Deck 7: Gene Expression and Control

Question 1

Which of thfollowing statements is (are) CORRECT about ricin?

A)Ricin is a naturally occurring toxic protein.
B)Botulinum and tetanus toxins are the only molecules that are more toxic than ricin.
C)Ricin does not have an antidote.
D)Ricin is obtained from the castor-oil plant.
E)All of these are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Ricin is madup of

A)two polysaccharide chains.
B)three polysaccharide chains.
C)a single polypeptide chain.
D)two polypeptide chains.
E)three polypeptide chains.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of thfollowing encodes a specific RNA or a protein?

A)genotype
B)genome
C)division
D)gene
E)section

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Ricin is internationally considereas a weapon.Its usis now bannein most countries according to th__________.

A)Libreville protocol.
B)Paris protocol.
C)Kyoto protocol.
D)Geneva protocol.
E)Camp David protocol.

Question 5

Thtypof RNA that carries protein-building information is called

A)ribosomal RNA.
B)transfer RNA.
C)messenger RNA.
D)carrier RNA.
E)transporter RNA.

Question 6

Which of thfollowing items coulDNA bcompareto?

A)a ship
B)a subway
C)an encyclopedia
D)a caterpillar
E)an experimental protocol

Question 7

Which of thfollowing items arNOT likely to contain castor oil?

A)cosmetics
B)plastics
C)steel
D)paints
E)none of these

Question 8

Which of thfollowing arinactivateby ricin?

A)proteins
B)ribosomes
C)DNA
D)RNA
E)sugars

Question 9

Derivativforms of ricin arbeing developein order to treat

A)some kinds of cancer.
B)some kinds of diabetes.
C)some kinds of obesity.
D)some kinds of infectious disease.
E)all of these.

Question 10

Ricin woulaffect a human cell by

A)inactivating synthesis of carbohydrates.
B)inhibiting hydrolysis of carbohydrates.
C)preventing protein synthesis.
D)interfering with hydrolysis of lipids.
E)overactivating nucleic acid metabolism.

Question 11

Which of thfollowing processes is responsiblfor thconversion of DNA information into RNA?

A)replication
B)transcription
C)duplication
D)translation
E)any of these

Question 12

Which of thfollowing items arlikely to contain castor oil?

A)cosmetics
B)plastics
C)polishes
D)paints
E)all of these

Question 13

Which of thfollowing letters is NOT founin DNA molecules?

A)U
B)A
C)T
D)C
E)G

Question 14

Which of thfollowing particles is targeteby ricin?

A)mitochondria
B)DNA polymerase
C)RNA polymerase
D)the small ribosomal subunit
E)the large ribosomal subunit

Question 15

Which of thfollowing statements artruof RNA molecules?

A)RNA are single-stranded molecules.
B)They contain uracil in place of guanine.
C)The cell contains different kinds of RNA molecules.
D)RNA are single-stranded molecules that are found in different kinds in the cell.
E)All of these are true.

Question 16

Which of thfollowing sugars is founin RNA?

A)deoxyribose
B)ribose
C)deoxyxylulose
D)xylose
E)ribulose

Question 17

In which of thfollowing regions woula castor-oil plant grow successfully?

A)Connecticut
B)Hawaii
C)Alaska
D)New York
E)Norway

Question 18

Which of thfollowing describes thnaturof ricin?

A)polypeptide
B)amino acid
C)polysaccharide
D)monosaccharide
E)lipid

Question 19

DNA molecules contain sequences called

A)genotypes.
B)genomes.
C)divisions.
D)genes.
E)sections.

Question 20

Which of thfollowing letters is NOT founin RNA molecules?

A)U
B)A
C)T
D)C
E)G

Question 21

Which of thfollowing coulNOT ban RNA transcript?

A)AUGCGU
B)ATGCGT
C)UACGCA
D)UAGCGU
E)GCGUUU

Question 22

If an mRNA carries CUCGAU as a sequence, what woulbthsequencof thcoding stranof DNA?

