Deck 25: Endocrine Control

Question 1

Thcontrol over milk production anlabor in childbirth is mediateby th__________ gland.

A)pineal
B)anterior pituitary
C)posterior pituitary
D)parathyroid
E)thyroid

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of thfollowing statements is TRUE?

A)Although hormones are carried to all parts of the body, they produce effects only in cells with proper receptors.
B)Hormones are limited to steroid compounds.
C)Hormones are secreted by specialized exocrine glands.
D)Most hormones are controlled by positive feedback mechanisms involving the pituitary gland.
E)Hormones are electrochemical events.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of thfollowing statements is TRUE?

A)The anterior pituitary gland is essentially nervous tissue.
B)The anterior pituitary gland secretes only two hormones.
C)The posterior pituitary gland is the master gland.
D)The posterior pituitary gland only stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
E)All of these are true.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Most hormones ardistributethroughout thbody by the

A)exocrine system.
B)lymphatic system.
C)nervous system.
D)blood system.
E)integumentary system.

Question 5

Both lobes of thpituitary glanarcontrolleby the

A)pons.
B)corpus callosum.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)thalamus.
E)hypothalamus.

Question 6

A study reportethat high levels of phthalates in a pregnant woman coulleato which of thfollowing with respect to thdevelopment of their sons?

A)undescended testicles
B)smaller genitals
C)feminized genitals
D)all of these
E)none of these

Question 7

Which of thfollowing is NOT a steroihormone?

A)testosterone
B)melatonin
C)estrogen
D)progesterone
E)cortisol

Question 8

Phthalates mimic __________ in thhuman body.

A)testosterone
B)insulin
C)glucose
D)estrogen
E)iodine

Question 9

Which is thpredominant seconmessenger involvein regulating glucosmetabolism?

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)adenyl cyclase
D)cAMP
E)all of these

Question 10

Seconmessengers armolecules of

A)steroid compounds.
B)cyclic AMP.
C)ADP.
D)prostaglandin.
E)glucagon.

Question 11

A study showethat thmorpowders anlotions that mothers useon their infants, thhigher thlevel of phthalates in thchild's

A)blood.
B)saliva.
C)sputum.
D)bile.
E)urine.

Question 12

Therartwo types of hormones: steroids, anhormones derivefroamino acids.How many different types of hormones derivefroamino acids arthere?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 13

Threleasof cyclic AMP as a seconmessenger is a responsto

A)a peptide hormone.
B)a steroid hormone.
C)an ATP build up.
D)a protein hormone.
E)protein, steroid, and glycoprotein hormones.

Question 14

Thimportant featurof all cells that react to a specific hormonis (are) the

A)type of blood supply they receive.
B)proximity of the endocrine gland.
C)presence of an appropriate receptor molecule.
D)characteristics of their plasma membranes.
E)presence of specific genes responsive to the hormone.

Question 15

Which of thfollowing is NOT a peptidhormone?

A)epinephrine
B)oxytocin
C)glucagon
D)calcitonin
E)parathyroid hormone

Question 16

Which two glands arassociateanwork together in thbrain?

A)pineal and pituitary
B)pituitary and hypothalamus
C)thyroid and pancreas
D)adrenal and hypothalamus
E)thyroid and adrenal

Question 17

Target cells

A)are found only in specific endocrine glands.
B)are equipped with specific receptor molecules.
C)are muscle cells.
D)may occur in any part of the body.
E)are equipped with specific receptor molecules and may occur in any part of the body.

Question 18

Thpituitary hormonassociatewith growth andevelopment is

A)ACTH.
B)TSH.
C)FSH.
D)LH.
E)GH.

Question 19

Thantidiuretic hormone

A)controls levels of GH.
B)influences levels of LH.
C)influences levels of FSH.
D)reduces urine output.
E)causes contractions of the uterus.

Question 20

If you wercast up on a desert islanwith no fresh water to drink, thlevel of which of thfollowing woulrisin your bloodstreain an effort to conservwater?

A)erythropoietin
B)oxytocin
C)insulin
D)antidiuretic hormone
E)glucose

Question 21

Osteoporosis sometimes results from

A)excessive PTH secretion.
B)insufficient PTH secretion.
C)excessive intake of vitamin D.
D)excessive intake of iodine.
E)insufficient intake of vitamin D.

Question 22

Acromegaly is thresult of excessivsecretion of which of thfollowing by adults?

A)mineralocorticoid
B)glucocorticoid
C)thyroxine
D)testosterone
E)growth hormone

Question 23

Which of thfollowing encourages growth of bonansoft tissues in thyoung?

A)ACTH
B)prolactin
C)oxytocin
D)ADH
E)GH

Question 24

Thnormal human individual has how many parathyroiglands?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 25

Which of thfollowing glands produces calcitonin in children anadolescents?

