Deck 5: Capturing and Releasing Energy

Question 1

Plants neewhich of thfollowing to carry on photosynthesis?

A)H₂O
B)CO₂
C)O₂
D)CO
E)H₂O and CO₂

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of thfollowing molecules is thmost common photosynthetic pigment in plants?

A)chlorophyll a
B)chlorophyll b
C)chlorophyll c
D)carotenoid
E)retinal

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In a plant, which of thfollowing items arorganic molecules that can absorb light of certain wavelength?

A)photons
B)leaves
C)chloroplasts
D)pigments
E)protons

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Today, what is thmain reason that explains thlack of success of biofuels?

A)The resources are extremely limited.
B)The cost of production is way too high.
C)Potential impacts on the environment are not known yet.
D)Most nations are not ready to use such resources.
E)The landscape is extremely affected.

Question 5

Thcarbon sourcfor organisms that derivtheir energy frophotosynthesis is

A)carbon monoxide.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)hydrocarbons.
D)methane.
E)glucose.

Question 6

Which of thfollowing sources of energy arobtainefrofossil plants?

A)coal
B)petroleum
C)natural gas
D)coal and petroleum
E)coal, natural gas, and petroleum

Question 7

Which of thfollowing statements is (are) CORRECT?

A)Increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming.
B)When burning a 100-year-old pine tree in one hour, we put back into the atmosphere the amount of carbon dioxide that the pine tree took 100 years to incorporate.
C)Today, we burn a lot more than our ancestors.
D)Under normal circumstances, extra carbon dioxide stimulates photosynthesis.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 8

Chlorophyll a molecules absorb __________ lights.

A)green and yellow
B)purple and red
C)red and yellow
D)orange and blue
E)purple, orange, and yellow

Question 9

Plants arablto maktheir own organic compounds through a process called

A)photosynthesis.
B)heterosynthesis.
C)chemosynthesis.
D)biosynthesis.
E)biogenesis.

Question 10

A rabbit harvests its fooanenergy sourcfroplants, whilgreen plants maktheir own fooanobtain energy frothsun.Frothat point of view, a rabbit woulbconsidereto ba(n) __________, whila green plant woulba(n) __________.

A)eukaryote; prokaryote
B)autotroph; heterotroph
C)prokaryote; eukaryote
D)heterotroph; autotroph
E)chemoautotroph; chemoheterotroph

Question 11

Light travels frospacto earth

A)in circle lines.
B)in straight lines.
C)in waves.
D)in circle and straight lines.
E)in circle lines and in waves.

Question 12

Visibllight comprises wavelengths that vary between __________ nanometers.

A)380 and 750
B)350 and 750
C)390 and 780
D)340 and 740
E)320 and 740

Question 13

Energy harvestefroorganic molecules is containein the

A)chemical bonds.
B)protons of each atom.
C)neutrons of each atom.
D)size of the carbon chain.
E)structure of the carbon chain.

Question 14

Thdistancbetween thcrests of two successivwaves of light is called

A)wave frequency.
B)wave period.
C)wave distance.
D)wavelength.
E)wave space.

Question 15

Thultimatenergy sourcfor fooproduction is

A)the grocery store.
B)the soil.
C)certain green plants.
D)the sun.
E)various metabolic pathways found in all living organisms.

Question 16

Thconversion of solar energy into chemical energy occurs during

A)glycolysis.
B)photosynthesis.
C)respiration.
D)fermentation.
E)chemosynthesis.

Question 17

Light is organizein packets of energy called

A)electrons.
B)protons.
C)neutrons.
D)lux.
E)photons.

Question 18

Energy containein organic molecules is a forof

A)kinetic energy.
B)activation energy.
C)potential energy.
D)cosmic energy.
E)any of these.

Question 19

Pigment molecules arcomparablto

A)space ships.
B)satellites.
C)antennas.
D)boats.
E)cars.

Question 20

Which of thfollowing coulNOT buseas biofuel?

A)oils
B)petroleum
C)gases
D)alcohols
E)all of these

Question 21

Thelectrons that arpasseto NADP⁺ at thenof thelectron transfer chain werobtainefrom

A)chlorophyll.
B)CO².
C)glucose.
D)sunlight.
E)ATP.

Question 22

Which of thfollowing parts of thplants arlikely to havphotosynthetic cells?