A)CTCGAT
B)GUGCUA
C)GTGCAT
D)GAGCTA
E)none of these

Question 23

In transcription,

A)several RNA molecules are made from the same DNA molecule.
B)promoters are needed so the enzyme can bind to DNA.
C)DNA produces messenger RNA.
D)a specific enzyme called DNA polymerase is required.
E)all of these are true.

Question 24

Thchanging of a business letter froshorthanto typewritten copy is analogous to

A)protein synthesis.
B)translation of mRNA.
C)transcription of DNA.
D)deciphering the genetic code.
E)replication of DNA.

Question 25

Transcription

A)occurs on the surface of the ribosome.
B)is the final process in the assembly of protein.
C)occurs during the synthesis of any type of RNA from a DNA template.
D)is catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
E)is true of all of these.

Question 26

Which of thfollowing processes is (are) part of genexpression?
I)replication
II)transcription
III)translation

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I, II, and III
E)III only

Question 27

Threlationship between strands of RNA anDNA is

A)antagonistic.
B)opposite.
C)complementary.
D)an exact duplicate.
E)unrelated.

Question 28

Thprocess by which thgenetic information is converteto an RNA or protein product is called

A)gene expression.
B)genomic expression.
C)gene transcription.
D)genomic transcription.
E)gene translation.

Question 29

Thsynthesis of an RNA moleculfroa DNA templatstranis

A)replication.
B)translation.
C)transcription.
D)DNA synthesis.
E)metabolism.

Question 30

Transcription starts at a region of DNA callea(n)

A)sequencer.
B)promoter.
C)activator.
D)terminator.
E)transcriber.

Question 31

If thDNA coding sequencwerATG-CGT, thmRNA codons woulbe

A)AUG-CGU.
B)ATG-CGT.
C)UAC-GCA.
D)UAG-CGU.
E)none of these.

Question 32

During thtranscription process, uracil will pair with

A)ribose.
B)adenine.
C)guanine.
D)cytosine.
E)thymine.

Question 33

If an mRNA carries CUCGAU as a sequence, what woulbthsequencof thnon-coding stranof DNA?

A)CTCGAT
B)GUGCUA
C)GTGCAT
D)GAGCTA
E)none of these

Question 34

Thmessenger RNA is converteinto polypeptidsequences during thprocess of

A)replication.
B)transcription.
C)duplication.
D)translation.
E)any of these.

Question 35

Transcription

A)involves both strands of DNA as templates.
B)uses the enzyme DNA polymerase.
C)results in a double-stranded end product.
D)produces three different types of RNA molecules.
E)is true of all of these.

Question 36

During transcription,

A)several amino acids are assembled by the messenger RNA molecule at one time.
B)a special sequence called a promoter is necessary for transcription to begin.
C)certain polypeptide sequences are governed by one ribosome whereas other sequences are produced by other ribosomes.
D)the transfer RNA molecules arrange the messenger RNA codons into the appropriate sequence.
E)none of these occur.

Question 37

__________ assembllipids, carbohydrates, anreplicatDNA.

A)Saccharides
B)Amino acids
C)Nucleotides
D)Enzymes
E)Messenger RNAs

Question 38

__________ molecules carry protein-assembly instructions frothnucleus to thcytoplasm.

A)temple DNA
B)messenger RNA
C)transfer RNA
D)ribosomal RNA
E)all of these

Question 39

All thdifferent kinds of RNA artranscribein the

A)mitochondria.
B)cytoplasm.
C)ribosomes.
D)nucleus.
E)endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 40

Which of thfollowing adds RNA nucleotides, onat a time, during transcription?

A)RNA polymerase
B)DNA polymerase
C)endonuclease
D)transfer RNA
E)all of these

Question 41

Which of thfollowing molecules arNOT founin ribosomes?

