Deck 11: Cvd, Cancer, and Diabetes

Question 1

The sum of squares _____ measures the variation between the block means and the grand mean of the data in randomized block ANOVA.

A)between
B)block
C)error
D)within

Answer 1

block

Question 2

If the main factor for randomized block ANOVA is statistically significant, you should _______.

A)perform a hypothesis test on the main factor using two- way ANOVA
B)reject the null hypothesis for the main factor and proceed with your conclusions
C)perform a hypothesis test on the main factor using one- way ANOVA
D)perform a hypothesis test on the blocking factor to check for a difference in blocking means

Answer 2

reject the null hypothesis for the main factor and proceed with your conclusions

Question 3

A ______ represents the number of data values assigned to each cell in a two- way ANOVA table.

A)level
B)cell
C)block
D)replication

Answer 3

replication

Question 4

Consider the partially completed two- way ANOVA summary table.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Source } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Sum of } \\\text { Squares }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Degrees of } \\\text { Freedom }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Mean Sum } \\\text { of Squares }\end{array} & F \\\hline \text { Factor B } & & 2 & & \\\hline \text { Factor A } & 600 & & 200 & \\\hline \text { Interaction } & 144 & & & \\\hline \text { Error } & 384 & 12 & & \\\hline \text { Total } & 1,288 & 23 & & \\\hline\end{array}$$
Using ?=0/05, a concludion for this ANOVA procedure would be that becouse the factor B test statistic is

A)less than the critical value, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no difference in average means for the Factor A populations.
B)less than the critical value, we cannot reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no difference in average means for the Factor A populations.
C)more than the critical value, we can reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a difference in average means for the Factor A populations.
D)more than the critical value, we cannot reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a difference in average means for the Factor A populations.

Question 5

Including a blocking factor that is not effective in randomized block ANOVA could result in _______.

A)increasing the probability of a Type II error
B)decreasing the probability of a Type II error
C)decreasing the probability of a Type I error
D)increasing the probability of a Type I error

Question 6

The _____ is another term for the variance of the sample data.

A)mean square between
B)mean square within
C)mean square total
D)total sum of squares

Question 7

A ______ in two- way ANOVA is a specific combination of one level from Factor A and one level from Factor B.

A)level
B)replication
C)block
D)cell

Question 8

A(n) ______ in ANOVA describes a category within the factor of interest.

A)level
B)error rate
C)block
D)factor

Question 9

Which of the following statements is not true concerning assumptions that ANOVA procedures rely on?

A)The observations must be independent of one another.
B)The observations are either nominal or ratio data.
C)Each of the populations being compared follows the normal probability distribution.
D)The populations being compared have equal variances.

Question 10

Rejecting the null hypothesis for interaction in a two- way ANOVA procedure _____.

A)indicates the absence of interaction between Factors A and B which does not interfere with the interpretation of the impact of Factors A and B on the population mean
B)indicates the absence of interaction between Factors A and B which interferes with the interpretation of the impact of Factors A and B on the population mean
C)indicates the presence of interaction between Factors A and B which interferes with the interpretation of the impact of Factors A and B on the population mean
D)indicates the presence of interaction between Factors A and B which does not interfere with the interpretation of the impact of Factors A and B on the population mean

Question 11

The ______ provides an estimate for the population variance whether or not the null hypothesis is true for one- way ANOVA.

A)sum of squares error
B)total sum of squares
C)mean square within
D)mean square between

Question 12

A Type I error occurs when performing one- way ANOVA when we conclude that the _______.

A)sample means are equal when, in fact, they are not equal.
B)population means are not equal when, in fact, they are equal.
C)sample means are not equal when, in fact, they are equal.
D)population means are equal when, in fact, they are not equal.

Question 13

The sum of squares _______ measures the variation between each sample mean and the grand mean of the data.

A)between
B)within
C)block
D)error

Question 14

If there is interest in testing the significance of the blocking factor in a randomized block ANOAV design, you should _____.

A)perform a randomized block ANOVA treating the blocking factor as the main factor
B)perform a two- way ANOVA treating the blocking factor as one of the main factors
C)perform a two- way ANOVA and test for interaction between the main and blocking factors
D)perform a one- way ANOVA treating the blocking factor as the main factor

Question 15

When performing one- way ANOVA, we partition the total sum of squares into the ______.