A)roots
B)old branches
C)leaves
D)trunk
E)stem

Question 23

Thfirst event of photosynthesis is the

A)hydrolysis of water.
B)synthesis of sugar.
C)transfer of an electron from chlorophyll.
D)manufacture of ATP.
E)synthesis of NADPH.

Question 24

Photosystems arlocatein

A)the first chloroplastic outer membrane.
B)the second chloroplastic outer membrane.
C)the stroma.
D)the thylakoid membranes.
E)the intermembrane space.

Question 25

Which of thfollowing statements relateto photosynthesis is INCORRECT?

A)The first stage occurs in thylakoid membranes.It is a series of reactions that are light-dependent.
B)The second stage takes place in the stroma.It is a series of reactions that are light-independent.
C)During the light-dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH are produced.
D)ATP and NADPH generated during light-dependent reactions are used during light-independent reactions.
E)During the light-dependent stage, carbon dioxide is combined with atoms of hydrogen to form molecules of glucose.

Question 26

Thsplitting of water in photosynthesis

A)releases oxygen.
B)results in accumulation of H⁺ inside the thylakoid.
C)releases electrons.
D)helps to fill an electron hole in the second photosystem.
E)does all of these.

Question 27

Hydrogen ion flow out of ththylakoicompartments

A)occurs between photosystems I and II.
B)is called hydrogen transfer system.
C)provides energy to produce ATP molecules.
D)causes excitation of chlorophyll molecules.
E)requires the intermediary action of acceptor molecules.

Question 28

ATP is formewhen __________ ththylakoicompartment.

A)hydrogen ions enter
B)hydrogen ions leave
C)electrons leave
D)electrons enter
E)water is split in

Question 29

Thproducts of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

A)are used in light-independent reactions.
B)are complex carbohydrates and proteins.
C)are stored in the vacuoles of the cell.
D)are oxygen and glucose.
E)are used in the light-independent reactions and are stored in the vacuoles of the cell.

Question 30

At thenof thelectron transfer chain, thfinal electron acceptor is

A)FAD.
B)PGA.
C)NADP⁺.
D)FMN.
E)PEP.

Question 31

Which of thfollowing molecules is (are) formeat thenof thelectron transfer process?

A)ATP only
B)NADPH only
C)ATP and NADPH
D)NADP⁺
E)ATP and NADP⁺

Question 32

When light excites chlorophyll, thchlorophyll molecules

A)change to carotene.
B)become agitated and move rapidly.
C)become radioactive.
D)absorb the energy and move an electron to a higher energy level.
E)become ionized.

Question 33

Thmembranthat forms a compartment insidthstroma is the

A)thylakoid.
B)mitochondrion.
C)lamella.
D)plastid.
E)tracheid.

Question 34

Which of thfollowing is most descriptivof an electron transport chain?

A)It generates energy from nothing.
B)It is a mechanism used by cells to dispose of unused electrons.
C)It transfers electron energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.
D)It transfers energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.
E)It requires activation by sunlight.

Question 35

Photosystems armainly

A)a grouping of energy-trapping molecules.
B)enzymes for splitting water.
C)a cluster of ATP molecules.
D)a sugar assembly site.
E)assemblies of thylakoids.

Question 36

Plant cells producoxygen gas

A)by splitting carbon dioxide.
B)during respiration.
C)by splitting ribulose bisphosphates.
D)by splitting molecules of water.
E)by breaking down glucose.

Question 37

Which of thfollowing pigments is NOT reflecteby carotenoids?

A)red
B)yellow
C)purple
D)green
E)none of these are reflected

Question 38

Thoxygen releasein photosynthesis comes from

A)carbon dioxide.
B)glucose.
C)water.
D)an unknown compound.
E)atmospheric oxygen.

Question 39

Which of thfollowing is NOT associatewith thlight-dependent reaction?

A)ATP
B)thylakoids
C)chlorophyll
D)stroma
E)water

Question 40

Which of thfollowing cellular organelles arresponsiblfor photosynthesis in green plants?

A)vesicles
B)central vacuoles
C)mitochondria
D)chloroplasts
E)inclusion bodies

Question 41

In most complex plants, thexcess glucosis storeas

A)glucose.
B)starch.
C)sucrose.
D)glycogen.
E)cellulose.

