Deck 3: Cell Structure

Question 1

Onof thgeneralizations of thcell theory is that

A)all cells have a nucleus.
B)all cells divide by meiosis.
C)all living organisms are made up of cells.
D)cells arise through spontaneous generation.
E)growth is solely the result of cell division.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When contaminatewith E.coli O157:H7, fresh meat shoulbcooketo at least __________ in order to prevent any foointoxication.

A)71°C (160°F)
B)75°C (167°F)
C)65°C (149°F)
D)85°C (185°F)
E)91°C (196°F)

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In order to get riof O157:H7, fooproducers havdevelopea new approveprotocol which is to __________ fruits anvegetables.

A)wash
B)apply radiation to
C)disinfect
D)pasteurize
E)apply a mild heat to

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Examinthfigurbelow.By law, that symbol must bmarkeon __________ foods.

A)irradiated
B)genetically modified
C)pasteurized
D)disinfected
E)potentially contaminated

Question 5

Which of thfollowing cell features is absent in a bacterial cell?

A)plasma membrane.
B)cytoplasm.
C)nucleoid.
D)nucleus.
E)DNA.

Question 6

Which of thfollowing statements is (are) truabout thplasma membrane?

A)It sets the limit of the cell.
B)It is only partially permeable.
C)Gases such as carbon dioxide cross it freely.
D)It is made up of proteins and lipids.
E)All of these are true.

Question 7

Escherichia coli is thmost common bacteriufounin thintestinof warm-bloodeanimals.Which of thfollowing animals is NOT likely to harbor E.coli?

A)a horse
B)a mouse
C)a shore bird
D)a bullfrog
E)a skunk

Question 8

What laboratory equipment is useto observcells?

A)stethoscope
B)telescope
C)microscope
D)macroscope
E)all of these

Question 9

E.coli O157:H7 strain lives in thintestinof __________ without sickening them.
I)birds anfrogs
II)goats ansheep
III)cattlandeer

A)I only
B)I and II
C)II and III
D)I and III
E)III only

Question 10

Thcell theory was first mentioneby both

A)Leeuwenhoek and Schwann.
B)Hooke and Leeuwenhoek.
C)Fleming and Schleiden.
D)Schwann and Schleiden.
E)Leeuwenhoek and Schleiden.

Question 11

Hdevelopethfirst simplmicroscope.

A)Hooke
B)Leeuwenhoek
C)Schwann
D)Schleiden
E)Fleming

Question 12

A pathogenic Escherichia coli strain woulcauswhich of thfollowing problems?

A)blindness
B)diarrhea
C)paralysis
D)kidney failure
E)all of these

Question 13

Thcytoplasof all living cells contains

A)sugars, DNA, and lipids.
B)sugars, ions, and proteins.
C)DNA, ions, and lipids.
D)DNA, proteins, and sugars
E)all of these.

Question 14

Which of thesstrains of Escherichia coli is responsiblfor foointoxication?

A)BL21(DE3)
B)O157:H7
C)XL1-Blue
D)JM109
E)TOP10

Question 15

Meat, fruits, anvegetables coulbcontaminatewith E.coli O157:H7 strain when they comin contact with animal
I)feces.
II)urine.
III)blood.

A)I only
B)I and II
C)II and III
D)I and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 16

Somcells contain membrane-bouncompartments called

A)organs.
B)organites.
C)organelles.
D)organella.
E)organellum.

Question 17

Which of thfollowing areas is likely to harbor bacteria?

A)kitchen
B)bottom of the Pacific ocean
C)human intestine
D)miles underground
E)all of these

Question 18

Which of thfollowing investigators observefor thfirst timliving microscopic organisms?

A)Hooke
B)Leeuwenhoek
C)Schwann
D)Schleiden
E)Fleming

Question 19

Eukaryotic cells havtheir DNA enclosein the

A)plasma membrane.
B)nucleus.
C)nucleoid.
D)nucleolus.
E)nucleotide.

Question 20

__________ developethfirst compounmicroscope.

A)Hooke
B)Leeuwenhoek
C)Schwann
D)Schleiden
E)Fleming

Question 21

A transport protein is most analogous to a

A)wall partition.
B)subway train.
C)light switch.
D)voice identification device.
E)television receiver.