A)sugars
B)nucleotides
C)amino acids
D)lipids
E)nitrogenous bases

Question 42

Therarhow many different kinds of amino acids in proteins?

A)3
B)6
C)12
D)20
E)28

Question 43

Of all thdifferent codons that exist, threof them

A)are involved in mutations.
B)do not specify a particular amino acid.
C)cannot be copied.
D)provide punctuations or instructions such as "stop."
E)do not specify a particular amino acid and signal instructions such as "stop."

Question 44

Therarhow many different kinds of RNA nucleotides?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)12

Question 45

Thtransfer RNA differs froother types of RNA becausit

A)transfers genetic information from cell nucleus to cytoplasm.
B)specifies the amino acid sequence of a particular protein.
C)carries an amino acid at one end.
D)contains codons.
E)does none of these.

Question 46

If thcodon consisteof only 2 nucleotides therwoulbhow many possiblcodons?

A)4
B)8
C)16
D)32
E)64

Question 47

Each "word" in thmRNA languagconsists of how many letters?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)more than 5
E)none of these

Question 48

A ribosomcontains

A)RNA.
B)DNA.
C)proteins.
D)RNA and proteins.
E)DNA and proteins.

Question 49

Thgenetic code

A)is universal for all organisms.
B)is based upon 64 codons made of sequences of three nucleotides.
C)also comes equipped with stop codons.
D)is redundant; that is, most amino acids have more than one codon.
E)is true of all of these.

Question 50

Thgenetic codis madup of units consisting of how many nucleotides?

A)2
B)3
C)5
D)6
E)16

Question 51

Which of thfollowing carries amino acids to ribosomes?

A)mRNA
B)tRNA
C)hnRNA
D)rRNA
E)all of these

Question 52

Therarhow many different kinds of RNA codons?

A)3
B)12
C)28
D)64
E)120

Question 53

If each nucleotidcodes for a singlamino acid, how many different types of amino acids coulbcombineto forproteins?

A)4
B)16
C)20
D)64
E)none of these

Question 54

Examine the following figure and answer questions

Thstart codon of RNA is

A)TAC.
B)ATA.
C)UAU.
D)GUG.
E)AUG.

Question 55

Eukaryotic ribosomes function as

A)a single unit.
B)two-part units.
C)three-part units.
D)four-part units.
E)a multidivisional unit.

Question 56

Examine the following figure and answer questions

Stran# 2 represents

A)the coding DNA strand.
B)the transcript.
C)the non-coding DNA strand.
D)the transferred strand.
E)any of these.

Question 57

Examine the following figure and answer questions

In this representation of transcription, stran# __________ is __________ becausit __________.

A)2; RNA; is single-stranded
B)3; RNA; contains uracil
C)2; RNA; contains thymine
D)2; RNA; has no uracil
E)3; DNA; contains adenine

Question 58

Thconcept that a set of threnucleotides specifies a particular amino aciprovides thbasis for

A)the one gene, one enzyme hypothesis.
B)the one gene, one polypeptide hypothesis.
C)the genetic code.
D)biochemical reactions among nucleic acids.
E)all of these.

Question 59

In most species, all mRNA transcripts begin with

A)methionine.
B)a ribosome.
C)AUG.
D)the P site.
E)an anticodon.

Question 60

Examine the following figure and answer questions

Stran# 1 represents

A)the coding DNA strand.
B)the transcript.
C)the non-coding DNA strand.
D)the transferred strand.
E)any of these.

Question 61

In a prokaryotic cell,

A)transcription and translation may occur simultaneously.
B)transcription occurs in the nucleus while translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
C)translation occurs in the nucleus while transcription takes place in the cytoplasm.
D)RNA polymerase catalyzes protein synthesis.
E)ribosomes interact with the endoplasmic reticulum first before initiating translation.

Question 62

In plant cells, energy necessary for translation is mainly provideby

A)ATP.
B)GTP.
C)CTP.
D)UTP.
E)light.

