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis increases variation.
C)Crossing over leads to variation.
D)Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes may influence the course of evolution.
E)The closer together genes are found on a chromosome, the greater is a chance that crossing over will occur between them.

Question 51

In genetic analyses, researchers know that linkagof genes will introducexceptions to thprinciplof

A)dominance.
B)segregation.
C)recessiveness.
D)independent assortment.
E)chromosome inheritance.

Question 52

What is thratio of phenotypes in this case?

A)1/2
B)3:1
C)6/16
D)9:3:3:1
E)1/16

Question 53

How many plants woulhavpurplflowers antall stems?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)9
E)16

Question 54

How many plants woulhavpurplflowers anshort stems?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)9
E)16

Question 55

If all thoffspring of a cross hathgenotypAaBb, thparent of thcross woulmost likely be

A)AABB x aabb.
B)AAbb x aaBB.
C)AaBb x AaBb.
D)Aabb x aaBb.
E)AABB x aabb or AAbb x aaBB.

Question 56

Examine the following figure, and answer questions 55-60.Purple flower (A) is dominant over white flower (a), and tall stem (B) is dominant over short stem (b).The Punnett square represents a cross between two dihybrids (AaBb x AaBb).

What woulbthgenotypof plant #2?

A)AaBb
B)AABb
C)AaBB
D)AABB
E)aaBB

Question 57

Thtypof inheritancthat woulsuggest thconcept of blending is

A)multiple alleles.
B)autosomal dominance.
C)codominance.
D)incomplete dominance.
E)codominance and incomplete dominance.

Question 58

Mendel woulnot havseen four different phenotypes in thsecongeneration of his dihybricrosses if

A)the genes had been on the same chromosomes.
B)the parent generation had been homozygous.
C)purple had been dominant to white.
D)more than two traits were traced.
E)all of these were true.

Question 59

Who proposethlaw of independent assortment?

A)Morgan.
B)Mendel.
C)Pasteur.
D)Koch.
E)Fleming.

Question 60

An individual with a genetic makup of aaBB is saito be

A)pure-breeding.
B)recessive.
C)hybrid.
D)dihybrid.
E)heterozygous.

Question 61

In a pedigrechart, a malshowing thspecific trait being studieis indicateby a

A)clear square.
B)darkened square.
C)clear triangle.
D)darkened diamond.
E)darkened circle.

Question 62

Thvariation of thcolor in snowshohares is duto

A)incomplete codominance.
B)inactive X chromosomes.
C)environmental effects on phenotypes.
D)quantitative inheritance.
E)multiple alleles.

Question 63

In humans, skin color is commandeby several genes.Thus, skin color is a(n) __________ characteristic.

A)dominant
B)autosomal
C)epistatic
D)pleiotropic
E)recessive

Question 64

Multipleffects of a singlgenis known as

A)expressivity.
B)dominance.
C)epistasy.
D)pleiotropy.
E)multiple allele.

Question 65

If a chilhas an AB blootype, thparents

A)must both have different blood types.
B)must be A and B, but not AB.
C)must be AB.
D)can be any blood type.
E)can have different blood types, but neither can be O.

Question 66

Thcolor of thsnowshoharis controlleby

A)multiple alleles.
B)quantitative inheritance.
C)incomplete dominant gene.
D)nondisjunction.
E)variation in season, with winter season producing white fur.

Question 67

Blootypes (A, B, anO) arcontrolleby

A)sex-linked genes.
B)linked genes.
C)incompletely dominant genes.
D)multiple alleles.
E)simple dominance.

Question 68

A bell-shapecurvof phenotypic variation is indicativof

A)incomplete dominance.
B)continuous variation.
C)multiple alleles.
D)epistasis.
E)environmental variables on phenotypes.

Question 69

If a chilbelongs to blootypO, hor shcoulNOT havbeen produceby which set of parents?

A)type A mother and type B father
B)type A mother and type O father
C)type AB mother and type O father
D)type O mother and type O father
E)none of these

Question 70

If onparent has typA blooanthother parent has typB, then which of thfollowing is possiblin thchildren?

A)AB only.
B)A and AB.
C)B and AB.
D)A, B, AB, and O.
E)O only.

Question 71

If a pure-breeding long-tail cat (LL) is crossewith a pure-breeding cat with no tail (rumpy, ll), ana cat with a short tail (stumpy) is produced, thsimplest explanation is

A)a mutation.
B)an X-linked gene.
C)an incompletely dominant gene.
D)a lethal gene.
E)chromosomal aberration.

Question 72

Which of thfollowing woulbthLEAST satisfactory organisfor genetic research?

A)humans
B)bacteria
C)corn
D)fruit flies
E)peas

Question 73

Pleiotropic genes

A)act on secondary sexual characteristics.
B)influence more than one aspect of a phenotype.
C)are additive.
D)produce lethal effects when homozygous.
E)fit none of these characteristics.

Question 74

If a woman of blootypA has a chilof blootypO, thfather may belong to

A)blood type A, AB, and O, but not B.
B)blood type O only.
C)blood type A, B, and O, but not AB.
D)any blood type other than type A.
E)any blood type.

Question 75

Human eycolor is an examplof a trait that

A)varies according to the geographical area.
B)varies periodically.
C)varies according to humidity.
D)varies continuously.
E)varies according to seasons.

Question 76

A genthat produces multipleffects is called

A)a multiple allele.
B)an autosome.
C)an epistatic gene.
D)a pleiotropic gene.
E)an incompletely dominant gene.

Question 77

ThABO blootypes arexamples of

A)multiple alleles and codominance.
B)pleiotropy.
C)multiple alleles.
D)incomplete dominance.
E)codominance.

Question 78

Thnumber of different alleles for ABO types in thtotal human population is

A)2.
B)3.
C)4.
D)6.
E)undetermined.

Question 79

ThABO blootypes hav__________ different genotypes.

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)12
E)16

Question 80

Which of thfollowing is NOT a known effect in thexpression of Marfan syndrome?

A)skeleton lacks elasticity
B)weakened blood vessels
C)weakened aorta
D)excessive absorption of oxygen causing the blood to cells to swell
E)altered fibrillin