Question 22

A water-solublhormon(signaling molecule) woulmost likely binto which of thfollowing membranproteins?

A)active transporter
B)recognition
C)receptor
D)passive transporter
E)regulator

Question 23

Which of thfollowing sites woulNOT shelter prokaryotic cells?

A)plant tissues
B)a geyser
C)an iceberg
D)a nuclear reactor
E)none of these

Question 24

Most of thactivfunctions of plasma membranes arcarrieout by

A)cholesterol.
B)proteins.
C)hydrophilic heads.
D)hydrophobic tails.
E)carbohydrates.

Question 25

Which of thfollowing statements is TRUE?

A)When lipids and water are mixed, water molecules isolate themselves into droplets.
B)When lipids and water are mixed, lipids dissolve and enter into a solution.
C)Lipids are classified as nonpolar substances and will not mix with water.
D)Polar substances are able to pass through a plasma membrane more readily than nonpolar substances.
E)All portions of a phospholipid molecule found in a membrane are classified as nonpolar.

Question 26

If a plasma membranwercompareto a sandwich, __________ woulbconsiderethfilling.

A)cholesterol
B)protein
C)hydrophilic heads
D)hydrophobic tails
E)carbohydrates

Question 27

Thquality of a microscopdepends on two parameters:

A)light source and magnification.
B)light source and resolving power.
C)size of the object and magnification.
D)resolving power and size of the object.
E)resolving power and magnification.

Question 28

An analysis of plasma or nuclear membranwoulyield

A)cellulose.
B)suberin and cutin.
C)phospholipids and proteins.
D)microtubules and microfilaments.
E)all of these.

Question 29

How many categories of microscopes exist?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 30

Plasma membranproteins might binvolvein

A)cell-to-cell recognition.
B)signal recognition.
C)transport of nutrients.
D)metabolic activities.
E)all of these.

Question 31

Thhighest magnification generally useto study thinternal structurof cells is provideby

A)the scanning electron microscope.
B)the transmission electron microscope.
C)the light microscope.
D)the magnifying glass.
E)none of these.

Question 32

Findetails of a cell's surfacarrevealewhen using

A)a scanning electron microscope.
B)a transmission electron microscope.
C)a light microscope.
D)a magnifying glass.
E)none of these.

Question 33

Viruses can bobserveusing a(n)

A)bright field microscope.
B)dark field microscope.
C)fluorescence microscope.
D)electron microscope.
E)all of these.

Question 34

Elephants arlarganimals becausthey

A)have bigger cells.
B)possess expandable cells.
C)are made of a greater number of cells.
D)have bigger cells and are made of a greater number of cells.
E)have bigger cells that are expandable and of greater number.

Question 35

__________ is (are) useto observwholliving cells.

A)A scanning electron microscope
B)A transmission electron microscope
C)A light microscope
D)A magnifying glass
E)All of these

Question 36

Which statement is TRUof plasma membranes?

A)They have protein molecules on their surfaces that identify them.
B)They are essentially impermeable.
C)They are basically static, nonchanging structures.
D)They are hydrophilic barriers between cells.
E)They function primarily through the activity of their carbohydrates.

Question 37

Hydrophobic interactions of thtails of phospholipids can produce

A)a lipid bilayer.
B)hydrolysis of the fatty acids.
C)a protein membrane.
D)a cytoskeleton.
E)a nonpolar membrane.

Question 38

A hypothetical "microbullet" shot through a phospholipids bilayer will pass thcomponent in which order?

A)tail >>> tail >>> head >>> head
B)head >>> tail >>> tail >>> head
C)head >>> tail >>> head >>> tail
D)head >>> head >>> tail >>> tail
E)tail >>> head >>> tail >>> head

Question 39

Threlativimpermeability of membranes to water solublmolecules is a result of

A)the nonpolar nature of water.
B)the presence of large proteins that extend through both sides of membranes.
C)the presence of inorganic salt crystals scattered through some membranes.
D)the presence of cellulose and waxes.
E)the presence of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer.

Question 40

Thphospholipids of most membranes have

A)a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail.
B)a hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail.
C)a hydrophobic head and two hydrophobic tails.
D)a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.
E)none of these.