Question 63

A polysomis

A)one of the units of a ribosome.
B)the nuclear organelle that synthesizes RNA.
C)an organelle that functions similarly to a ribosome during meiosis.
D)the two units of a ribosome considered together.
E)an mRNA molecule with several ribosomes attached.

Question 64

Which of thfollowing molecules arcomponents of a ribosomanhavenzymatic activity (in thribosome)?

A)rRNA
B)protein
C)DNA
D)fats
E)steroids

Question 65

Sickle-cell anemia has been traceto what typof mutation?

A)frameshift
B)base-pair substitution
C)mutagenic
D)transposable element
E)viral

Question 66

Which of thfollowing mutations always lead(s) to a shift of thmRNA's reading frame?

A)deletion and insertion
B)deletion and substitution
C)insertion and substitution
D)substitution
E)insertion

Question 67

Thinsertion of how many nucleotides into a genetic sequencdoes less damagto thcodthan thinsertion of other numbers of nucleotides?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 68

A genmutation

A)is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
B)may be caused by environmental agents.
C)may arise spontaneously.
D)can occur in any organism.
E)is true of all of these.

Question 69

In prokaryotes, translation takes placin the

A)cytoplasm.
B)nucleus.
C)periplasm.
D)endoplasm.
E)stroma.

Question 70

Initiation of translation starts when __________ binds to an mRNA.

A)a large ribosomal subunit
B)a ribosome
C)a small ribosomal subunit
D)RNA polymerase
E)DNA polymerase

Question 71

Insertion mutations can bcauseby which of thfollowing?

A)transposable elements
B)transcription elements
C)transduction elements
D)translation elements
E)any of these

Question 72

Which event may occur in all viruses, prokaryotes, aneukaryotes?

A)duplication
B)aneuploidy
C)translocation
D)mutation
E)all of these may occur

Question 73

Mutations can be

A)random.
B)beneficial.
C)lethal.
D)heritable.
E)all of the these.

Question 74

Thdifferencbetween normal ansickle-cell hemoglobin is baseupon

A)the number of amino acids in the molecule.
B)the substitution of one amino acid for another.
C)the number and orientation of the amino acid chain attached to the heme portion of the molecule.
D)the number of oxygen molecules that can be carried.
E)the types of bone marrow that produce it.

Question 75

In which of thfollowing regions of an animal cell woultranslation occur?
I)nucleus
II)cytoplasm
III)lysosome

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I only
D)II only
E)III only

Question 76

During elongation, ribosomes catalyzformation of __________ between thamino acianthgrowing polypeptide.

A)a hydrogen bond
B)a peptide bond
C)a polar covalent bond
D)a non-polar covalent bond
E)a sulfur bond

Question 77

In translation during thstagof elongation,

A)saccharides are added one after another.
B)nucleotides are added one after another.
C)the DNA polymerase moves along the mRNA.
D)the RNA polymerase moves along the mRNA.
E)the ribosome moves along the mRNA.

Question 78

In mutation,

A)the new codon may specify a different amino acid but may not change the function of the new protein produced.
B)the new codon may specify the same amino acid as the old codon.
C)the new codon and resulting amino acid may destroy the function of the protein specified.
D)the new codon may have no serious effect.
E)all of these may occur.

Question 79

Which of thfollowing statements is INCORRECT?

A)In chain elongation, amino acids are added to the chain according to the sequence in the messenger RNA.
B)The messenger RNA molecule is stationary, and a series of ribosomes called polysomes travel along the molecule, manufacturing a series of polypeptides at the same time.
C)The shape of transfer RNA molecules is uniform and is maintained by hydrogen bonds.
D)Enzymes found in the ribosomes catalyze the formation of the bonds in the new polypeptide.
E)Polypeptide assembly is reversible.

Question 80

Frameshift mutations may involve

A)substitution of nucleotides.
B)substitution of codons.
C)substitution of amino acids.
D)insertion or deletion of one to several base pairs.
E)all of these.