A)thyroid
B)parathyroid
C)thymus
D)hypothalamus
E)anterior pituitary

Question 26

If you eliminateall sources of calciu(dairy products, somvegetables) froyour diet, thlevel of which of thfollowing woulrisin an attempt to supply calciustorein your body to thtissues that neeit?

A)aldosterone
B)calcitonin
C)mineralocorticoids
D)parathyroid hormone
E)GH

Question 27

Thluteinizing hormone

A)has roles in gamete formation and other reproductive aspects in both sexes.
B)has no function in males.
C)is produced by the corpus luteum.
D)stimulates milk production.
E)promotes sperm formation.

Question 28

Oxytocin affects the

A)uterine wall.
B)voluntary muscles throughout the body.
C)nervous tissue.
D)target cells in the brain.
E)target cells in the digestive tract.

Question 29

Lack of __________ leads to rickets.

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin B
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D
E)vitamin E

Question 30

Which endocringlansecretes TRH?

A)thyroid
B)parathyroid
C)thymus
D)hypothalamus
E)anterior pituitary

Question 31

Thyroihormondeficiency can leato a condition known as

A)hypothyroidism.
B)hyperthyroidism.
C)rickets.
D)AIDS.
E)bowed legs.

Question 32

Ththymus glanhas a direct influencon

A)the pituitary gland.
B)infection-fighting memory T cells.
C)glucose metabolism.
D)stress management.
E)growth of bones.

Question 33

ACTH (adrenocorticotropin)

A)is secreted by the posterior pituitary.
B)has target cells in the autonomic nervous system.
C)has target cells in the adrenal glands.
D)has target cells in the adrenal medulla.
E)initiates the autoimmune response.

Question 34

Dwarfismay bduto insufficient production of

A)mineralocorticoid.
B)glucocorticoid.
C)calcitonin.
D)GH.
E)the parathyroid hormone.

Question 35

Thyroihormoncontains

A)vitamin D.
B)iodine.
C)calcium.
D)calcitonin.
E)vitamin E.

Question 36

Members of what domain arevolutionarily closest to eukaryotes?

A)animalia
B)protista
C)fungi
D)bacteria
E)archaea

Question 37

Prolactin

A)stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk.
B)affects only animals with mammary glands.
C)causes the development of breasts and other secondary sexual characteristics in the male.
D)acts in concert with FSH to produce milk.
E)has secondary effects on reducing the size of the uterus after birth.

Question 38

A goiter is causeby a deficiency in

A)thyroxine.
B)triiodothyronine.
C)calcium.
D)iodine.
E)both thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

Question 39

Which of thfollowing hormones is NOT produceby either lobof thpituitary gland?

A)prolactin
B)oxytocin
C)thymosin
D)ACTH
E)GH

Question 40

A goiter is an enlargeforof which gland?

A)adrenal
B)pancreas
C)thyroid
D)parathyroid
E)thymus

Question 41

If you skip a meal, which of thfollowing conditions woulprevail?

A)Insulin levels would rise.
B)Glucagon levels would rise.
C)Glycogen would be converted to glucose.
D)Insulin levels would rise, and glycogen would be converted to glucose.
E)Glucagon levels would rise, and glycogen would be converted to glucose.

Question 42

Insulin stimulates

A)muscle and fat cells to take up glucose.
B)increased levels of glucose in the blood.
C)a decrease in muscle cell activity.
D)an increase in exercise.
E)liver cells to release glycogen.

Question 43

Which of thfollowing is NOT truof thsex hormones?

A)They are produced in the gonads.
B)They are protein hormones.
C)Estrogen is an example.
D)They influence gender and sex differences.
E)They are derived from the steroid cholesterol.

Question 44

Insulin directly affects the

A)secretion of saliva.
B)storage of proteins.
C)secretion of pancreatic juices.
D)metabolism of sugar.
E)utilization of fat reserves.

Question 45

Another namfor high bloosugar is

A)diabetes 1.
B)diabetes 2.
C)hyperglycemia.
D)hypoglycemia.
E)anemia.

Question 46

Glucagon is produceby the

A)adrenal cortex.
B)adrenal medulla.
C)liver.
D)alpha cells of the pancreatic islets.
E)beta cells of the pancreatic islets.

Question 47

Which glanis both an exocrinanendocringland?

A)pancreas
B)adrenal
C)ovary
D)thyroid
E)pituitary

Question 48

Which glanis associatewith biological clocks or biorhythms?

A)pineal
B)parathyroid
C)hypothalamus
D)pituitary
E)thymus

Question 49

Specializeislet cells that secrethormones arfounscatterethroughout the

A)adrenal cortex.
B)liver.
C)thymus.
D)adrenal medulla.
E)pancreas.