Question 41

Which arexamples of prokaryotes?

A)protozoa
B)bacteria
C)algae
D)fungi
E)mosses

Question 42

On which of thfollowing arpolypeptidchains constructed?

A)Golgi bodies
B)mitochondria
C)chloroplasts
D)ribosomes
E)endoplasmic reticula

Question 43

Which of thfollowing molecules carries thgenetic information?

A)DNA
B)proteins
C)simple sugars
D)fats
E)waxes

Question 44

Which of thfollowing terms CANNOT buseto characterizeukaryotic chromosomes?

A)DNA plus proteins
B)duplicated
C)condensed
D)bathed in cytoplasm
E)"colored bodies"

Question 45

Prokaryotic cells contain
I)ribosomes.
II)a circular DNA.
III)Golgi bodies.

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II only
D)II and III
E)I, II, and III

Question 46

In nature, a biofilmay include

A)bacteria only.
B)microscopic algae only.
C)fungi only.
D)protists only.
E)bacteria, microscopic algae, protests, and fungi.

Question 47

A systeof channels, tubes, ansacs that transport molecules insidthcytoplasdescribes

A)Golgi bodies.
B)mitochondria.
C)lysosomes.
D)ribosomes.
E)endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 48

Thendomembransysteis involvein

A)production of enzymes.
B)production of lipids.
C)detoxification.
D)production of structural proteins.
E)all of these.

Question 49

Prokaryotes

A)have nucleoid regions.
B)are unicellular.
C)have cell walls.
D)are bacteria.
E)are and have all of these.

Question 50

Which of thfollowing arsometimes referreto as rough or smooth, depending on thstructure?

A)Golgi bodies
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)ribosomes
E)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 51

Which of thfollowing organelles arinvolvein protein synthesis?
I)Cytosolic ribosomes
II)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
III)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A)I only
B)II and III
C)II only
D)I and III
E)I and II

Question 52

Which of thfollowing organelles is correctly matchewith its function?

A)nucleus: proteins synthesis
B)ER: heredity
C)Golgi bodies: packaging
D)mitochondria: digestion
E)chloroplasts: storage of lipids

Question 53

Prokaryotic cells do NOT have

A)ribosomes.
B)a nucleus housing DNA.
C)cytoplasm.
D)a plasma membrane.
E)membrane-bound organelles.

Question 54

__________ arinvolvein transfer of genetic information froonbacterial cell to another.

A)Flagella
B)Cilia
C)Pili
D)Ribosomes
E)Plasmids

Question 55

Which of thfollowing arprimarily structures for thpackaging of cellular secretions for export frothcell?

A)Golgi bodies
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)ribosomes
E)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 56

Th__________ is to bacteria what th__________ is to vertebratanimals.

A)flagellum; skin
B)plasma membrane; muscle
C)plasmid; ribosome
D)cell wall; skeleton
E)capsule; head

Question 57

Proteins that arsynthesizethrough thendoplasmic reticululeavthsitafter folding on their

A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure.
C)tertiary structure.
D)primary and secondary structures.
E)secondary and tertiary structures.

Question 58

Thorganellthat pinches off portions of its membranto fora vesiclusefor storagor transport is the

A)mitochondrion.
B)chloroplast.
C)nucleus.
D)Golgi body.
E)ribosome.

Question 59

Which of thfollowing organelles is NOT involvein protein synthesis?
I)Cytosolic ribosomes
II)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
III)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and III
E)I and II

Question 60

Through endoplasmic reticuluis so callebecaus__________ stuthsurfacof that organelle.

A)carbohydrates
B)ribosomes
C)fats
D)proteins
E)steroids

Question 61

Which of thfollowing contain enzymes anarthmain organelles of intracellular digestion?

A)Golgi bodies
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)ribosomes
E)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 62

Cilia anflagella

A)are found only in cells that are actively moving.
B)are found only in sex cells and unicellular organisms.
C)use motor proteins to induce movement.
D)may also function as receptor sites for certain hormones.
E)are found only in one-celled organisms.