Question 42

How many carbon dioxidmolecules does it takto synthesizonmoleculof glucose?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)12
E)18

Question 43

Most plants ananimals us__________ as their final hydrogen acceptor in cellular respiration.

A)oxygen
B)sulfur
C)nitrogen
D)magnesium
E)phosphorus

Question 44

All living organisms

A)generate ATP.
B)utilize oxygen.
C)have a well-defined nucleus.
D)produce carbon dioxide.
E)generate ATP and produce carbon dioxide.

Question 45

Which of thfollowing sources of energy powers thseconstagof photosynthesis?

A)light
B)ATP
C)NADPH
D)glucose
E)electromagnetic

Question 46

Plant cells arcapablof

A)photosynthesis.
B)ATP production.
C)glucose breakdown.
D)aerobic respiration.
E)all of these.

Question 47

Thenzymes associatewith thlight-dependent reactions of photosynthesis arlocated

A)on the outer membranes of the chloroplast.
B)in the liquid portion of the chloroplast.
C)on the thylakoid membrane.
D)throughout the cytoplasm.
E)on the plasma membrane.

Question 48

Plants uswhich of thfollowing structures to perforan exchangof gases?

A)pores
B)plasmodesmata
C)stroma
D)chloroplasts
E)stomata

Question 49

Which of thfollowing generates thmost energy in thforof ATP?

A)aerobic respiration
B)anaerobic respiration
C)alcoholic fermentation
D)lactate fermentation
E)all generate the same amount, but through different means

Question 50

Which of thfollowing woulNOT btruof CAplants?

A)fix carbon only once
B)live in a desert environment
C)fix carbon mostly during the day
D)open stomata only at night
E)grow slowly

Question 51

Which of thfollowing statements is CORRECT about C₄ plants?

A)In C₄ plants, fixation of carbon dioxide and the light-independent reactions occur in two different types of cells.
B)C₄ plants are so called because a 4-carbon molecule is the first stable intermediate that forms in the light-independent reactions.
C)In C₄ plants, carbon dioxide is fixed by an enzyme that does not use oxygen even at high oxygen levels.
D)C₄ plants are adapted to considerably minimize photorespiration.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 52

Plants manufacturglucose

A)for exclusive use by animals.
B)to function as the beginning of more complex molecules.
C)as a by-product synthesized as the plant produces oxygen.
D)during the process known as photorespiration.
E)via the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Question 53

Aerobes us__________ as thfinal electron acceptor at thenof an electron transport chain.

A)hydrogen
B)carbon
C)oxygen
D)H₂O
E)NAD⁺

Question 54

Which of thfollowing statements is INCORRECT about C₃ plants?

A)C₃ plants conserve water on dry and hot days by closing their stomata.
B)C₃ plants are so called because a 3-carbon PGA is the first stable intermediate that forms in the light-independent reactions.
C)In C₃ plants, a carbon dioxide molecule that is taken from the atmosphere is readily accepted by a RuBP molecule.
D)Because photorespiration counteracts photosynthesis, C₃ plants have developed a way to shut down that process (photorespiration).
E)None of these are incorrect.

Question 55

Which of thfollowing is NOT a sourcof energy?

A)glucose
B)calcium
C)protein
D)fats
E)starch

Question 56

Which of thfollowing metabolic pathways uses ATP anNADPH that formein thlight-dependent reactions?

A)the Calvin-Benson cycle
B)the Krebs cycle
C)the glycolysis
D)the beta-oxidation
E)the catabolic pathway

Question 57

Thcarbon dioxidacceptor in thCalvin-Benson cyclis

A)phosphoglycerate (PGA).
B)ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL).
D)glucose.
E)phosphoenolpyruvate.

Question 58

For six molecules of carbon dioxidfixein thlight-independent reaction, how many molecules of PGA arproduced?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)12
E)18

Question 59

Which of thfollowing molecules servas inputs for thlight-independent reactions?

A)H₂O, ATP, and NADPH
B)CO₂, NADPH, and H₂O
C)CO₂ and NADPH
D)ATP, NADPH, H₂O, and CO₂.
E)NADPH, ATP, and CO₂.

Question 60

Wherarthlight-independent reactions occurring?