Question 50

Thhormonthat is antagonistic in action to glucagon is

A)norepinephrine.
B)insulin.
C)thyroxine.
D)epinephrine.
E)mineralocorticoids.

Question 51

Thpancreatic secretions governing glucoslevels arprecisely controlleby

A)neural connections to the pancreas.
B)the blood-brain barrier.
C)cooperative interactions.
D)two hormones working antagonistically.
E)releasing factors.

Question 52

Which hormonis involvein a negativfeedback relationship with thanterior pituitary anthhypothalamus?

A)aldosterone
B)epinephrine
C)norepinephrine
D)cortisol
E)ACTH

Question 53

Which of thfollowing is FALSabout "typ2 diabetes"?

A)Insulin levels are near normal.
B)Target cells do not respond to insulin.
C)It is the more common form of diabetes.
D)It is thought to be an autoimmune disease.
E)It usually occurs in middle-aged people.

Question 54

Thactions of insulin anglucagon coulbdescribeas

A)synergistic.
B)antagonistic.
C)cooperative.
D)permissive.
E)mutualistic.

Question 55

Excess glucosis converteinto glycogen in

A)the pancreas.
B)the liver.
C)the thymus.
D)the thyroid.
E)none of these.

Question 56

Thadrenal medulla produces

A)aldosterone.
B)epinephrine.
C)cortisol.
D)testosterone.
E)glucagon.

Question 57

Which statement is TRUE?

A)If blood levels of glucose decline, beta cells secrete less glucagon, and alpha cells secrete more insulin.
B)If blood levels of glucagon rise, alpha cells secrete less insulin, and beta cells produce more glucose.
C)If blood levels of glucose rise, alpha cells secrete less glucagon, and beta cells secrete more insulin.
D)If blood levels of glucose rise, beta cells secrete less glucagon, and alpha cells secrete more insulin.
E)If blood levels of glucose rise, alpha cells secrete more glucagon, and beta cells secrete less insulin.

Question 58

Hormones requirefor thdifferentiation of naïvT-cells arproduceby the

A)thyroid gland.
B)parathyroid gland.
C)thymus gland.
D)hypothalamus gland.
E)anterior pituitary gland.

Question 59

Which of thfollowing is TRUabout "typ1 diabetes"?

A)Insulin levels are normal.
B)Target cells do not respond to insulin.
C)It is the more common form of diabetes.
D)It is usually controlled with a strict diet.
E)It usually occurs in early childhood.

Question 60

Thadrenal cortex produces

A)aldosterone.
B)epinephrine.
C)norepinephrine.
D)testosterone.
E)glucagon.

Question 61

Melatonin regulates

A)heart rhythms in song birds.
B)the stimulation of cancer cell growth in humans.
C)the menstrual cycle in human females.
D)sleep cycles in humans.
E)milk production in mammals after giving birth.

Question 62

Which of thflowing statements is FALSwith regarto melatonin?

A)Melatonin secretion increases when the retina detects light.
B)Melatonin secretion declines when the retina detects light.
C)Melatonin secretion declines when the retina detects darkness.
D)Melatonin secretion increases when the retina detects darkness.

Question 63

Thcorrect flow chart for threleasof sex hormones is

A)hypothalamus → posterior pituitary → gonads
B)hypothalamus → anterior pituitary → gonads
C)anterior pituitary → hypothalamus → gonads
D)posterior pituitary → hypothalamus → gonads
E)none of these

Question 64

Which glanis associatewith seasonal affectivdisorder (SAD)?

A)pineal
B)pituitary
C)thyroid
D)parathyroid
E)thymus

Question 65

Four of thfivanswers listebelow arendocringlands.Select thEXCEPTION.

A)thymus gland
B)salivary gland
C)parathyroid gland
D)thyroid gland
E)pituitary gland

Question 66

Which of thfollowing is TRUof sex hormones at puberty?

A)Estrogen production in males is higher than in females.
B)Progesterone quantities fall.
C)Removal of the ovaries causes progesterone levels to rise.
D)In males, testosterone production rises.
E)Estrogen production in males causes penis development.

Question 67

Four of thfivanswers listebelow arendocringlands locatein areas other than thchest anabdomen.Select thEXCEPTION.

A)hypothalamus gland
B)thyroid gland
C)pineal gland
D)pancreas
E)pituitary gland

Question 68

Four of thfivanswers listebelow artruabout specific hormones antheir effects.Select thEXCEPTION.

A)Thymosin helps T-cells mature.
B)Calcitonin lowers blood level calcium.
B)Pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the hypothalamus.
C)Pancreas secretes insulin and glucagons for blood sugar regulation.
D)Cortisol affects the immune response.

Question 69

Which combination of hormones causes thgonads to secrethormones?

A)estrogen and progesterone
B)testosterone and oxytocin
C)estrogen and FSH
D)testosterone and LH
E)FSH and LH