A)sum of squares between (SSB)and sum of squares block (SSBL)
B)sum of squares block (SSBL)and sum of squares error (SSE)
C)sum of squares interaction (SSAB)and sum of squares error (SSE)
D)sum of squares between (SSB)and sum of squares within (SSW)

Question 16

The sum of squares _____ measures the variation between each data value and the corresponding sample mean.

A)within
B)error
C)interaction
D)between

Question 17

Suppose a one- way ANOVA procedure is being used to compare the means of five different populations. The number of sample means to examine using the Tukey- Kramer multiple comparisons test is ____

A)6.
B)10.
C)5.
D)8.

Question 18

The test statistics for one- way ANOVA follows the __

A)normal distribution.
B)F- distribution.
C)Student 's t- distribution.
D)binomial distribution.

Question 19

The ______ provides an estimate for the population variance if the null hypothesis is true for one- way ANOVA.

A)mean square between
B)mean square within
C)total sum of squares
D)sum of squares error

Question 20

Randomized block ANOVA partitions the total sum of squares into the sum of squares _____.

A)between, within, and block
B)between and within
C)between, block, and error
D)between, within, and error

Question 21

______ ANOVA relies on matched samples in a similar way to the matched- pairs hypothesis testing that compares two population means.

A)Randomized block
B)One- way
C)Two- way
D)Three- way

Question 22

The sum of squares block (SSBL)measures the variation between the block means and the sample means.

Question 23

One- way ANOVA partitions the total sum of squares into the sum of squares between and the sum of squares block.

Question 24

All analysis of variance procedures require that the observations are either ordinal or interval data.

Question 25

ANOVA provides a lower probability of a Type I error when compared to multiple t- tests when comparing three or more population means.

Question 26

If the null hypothesis is true for one- way ANOVA, the mean square total (MST)would be a good estimate for the ______.

A)population variance
B)population standard deviation
C)sample mean
D)population mean

Question 27

There is no interaction between Factors A and B when the data values for each level of one factor behave in the same fashion across all levels of the other factor.

Question 28

One- way ANOVA requires that samples across the levels are equal to one another.

Question 29

The number of cells in a two- way ANOVA procedure is equal to the number of levels in Factor A multiplied by the number of levels of Factor B.

Question 30

With two- way ANOVA, the total sum of squares is portioned in the sum of squares for ______.

A)Factor A, Factor B, within, and error
B)Factor A, Factor B, block, and error
C)Factor A, Factor B, interaction, and error
D)Factor A, Factor B, interaction, and between

Question 31

All analysis of variance procedures require that the populations being compared have equal variances.

Question 32

The degrees of freedom for the sum of squares between for one- way ANOVA equal the number of populations being compared minus one.

Question 33

If the null hypothesis is true, the mean square total is a good estimate for the population variance.

Question 34

Consider the partially completed one- way ANOVA summary table.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Source } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Sum of } \\\text { Squares }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Degrees of } \\\text { Freedom }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { MeanSum } \\\text { of Squares }\end{array} & F \\\hline \text { Between } & 270 & & & \\\hline \text { Within } & & 18 & & \\\hline \text { Total } & 810 & 21 & & \\\hline\end{array}$$
The total nmber of observation for this ANOVA procedure is ____

A)18.
B)22.
C)21.
D)20.

Question 35

Interaction between two factors can be examined using ______ ANOVA.

A)randomized block
B)two- way
C)either one- way or two- way
D)one- way

Question 36

Replications represent the number of data values assigned to each cell in a randomized block ANOVA table.

Question 37

A(n) _____ in ANOVA describes the cause of the variation in the data.

A)factor
B)block
C)error rate
D)level

Question 38

Analysis of variance compares the variance between samples to the variance within those samples to determine if means of populations are different.

Question 39

When the main factor is statistically significant with randomized block ANOVA, the blocking factor will also be statistically significant.

Question 40

The advantage of using the Tukey- Kramer multiple comparisons procedure is that the probability of making a Type I error applies to all possible combinations of sample pairs.

Question 41

The sum of squares within (SSW)measures the variation between each data value of the grand mean for all of the data.

Question 42

Including a blocking factor in the ANOVA procedure can sometimes hinder the ability to correctly detect a difference in population means.

Question 43

The degrees of freedom for the sum of squares block for randomized block ANOVA equal the number of blocks.

Question 44

The appropriate test statistic for one- way ANOVA follows the normal probability distribution.