A)in the cytoplasm
B)in the chloroplastic outer membrane
C)in the thylakoid membrane
D)in the stroma
E)in the matrix

Question 61

Glycolysis takes placin

A)the cytoplasm.
B)mitochondria.
C)chloroplasts.
D)thylakoids.
E)peroxisomes.

Question 62

For a glucosmoleculwhich is completely oxidizeduring thprocess of cellular respiration, what is thcorrect sequencof series of reactions?
I)glycolysis
II)electron transport chain
III)Krebs cycle

A)I >>> II >>>III
B)I >>> III >>> II
C)II >>> I >>> III
D)II >>> III >>> I
E)III >>> I >>> II

Question 63

For glycolysis to begin,

A)glucose must enter the mitochondria.
B)there must be an input of energy from ATP.
C)oxygen must be available.
D)some hydrogen acceptors must be available.
E)heat must be supplied.

Question 64

Glycolysis

A)occurs in mitochondria.
B)happens to fats.
C)results in the production of pyruvate.
D)occurs in the cytoplasm.
E)results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 65

Thamount of energy releasefroa glucosmoleculis dependent on what happens to

A)carbon atoms.
B)oxygen atoms.
C)hydrogen atoms.
D)phosphorus atoms.
E)water molecules.

Question 66

How many ATP molecules (net yield) arproduceper moleculof glucosdegradeduring glycolysis?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)36
E)38

Question 67

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A)occurs during glycolysis.
B)requires the presence of oxygen.
C)is a precursor for the phosphorylation of glucose.
D)is the source for the majority of ATP produced in aerobic respiration.
E)does not occur during fermentation.

Question 68

Thusof two ATP molecules at thbeginning of glycolysis is comparablto __________ in financial language.

A)dividends
B)a credit
C)a debt
D)an investment
E)liquidity

Question 69

Thgreatest number of ATP molecules is producein

A)glycolysis.
B)alcoholic fermentation.
C)anaerobic electron transfer.
D)electron transfer phosphorylation.
E)the Krebs cycle.

Question 70

Thelectron transfer chain of cellular respiration is located

A)on the inner membrane of thylakoids.
B)on the inner membrane of chloroplasts.
C)on the inner membrane of mitochondria.
D)throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.
E)on the plasma membrane.

Question 71

Thgeneration of hydrogen ion concentration gradients across thmembranes of mitochondria produces ATP by means of

A)glycolytic pathways.
B)hydrogen pumps.
C)phosphate pumps.
D)ATP synthases.
E)none of these.

Question 72

Thprocess by which a small amount of thenergy in a glucosmoleculis releaseas it is converteinto two small organic acimolecules is called

A)photolysis.
B)glycolysis.
C)oxidative phosphorylation.
D)substrate-level phosphorylation.
E)the Krebs cycle.

Question 73

To break down a glucosmoleculcompletely, how many "turns" of thKrebs cyclarrequired?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)6
E)12

Question 74

Thenergy useto generatmost of thATP formein aerobic respiration is releasewhen electrons arpassefroNADH to

A)oxygen.
B)acetyl-CoA.
C)FADH.
D)CO_2.
E)NADPH.

Question 75

Thbreakdown of pyruvatin thKrebs cyclresults in threleasof

A)energy.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)oxygen.
D)hydrogen ions.
E)energy, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions.

Question 76

During electron transport phosphorylation, which ions accumulatin thouter compartment of thmitochondria?

A)calcium
B)hydrogen
C)oxygen
D)phosphorus
E)sodium

Question 77

Thenproduct of glycolysis is

A)acetyl-CoA.
B)oxaloacetate.
C)pyruvate.
D)citrate.
E)acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate.

Question 78

Which of thfollowing compounds produces carbon dioxidduring thbreakdown of glucosin aerobic respiration?

A)phosphoglycerate
B)pyruvate
C)ATP
D)NADH
E)fructose bisphosphate

Question 79

When glucosis useas thenergy source, thlargest amount of ATP is producein

A)glycolysis.
B)acetyl-CoA formation.
C)the Krebs cycle.
D)substrate-level phosphorylation.
E)electron transfer phosphorylation.

Question 80

ThKrebs cycltakes placin the

A)ribosomes.
B)cytoplasm.
C)nucleus.
D)mitochondria.
E)chloroplasts.