Question 63

A cell wall

A)provides skeletal support for plants.
B)controls what enters and leaves the cell.
C)replaces the plasma membrane of animal cells in plants.
D)is found in all eukaryotes.
E)is not a part of bacteria cells.

Question 64

__________ arresponsiblfor separating chromosomes during cell division.

A)Microfilaments.
B)Intermediate filaments.
C)Actin filaments
D)Microtubules
E)Microfibers

Question 65

Examinthfollowing micrograph.This micrograph represents which of thcellular organelles?

A)mitochondrion
B)vesicle
C)nucleus
D)endoplasmic reticulum
E)chloroplast

Question 66

Structural features which contain proteins that help to control thshapof cells are

A)plastids.
B)vacuoles.
C)microvilli
D)nucleoli.
E)microfilaments.

Question 67

Motor proteins aractivin

A)Golgi bodies.
B)microtubules.
C)ribosomes.
D)cilia.
E)both microtubules and cilia.

Question 68

Examinthfollowing micrograph.This micrograph represents which of thcellular organelles?

A)mitochondrion
B)vesicle
C)nucleus
D)endoplasmic reticulum
E)chloroplast

Question 69

Which of thfollowing statements is CORRECT about thcytoskeleton?

A)The cytoskeleton is responsible for the shape of red blood cells.
B)The cytoskeleton is responsible for the movement of a sperm cell moving toward an egg cell.
C)The cytoskeleton determines the pathway of transport vesicles that migrate along it.
D)All of these are correct.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 70

Plasmodesmata arrelateto

A)gap junctions in animal cells.
B)tight junctions in bacteria.
C)wall junctions in plants.
D)adhering junctions.
E)both tight junctions in bacteria and adhering junctions.

Question 71

All of thfollowing statements relateto thnucleus artruEXCEPT

A)the nucleus is the site of RNA synthesis.
B)the nucleus contains the genetic information of the cell.
C)like other membrane-bound organelles, the nuclear envelope consists of one phospholipid bilayer.
D)the nuclear envelope harbors receptors and transporters.
E)the nuclear envelope contains pores.

Question 72

Thfollowing structures, particles, or functions arfounin BOTH mitochondria anchloroplasts EXCEPT

A)DNA.
B)inner and outer membranes.
C)ribosomes.
D)thylakoids.
E)converting one source of energy into another.

Question 73

Extracellular matrix is madup of

A)polysaccharides and fibrous proteins.
B)fibrous proteins and lipopolysaccharides.
C)polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides.
D)fibrous proteins and complex lipids.
E)polysaccharides and complex lipids.

Question 74

Which of thfollowing is thought to bthdescendant of ancient bacteria that werengulfeby a cell?

A)nuclei
B)Golgi bodies
C)ER
D)mitochondria
E)lysosomes

Question 75

Which of thfollowing arfounin BOTH plant ananimal cells?

A)nucleus, Golgi body, and chloroplasts
B)ribosomes, mitochondria, and plasma membranes
C)centrioles, cell wall, and nucleolus
D)vacuoles, nucleolus, and starch grains
E)starch grains, chloroplasts, and vacuoles

Question 76

Which of thfollowing cell organelles is responsiblfor disposal of alcohol?

A)Golgi body
B)peroxisome
C)lysosome
D)ribosome
E)mitochondrion

Question 77

Which organellis whiplikin structuranfunction?

A)microfilaments
B)intermediate filaments
C)microvillus
D)flagellum
E)microtubule

Question 78

Which of thfollowing junctions permit(s) cytoplasmic interconnection between cells?

A)gap junctions
B)plasmodesmata
C)adhering junctions
D)only gap junctions and plasmodesmata
E)gap junctions, plasmodesmata, and adhering junctions

Question 79

Human cells artightly connectein order to fortissues such as muscltissues.Thsubstancthat is responsiblfor such behavior in thostissues is called

A)intracellular matrix.
B)extracellular matrix.
C)exoskeleton.
D)extracellular sticky substance.
E)exocytoskeleton.

Question 80

Thfollowing structures arfounin all eukaryotic cells EXCEPT

A)cell walls.
B)the nucleus.
C)plasma membranes.
D)Golgi bodies.
E)the endoplasmic reticulum.