Question 45

Two- way ANOVA incorporates a blocking factor to account for variation outside of the main factor in the hopes of increasing the likelihood of detecting a variation due to the main factor.

Question 46

One- way ANOVA is used when we are looking at the influence that one factor has on the data values.

Question 47

The critical value for the Tukey- Kramer critical range is found using the F- distribution.

Question 48

If the null hypothesis is true for one- way ANOVA, we would expect MSB to be larger than MSW, causing the critical F- score to exceed 1.0.

Question 49

If the null hypothesis is false, the mean square between is a good estimate for the population variance.

Question 50

Unlike the critical z- score and critical t- score, the critical F- score can only take on positive values.

Question 51

The sum of squares interaction represents the variation due to the effect that Factor A has on Factor B or the effect that Factor B has on Factor A.

Question 52

The degrees of freedom for the sum of squares within for one- way ANOVA equal the total number of observations minus one.

Question 53

As long as the main factor is statistically significant with randomized block ANOVA, there is no concern about the significance of the blocking factor.

Question 54

For randomized block ANOVA, we partition the total sum of squares (SST)into the sum of squares between (SSB)and the sum of squares block (SSBL).

Question 55

The mean square within (MSW)provides a good estimate of the population variance only if the null hypothesis is true.

Question 56

If you decide to use randomized block ANOVA and fail to reject the null hypothesis for the main factor, you should perform a one- way ANOVA to be sure the blocking factor is not covering up the difference in population means for the main factor.

Question 57

The sum of squares error (SSE)represents the random variation in the data not attributed to either the main factor or the blocking factor.

Question 58

In a two- way ANOVA procedure, there are two hypotheses to be tested-the test for Factor A and the test for factor B.

Question 59

The sum of squares between (SSB)measures the variation between each sample mean and the grand mean of the data.

Question 60

In a two- way ANOVA procedure, the results of the hypothesis test for Factor A and Factor B are only reliable when the hypothesis test for the interaction of Factors A and B is statistically insignificant.

Question 61

A factor in an ANOVA test describes the cause of the variation in the data.

Question 62

Analysis of variance only tests to see if any pair of population means are different. To find out which population mean pairs are different, we need to perform a multiple comparisons test.

Question 63

The experiment- wide error rate is the probability of committing a Type II error for at least one pair of population means being compared.

Question 64

One- way ANOVA uses a one- tail hypothesis test while two- way ANOVA uses a two- tail hypothesis test.

Question 65

A level in an ANOVA test accounts for the variation outside of the main factor.

Question 66

For two- way ANOVA, we partition the total sum of squares (SST)into the sum of squares for Factor A (SSFA), the sum of squares for Factor B (SSFB), the sum of squares interaction (SSAB), and the sum of squares error (SSE).

Question 67

With one- way ANOVA, we will have a greater chance of rejecting the null hypothesis when more variation in the data is due to the SSB rather than the SSW.

Question 68

The appropriate test statistic for the blocking factor for a randomized block ANOVA follows the
F- distribution.

Question 69

The null hypothesis for ANOVA assumes that not all of the population means being compared are equal.

Question 70

Randomized block ANOVA should not be used to test the significance of the blocking factor. Under these circumstances, a two- way ANOVA procedure is more appropriate.

Question 71

The total sum of squares (SST)measures the amount of variation between each data value and the grand mean.

Question 72

The degrees of freedom for the sum of squares error for randomized block ANOVA equal the number of blocks multiplied by the number of population means being compared.

Question 73

Two- way ANOVA compares the means from different factors using two levels.

Question 74

The degrees of freedom for the total sum of squares for one- way ANOVA equal the total number of observations minus two.

Question 75

With randomized block ANOVA, the size of each sample needs to be the same.

Question 76

If the size for each sample is the same for the one- way ANOVA, the Tukey- Kramer critical range for all pairs would be the same.

Question 77

The Tukey- Kramer multiple comparisons procedure allows us to examine each pair of sample means and to conclude whether or not their respective sample means differ for a one- way ANOVA.

Question 78

If the absolute difference between two sample means is large enough to be greater than the
Tukey- Kramer critical range, we have enough evidence to conclude that the population means are different.

Question 79

Analysis of variance is a technique used to conduct a hypothesis test to compare three or more population proportions simultaneously.

Question 80

All analysis of variance procedures require that each of the populations being compared follows the normal probability distribution.